the European authorities became aware of the necessity for a common vision in modernizing society and development of European Economy competitiveness.
In achieving the fundamental objectives of Lisbon Strategy sustaining economic growth and creation of new working places one of the main instruments identified was the development of a knowledge based economy corroborated with incentives for the IT and communications sector (ICT).
Thus, the advantages of using ICT services and equipment over creation of an information society able to stimulate the growth of economic competitiveness,
Access to broadband communications shall also play an extremely important part for applications that shall emerge as a consequence of the occurance of new needs generated by the information society and knowledge based economy.
Economy: The interconnectivity between the business environment and that of digital communications is still at an initial stage,
In the context of Romania's current development and its opening towards the European and global economy, the business environment shall become a major consumer of broadband communications.
despite the diminishing of economic growth perspectives in general, broadband internet development continued at EU level with an increase of 19,23%during July 2007-July 2008.
Volume of investment can reach a reduction because of the current economic crisis; The lack of a common approach at government level for implementing projects,
and increase of economy's competitiveness), by encouraging those activities that may lead to reducing the areas identified as failure zones.
To this purpose a Working group shall be set up consisting of representatives of the Ministry of Communication and Information Society, Ministry of Education, Research and Innovation, Ministery of Administration and Internal Affairs, Ministry of Public Finance, Ministry of Economy
Parliament of Romania Chamber of deputies COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS Third Parliamentary Forum on Shaping the Information Society ICT and the Global Economic crisis:
Current Situation and Future Perspectives 3-5 may 2010 Geneva, Switzerland 1. The global economic crisis and ICT The financial crisis has affected not only financial institutions but also governments at all levels, companies and consumers throughout the world.
In these challenging times of global economic crisis, the extraordinary capacity of ICT to drive growth
but also in sustaining national competitiveness in the medium to long term. 1 2 ICT will continue spreading its revolutionary power to modernize economies
and social divides within their territories and vis-à-vis more advanced economies. The development of the information society should be considered as a challenge
as for most countries of the world, a strategic sector of the national economy. The scale of investment in this field
especially the rapid expansion and ability to induce a multiplying effect on economic growth, particularly through the great potential of fostering the development of other sectors,
and a way to exceed economic crisis by creating jobs. Although the broadband infrastructure in Romania is developed well in major cities due to private investment,
Reactions of consumers, industry stakeholders and policy experts will help the Commission to decide whether to submit new proposals for legislation on universal service obligations in the telecommunications sector by the end of 2010.
and support services for the Information Society Dissemination of public and economic contents Increased use of electronic public services in education Adapting training to the needs of the economy Facilitating access to justice through electronic public services Tourism potential
the economy achieved is approximately 17.2 million RON. The percentage of online procedures carried out by contracting authorities also increased by 500%from 3. 25%to 15
The insularity and lack of soil are peculiarities of the region that marke in a special way its economy.
Regional sheets of the New Economy. N-economy. The equipment and use of ICT in households, has increased in Balearic islands in the last years.
Source: Regional sheets of the New Economy. Baleares. N-Economics. June 2012
The Smart Grids Debate in Europe Essential for the transformation of the European energy system, deserving more attention and transparency SEFEP working paper November 2012 Ruggero Schleicher--Tappeser The EU
Smart Grids Debate 2 Table of contents Executive Summary...4 1 Introduction...6 2 Framing the issue:
Why smart grids are important for the transformation of the system 7 3 The debate has reached a new stage the evolution of the smart grid concept...
13 4. 3 Main Stakeholders present in the debates at EU level...17 5 The discussion in EU member states...
working on technology policies with the Institute for Ecological Economics IÖW, in Germany. 1989--2004 he was founder and director of the EURES Institute for Regional Studies in Europe, Freiburg i. Br.
Different groups of stakeholders have different, although mostly not explicit, visions of the future system.
and to a large extent distributed electricity generation with high upfront and no marginal costs into a reliable energy system and energy markets made even more difficult by the accelerated shift of the transport sector to electricity (e--mobility).
the different policy threads and forums as well as the active stakeholders in the discussion on smart grids at the EU level,
growing energy demand, globalisation, increasing fossil fuel costs and a new awareness for the risks of nuclear power, the use of renewable energies has been supported by a growing range of stakeholders
Different stakeholders in different countries with different structures of the energy sector emphasise different aspects
Across all stakeholders there seems to be a growing acknowledgement that the present definition of roles
since a series of hurdles have prevented demand response measures from competing with the electricity generation. 32 Research activities Another important forum of discussion between a wide range of stakeholders is the Smart Grids
Members of the Smartgrids ETP represent a wide range of stakeholders. 34 Its mission, however, includes ensuring that the Platform's strategy remains consistent with EU policy.
DG INFSO regularly organises EC--Telecom--Utility workshops. 4. 3 Main Stakeholders present in the debates at EU level In the different boards
and committees of the activities discussed in the previous section a wide range of stakeholders are represented.
This overview on the major stakeholders involved shows that overall, the directly interested industry is represented very well with the exception of the renewable energy industry
the e--Energy programme of the Ministry for Economy 55 has produced a series of pilot projects
India and South korea where grid development has difficulties to keep up with high growth rates of the economies have started to look at smart grid technologies before they were concerned about the transition towards high shares of renewables.
but also involving a range of other stakeholders is the Global Smart Grid Federation69 (4) Not to be underestimated are the international standardisation organisations70:
not all stakeholders share this vision. When consumers start to produce their own electricity and start to shift their loads so as to maxim--ise their economic advantage,
Across the large range of different stakeholders different models are being proposed and discussed. One of the hottest issues is who will handle
and transparency of the process Even the stakeholders more directly involved only have started to acknowledge the profound transformation of the energy sector required by the transition to renewable energies,
the difficulty of fully understanding the issues at stake for the own interest group or for society as a whole, by the broad public and also for many of the stakeholders involved cultural gaps between policy and market specialists on one side and technicians
of the stakeholders involved and, most important, their positions a difficulty to understand the importance
and the implications of the standards and codes being developed in a range of procedures as well as for many stakeholders the cultural reluctance
and the lack of resources to be involved more in these detailed issues Not all stakeholders are unhappy with this lack of transparency.
transparency of the processes and of the viewpoints of the different stakeholders involved, raising awareness for the issues and interests at stake, facilitating discussions between the different professional, sectoral and national perspectives and cultures
could be a more detailed mapping of activities, stakeholders, positions and suggestions. A key difficulty is the accessibility of technical debates for non--technicians.
The EU Smart Grids Debate 33 Different groups of stakeholders have different, although mostly not explicit, ideas of the functioning logic of the future system.
Making the World Economy Survive on Renewable Energies. Inwind Chronicle, New delhi Vol. 5, No. 4, 13--17.
*Full professor of Applied Economics, University of Basque Country (infyde@infyde. eu)**Phd Researcher, INFYDE (jonatanpaton@infyde. eu)**CEO, INFYDE (belenbarroeta@infyde. eu
It can be summarized as the prioritizing that takes place at a territorial level in economic activities,
The prioritization in a limited number of areas (technological domains, scientific areas and economic activities) where the region is competitive.
what kind of agglomeration economies to exploit (Frenken et al. 2007): location economies (promoting sectorial specialization; urbanization economies (promoting sectorial diversification)
or related variety exploitation (finding a balance between the above two above). In this context, a strategy for smart specialization may focus on seeking specialized diversification behind the related variety of a given territory.
Therefore, the processes for elaborating a RIS3 not only may encounter difficulties in terms of how to identify
Specialised diversification Exploitation of regional related variety Take into account that the horizontal specialization will contribute to the rest of the economy (knock-on effects) Exploiting the possibilities of regional related diversity can lead to radical innovation
and"rethinking"of the economy. A high specialization also brings further weakness to potential crisis, technical changes and cycles.
Global context Coherence of priorities and the process in the frame of an open economy A"global"dimension of governance will allow the prioritized specialization to be consistent in the global context.
The approach of governance in an open economy is still not widespread although its success depends on its ability to generate interregional cooperation.
RIS3 seems to have prioritized sectors with a very clear share in total economy (agro industry, automotive, tourism and experience) and others with positive international trends (energy, eco industries, health and wellness and ICT.
the open economy dimension of the strategies (e g. collaboration potential with other Spanish regions but also through Europe).
Journal of Business and Economics Del Castillo, J. & Paton, J. 2012. Entrepreneurial discovery process in the Basque Country:
Knowledge Economists Policy Brief 9 june 2009. Frenken, K.;Van Oort, F. G. & Verburg, T. 2007.
Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies 41 (5): 685 97. http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/00343400601120296 IPTS (2012) Guide to research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation
Bilbao. 9th conference developments in Economic theory and policy EHU/Cambridge. June 2012. Paton, J. 2013) Smart Specialisation and RIS3:
1593-0319 43 Technopolis (2006) Strategic Evaluation on Innovation and the knowledge based economy in relation to the Structural and Cohesion Funds, for the programming period 2007-2013.
when identifying cluster in US and Europe 7 www. clusterobservatory. eu 8 no differences between regions with urbanization economies from those characterized by specialisation economies 9 Key Enabling Technologies known as nanotechnology,
however by the slowdown of the Spanish economy and its impact on the public and private spending in R i
Funds), Economy and Rural Development (FEADER) Strong involvement of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, participation of the State Secretary for Research and Innovation in an event organized in Zaragoza on October 30th, 2012
Four meeting of information of stakeholders in July (economic and social partners, research, innovation, education) Aragon on the S3 platform Sevilla Meeting S3 platform Core working group Ministry
of Industry & Innovation Involvement of all Ministries of Government and stakeholders Basic document analysis of regional potential Basic document SWOT.
Meeting with stakeholders: Vision and challenges Future global vision Meeting with EC's adviser Meeting with stakeholders.
Selection of priorities. Policy mix: roadmap and action plan Integration of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms Approval by Aragonese Gov and EC RIS 3 participation process Priorities Suggested during the 30.10 event,
which is planning the Goverment's economic policy. Main objectives: The structuring of the territory, through infrastructure and telecommunications services Integration of ICT in enterprises Knowledge transfer Boost of egovernment and open Government More challenging over the whole territory,
and ministry's level A good dialogue with all stakeholders Establish a strong monitoring process of the RIS 3. Friendly questions for discussion Issues
A common vision with all stakeholders in the long term Good alignment of Aragon's RIS3 with funds available in the frame of the priorities for Research and Innovation In which areas do need you new ideas
According to the Report of the Industrial Sector of Asturias (IDEPA December 2012), Asturias has diversified a economic structure in which the service sector, making a great importance with a weight of 63%of the regional economy.
accounting for a 21.78%of the regional economy in 2011. Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 4 In comparison with Spain, the weight of the industrial sector in Asturias is significantly higher than nationwide (about 5%higher.
Both in Asturias and Spain there has been a widespread decrease of economic activity, with the construction sector most affected with a reduction in employment of around 40%.
In view of the above data the main features of the Asturian economy and more specifically of its industrial sector would be the following:
a) Low level of technological innovation in relation to the Spanish average. b) High concentration of economic activity in the industrial sector. c) Strong presence of foreign industrial investment with decision
To conclude this brief introduction to the Asturian economy, we will observe the status in Asturias accordding the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2012.
of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 12 3 Report following the Guidance for expert assessment After the introduction to the Asturias economy
now we will follow the Guidance for expert assessment as a guide to answer different questions related with the innovation strategy process now in progress in Asturias. 1. Is the strategy based on appropriate stakeholder involvement?
The communication process to stakeholders and the general public, the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from critical groups
and sistematicaly deploy a communication strategy directed to all stakeholders and also to the regional public opinion.
process to stakeholders and the general public, the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from critical groups
a communication strategy directed to all stakeholders and also to the regional public opinion. However, the process is in the right way and,
Cantabria's economy is based mainly in industry, services and tourism. Research and Innovation RI funds in 2009 Cantabria dedicated 149 M€ to RI. 1. 1%of GDI dedicated to RI in Cantabria.
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin of sport, que propone una operación estadística
inversiones en prioridades ación basada en la práctica, y pretenden estimular la involucrados (stakeholders) y promueven la Castilla-La Mancha
The modernization of the structure of the region is reflected in the loss of weight of the agrarian sector and the process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy.
Background document 3 1. 3 Labour market evolution Due to the important rates of growth of our economy,
unemployment rate has been affected by the economic crisis, with a rate of 19.7%in 2012. Although it is a negative indicator, the value remains 5%below the national average,
Clusters with historic relevance in the employment and economy of Castilla y León, now under restructuration Automotive Agro-food Tourism Wood and forniture Natural stone Fashion-textile Oncology
but during the past 3 years the economic crisis had a dramatic impact on this indicator,
of Castilla y León 3 Evolution of economic growth and convergence with the European union 4 B SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
The modernization of the structure of the region is reflected in the loss of weight of the agrarian sector and the process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy.
) in Castilla y León between 2000 and 2008 has been higher than the average growth of the European economy,
Figure 2. Annual economic growth rate in Castilla y León, Spain and Europe. Gross Value Added at basic prices EU (27 countries) Spain Castilla y León 543210-1-2-3-4-5 BC 004 The modernization
whose mission was studying the causes of a growing gap in R&d efforts between Europe and the United states and its impact on economic growth.
which hold less weight in the economy: industry and energy with 19.8%,construction holding 8. 4,
where usage data and ICT availability continue to be low with minor annual economic growth. In 2012, specifically, only 68%of companies with fewer than 10 employees had compared computers with 71.6%at the national level.
Companies Lack of network capillarity in the region for companies and economic activities related to ICT and excessive disintegration of projects.
Castilla y León's economic specialisation pattern is defined by six large macro-activities that make up 59%of our economy and meet diverse criteria:
such as mobile applications and technology, cyber security, Big data, Internet of the Future, Cloud computing, all of which are crosscutting technologies for any economic activity
that potentially allow for generating new economic activity and an innovative expansion, starting from development of existing internal resources.
Beginning with the regional specialisation, boosting both existing economic activities and generation of new activities through diversification is sought.
Entrepreneurial innovation and a competitive economy. P2. Excellent science and technological leadership. P3. Internationalization. P4.
AND INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR SMART SPECIALISATION (RIS3) OF CASTILLA Y LEON 2014-2020 PROGRAMME 1. ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION AND A COMPETITIVE ECONOMY Programme 1 is focused on responding to the need to boost competitiveness
and the importance of generating new economic activities, especially such activities that are linked to the region and those that,
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. 5 European Statistics Office. 6 Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Information Society.
Employment and sustainable economic growth Social and territorial cohesion Improved quality of life 7 Introduction of Castilla y León's work on research and innovation (III) 8 Coordinator:
I, GR, DE, F, UK) 18 Economic activity Castilla y León position in EU 257 Automotive, components and equipment 60 Agribusiness.:
traceability & coherence Employment & sustainable economic growth Social & territorial cohesion Quality of life Cooperation Open innovation (business) Research platforms (critical mass) Identiaication of companies'needs
capital Main objectives of RIS3 21 Priorities SCIENTIFIC AREAS TECHNOLOGY DOMAINS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Medicine Agriculture, Biology & Veterinary Chemistry Engineering Advanced materials (incl
and Implementation Plan ECONOMIC PATTERN Economic activities AUTOMOTIVE & TRANSPORT Clusters & leading companies FACYL, Cluster CBECYL Renault, Nissam, Michelin, IVECO, Grupo Antolín, Nicolas Correa
38 5. 2 The stakeholders engagement challenge...39 5. 3 The‘policy mix challenge'..'40 5. 4 Multilevel governance challenge...
a review of the relevant academic and policy literature, contributions from two workshops with academic colleagues and feedback from regional stakeholders attending the Smartspec kick off conference in Brussels in November 2013.
there is little systematic exploration about their potential for different sectors and areas and its implication for economy and society (Leitner, et al,
To date the RIS process has predominantly been concerned with science and technology innovation (STI) and with economic growth.
and that these have potential economic growth impacts. Second, it recognises the importance of the social in the innovation process and as a good in itself.
and within different EU and national/regional policies and should ensure greater involvement of all stakeholders in the innovation process (Foray, et al, 2012).
foster comprehensive stakeholder involvement and encourage governance innovation and experimentation; are based evidence and include sound monitoring and evaluation systems (Foray, et al, 2012).
So social innovation is invoked in already under-conceptualised areas such as‘social inclusion',‘the social economy'‘
that is to say about constructing alternative economic spaces to the dominant neoliberal market paradigm, drawing on community, social economy and diverse economy traditions?(
and stakeholders who have a vested interest in solving a social problem, and empowers the beneficiaries.
Here the accusation is that the study overemphasises social innovation as an instrumental approach to stimulating economic growth
Sociology, urban studies, planning, community economics, social policy; social economy often action focused Market values (with public support) Social values (with public support) Wealth creation/economic growth Social wealth creation/Resource distribution Efficient
socioeconomic arrangements Fair socioeconomic arrangements STI-bias Critical of STI-bias Social market/neoliberal models of capitalism Going beyond‘dominant capitalist
and market discourses'/alternative economies Top-down and technocratic Grassroots/bottom up Economic and innovation funding (e g.,
'From the RIS side, S3 seeks to enrol a broader range of stakeholders, including citizens in the regional innovation design process.
1) across all stakeholders and at all territorial levels. We emphasise‘all'for two reasons. First, although our research principally focuses on the public sector, users and citizens,
and social enterprises, other stakeholders such as the private sector and‘knowledge institutions'will also have to change.
and innovations to diffuse broadly across sectors of the economy. It does this by rallying existing innovation networks
or by facilitating the development of new ones that bring together a diverse group of stakeholders.
and in shaping the institutional and legal context to stimulate open innovation practices in an economy (de Jong, et al, 2010: 892).
3. 3 The involvement of civil society, users and citizens New collective experimentations involving multiple stakeholders,
particularly in relation to pubic good services would seek to enrol NGOS as a stakeholder in the construction of strategies,
bringing knowledge regarding the interface between the market and the social economy and between the state/public sector and the social economy,
uncoordinated experiments involving various stakeholders in different learning spaces in and beyond Europe (OECD, 2011: 11).
stating that the process of‘entrepreneurial search'should foster stakeholder engagement (private sector, public sector 20 http://s3platform. jrc. ec. europa. eu/map Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:
The idea of collaborative partnerships in regional economic policy is not, of course, new. The best known model for such arrangements is perhaps the‘Triple Helix,
Failing to mobilise innovation to address some of the issues that affect populations at the global and local level has very high opportunity costs.
For example, the disconnection between economic growth and well-being, referred to in the OECD, is explained perhaps better by the secular trend towards the redistribution of wealth from the poor,
The figure does not give a flavour of potential multi-stakeholder processes which may be brought to bear.
the process is advanced most in western economies and Europe has the oldest population of all global regions,
thus freeing up younger people for employment in the formal economy. A cadre of volunteers will also be essential to some of the social innovations envisaged by policymakers (CEC, 2012d.
One estimate puts the current European‘silver economy'at €3trn30. In addition there 28 http://www. who. int/ageing/age friendly cities network/en/29 http://europa. eu/ey2012/ey2012main. jsp?
including rapidly developing and‘newly rich'economies. This presents market opportunities for new products. For example, global spending on drugs is expected soon to exceed $1tn (FT,
see, for example, New Economics. http://www. neweconomics. org/teams/entry/valuing-what-matters 35 Cities for Active Inclusion:
New Economics. http://www. neweconomics. org/teams/entry/valuing-whatmatters Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:
the prioritization challenge, stakeholders engagement challenge, the policy mix challenge, multilevel governance challenge, the cross-border collaboration challenge, the smart policy-making challenge,
There is not a single regional stakeholder who will ever oppose the sturdy notion of focusing public resources on action with strong added value until final beneficiaries are chosen EURADA (2011: 10.
Of course, this would need to be preceded by a collaborative process of‘entrepreneurial and social'discovery. 5. 2 The stakeholders engagement challenge In Sections 3 and 4 of this reflections paper we emphasised the collaborative nature of new innovation processes
Most of these barriers relate to the multidimensional and multi-stakeholder nature of social challenges.
these changes will also require greater involvement of stakeholders who can introduce the necessary capabilities and interests in research and innovation to address social challenges (OECD, 2011: 10).
2008), who set a high premium on the role of what we might call the mundane economy.
The concept of the mundane economy embraces sectors that loom large in meeting core human needs-such as health education, food, water, housing, energy, social care and the like
Although the mundane sectors used to be classified as part of the non-tradeable part of the economy,
for example, are now burgeoning parts of the knowledge economy in most OECD countries. In other words, it is possible for the mundane economy to be represented universally in every region,
so as to meet an array of social and ecological needs, and for each region to develop some aspect of these sectors in a more specialised
S3 seeks to enrol a broader range of stakeholders, including citizens in the regional innovation design process.
users and citizens (civic stakeholders for short) is belatedly being recognised as an important source of social innovation, especially in the public social services,
the role of civic stakeholders is also being recognised as an important source of new forms of collaborative innovation within the dominant STI paradigm (CEC,
) In other words, the involvement of civic stakeholders is deemed to be important not merely to the meeting of social needs on the SI side,
We sought to visualise the dual role of civic stakeholders in Figure 4. 3, where we outlined a picture of the elderly cluster,
The involvement of civic stakeholders will be important to both sides of the regional amalgam the universal/social as well as the specialised/economic because,
However, we highlighted two major dangers with the involvement of civic stakeholders-the problems of participation and power.
WP2 Embracing Social Innovation Page 46 if the insiders of the Triple Helix are not to exercise a veto over the involvement of civic stakeholders. 6. 4 Social Enterprise Social innovation is equated often (wrongly with
Either way, the social enterprise sector will be faced with a new combination of opportunities (for economic growth)
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