project number POSDRU/159/1. 5/S/142115 Performance and excellence in doctoral and postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domain.
International Review of Economics and Finance, 19,180-188. Hausmann, R.,Hidalgo, C a.,Bustos, S.,Coscia, M.,Chung, S.,Jimenez, J. et al,(2011.
Journal of Comparative Economics, 39,176-190. Martinez-Roman, J. A.,Gamero, J.,Tamayo, J. A. 2011.
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region (2009)..23 Figure 9:
and on facilitating the development of new economic activities through entrepreneurship and experimentation. 1 II. Romania's West Region is developing a smart specialization strategy
Since the late 1990s the region has experienced rapid economic growth, which has delivered rising real wages and commensurate improvements in productivity.
Regional development has been unbalanced somewhat, with significant territorial disparities and a high concentration of economic activity and exports.
Second, economic activity is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half the region's turnover and employment
Smart specialization policies should follow a knowledge-driven approach to economic growth that: builds on existing comparative advantages;
and promotes a larger contribution of the knowledge factor to economic growth. 2 3. Against this backdrop,
iii) evaluated the linkages between economic activity, trade and location in order to identify the challenges of further developing
3 The data refers to 2011 indicators 4 Economic activity rate (2011); Source: Eurostat 5 Data for 2010;
This policy provides a framework for financing a wide range of projects and investments with the aim of encouraging economic growth in EU Member States and their regions. 17.
The region has experienced rapid economic growth which has delivered rising real wages, supported by commensurate improvements in productivity. 33.
and thus continued high economic growth. 15 Source: Eurostat; calculated as the ratio of utilized agricultural area (UAA) to total area, 2009.16 Turnock, D. 2001.
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region (2009) Source: Calculations based on data from INS:
suggesting that economic growth is likely to be balanced more, i e. evenly spread among different parts of the economy.
World bank staff calculation based on SBS data III. 2. Main challenges Fruits of economic growth were distributed not evenly across the region 45.
The fruits of economic growth and convergence with Europe were distributed not evenly across the region. Already substantial inequalities in economic and social outcomes were exacerbated sharply over the past decade.
Income disparities are linked to the concentration of population and economic activity in the main urban areas. While the cities of Arad (and its eastern and western fringes) and Timi oara concentrate the region's population,
and Vulcan account for relatively less economic activity than their population would suggest. Overall, value added per capita in the urban localities of the West Region stood in 2010 almost 2. 4 times greater than that in rural localities. 47.
Institute of National Statistics Economic activity is concentrated increasingly by sector, firm size and firm ownership 56.
Economic activity in the West Region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half of the region's turnover and employment25.
and 55%of employment in 2010 and the concentration of the West Region economic activity around them has increased between 2008 and 2010.26 25 Sectors are defined as 2-digit groups according to the NACE Rev 2 classification. 26 Drawing on the World bank
and on facilitating the development of new economic activities through measures which support entrepreneurship and experimentation,
since the role of a smart specialization strategy is to promote the role of the knowledge factor in economic growth,
but not to focus on specific economic activities. 81. Each cluster has its own constraints and specificities that will shape the future development of specialization niches.
The rates of activity for the construction sector have decreased steadily since 2008 as a result of the economic crisis.
As a consequence, this section highlights the perception of the private sector on the main bottlenecks for economic growth.
Moreover, the goal of a smart specialization strategy is to expand the role of knowledge and innovation in economic growth,
strengths and opportunities for the region Weaknesses Strengths Potential Solutions General Fruits of economic growth not distributed evenly across the region (income,
such as technical and education Economic activity is concentrated increasingly by sector, firm size and firm ownership Export performance is concentrated very in EU markets
and give them a real economic value by integrating them into attractive tourism circuits. The local administration can identify
Due in part to these advantages, the region has experienced rapid economic growth which has delivered rising real wages,
Third, economic activity in the region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half of the region's turnover and employment
and promotes a larger contribution of the knowledge factor to economic growth. 194. The identification of the region's comparative advantage assumes a key role in the design of a strategy for smart specialization.
High-tech Gründerfonds is funded through a PPP between the German federal government (Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology), the Kfw and German industry (ALTANA, BASF, B. Braun, Robert Bosch, CEWE Color
The detailed analysis performed at the level of the West Regions revealed some territorial characteristics either of concentration of economic activity, as it is Timisoara-Arad conurbation,
in order to facilitate commuting towards the areas with higher concentration of economic activities. Integrated Territorial Investment Jiu Valley.
In order to exploit their potential with a view of promoting economic growth in the region, the following priorities can be identified in a common development strategy at the level of the two counties:
In achieving the fundamental objectives of Lisbon Strategy sustaining economic growth and creation of new working places one of the main instruments identified was the development of a knowledge based economy corroborated with incentives for the IT and communications sector (ICT).
despite the diminishing of economic growth perspectives in general, broadband internet development continued at EU level with an increase of 19,23%during July 2007-July 2008.
Volume of investment can reach a reduction because of the current economic crisis; The lack of a common approach at government level for implementing projects,
Parliament of Romania Chamber of deputies COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIONS Third Parliamentary Forum on Shaping the Information Society ICT and the Global Economic crisis:
Current Situation and Future Perspectives 3-5 may 2010 Geneva, Switzerland 1. The global economic crisis and ICT The financial crisis has affected not only financial institutions but also governments at all levels, companies and consumers throughout the world.
In these challenging times of global economic crisis, the extraordinary capacity of ICT to drive growth
especially the rapid expansion and ability to induce a multiplying effect on economic growth, particularly through the great potential of fostering the development of other sectors,
and a way to exceed economic crisis by creating jobs. Although the broadband infrastructure in Romania is developed well in major cities due to private investment,
N-Economics. June 2012
The Smart Grids Debate in Europe Essential for the transformation of the European energy system, deserving more attention and transparency SEFEP working paper November 2012 Ruggero Schleicher--Tappeser The EU
working on technology policies with the Institute for Ecological Economics IÖW, in Germany. 1989--2004 he was founder and director of the EURES Institute for Regional Studies in Europe, Freiburg i. Br.
*Full professor of Applied Economics, University of Basque Country (infyde@infyde. eu)**Phd Researcher, INFYDE (jonatanpaton@infyde. eu)**CEO, INFYDE (belenbarroeta@infyde. eu
It can be summarized as the prioritizing that takes place at a territorial level in economic activities,
The prioritization in a limited number of areas (technological domains, scientific areas and economic activities) where the region is competitive.
Journal of Business and Economics Del Castillo, J. & Paton, J. 2012. Entrepreneurial discovery process in the Basque Country:
Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies 41 (5): 685 97. http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/00343400601120296 IPTS (2012) Guide to research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation
Bilbao. 9th conference developments in Economic theory and policy EHU/Cambridge. June 2012. Paton, J. 2013) Smart Specialisation and RIS3:
which is planning the Goverment's economic policy. Main objectives: The structuring of the territory, through infrastructure and telecommunications services Integration of ICT in enterprises Knowledge transfer Boost of egovernment and open Government More challenging over the whole territory,
Both in Asturias and Spain there has been a widespread decrease of economic activity, with the construction sector most affected with a reduction in employment of around 40%.
a) Low level of technological innovation in relation to the Spanish average. b) High concentration of economic activity in the industrial sector. c) Strong presence of foreign industrial investment with decision
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin of sport, que propone una operación estadística
unemployment rate has been affected by the economic crisis, with a rate of 19.7%in 2012. Although it is a negative indicator, the value remains 5%below the national average,
but during the past 3 years the economic crisis had a dramatic impact on this indicator,
of Castilla y León 3 Evolution of economic growth and convergence with the European union 4 B SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
Figure 2. Annual economic growth rate in Castilla y León, Spain and Europe. Gross Value Added at basic prices EU (27 countries) Spain Castilla y León 543210-1-2-3-4-5 BC 004 The modernization
whose mission was studying the causes of a growing gap in R&d efforts between Europe and the United states and its impact on economic growth.
where usage data and ICT availability continue to be low with minor annual economic growth. In 2012, specifically, only 68%of companies with fewer than 10 employees had compared computers with 71.6%at the national level.
Companies Lack of network capillarity in the region for companies and economic activities related to ICT and excessive disintegration of projects.
such as mobile applications and technology, cyber security, Big data, Internet of the Future, Cloud computing, all of which are crosscutting technologies for any economic activity
that potentially allow for generating new economic activity and an innovative expansion, starting from development of existing internal resources.
Beginning with the regional specialisation, boosting both existing economic activities and generation of new activities through diversification is sought.
and the importance of generating new economic activities, especially such activities that are linked to the region and those that,
Employment and sustainable economic growth Social and territorial cohesion Improved quality of life 7 Introduction of Castilla y León's work on research and innovation (III) 8 Coordinator:
I, GR, DE, F, UK) 18 Economic activity Castilla y León position in EU 257 Automotive, components and equipment 60 Agribusiness.:
traceability & coherence Employment & sustainable economic growth Social & territorial cohesion Quality of life Cooperation Open innovation (business) Research platforms (critical mass) Identiaication of companies'needs
capital Main objectives of RIS3 21 Priorities SCIENTIFIC AREAS TECHNOLOGY DOMAINS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Medicine Agriculture, Biology & Veterinary Chemistry Engineering Advanced materials (incl
and Implementation Plan ECONOMIC PATTERN Economic activities AUTOMOTIVE & TRANSPORT Clusters & leading companies FACYL, Cluster CBECYL Renault, Nissam, Michelin, IVECO, Grupo Antolín, Nicolas Correa
To date the RIS process has predominantly been concerned with science and technology innovation (STI) and with economic growth.
and that these have potential economic growth impacts. Second, it recognises the importance of the social in the innovation process and as a good in itself.
Here the accusation is that the study overemphasises social innovation as an instrumental approach to stimulating economic growth
Sociology, urban studies, planning, community economics, social policy; social economy often action focused Market values (with public support) Social values (with public support) Wealth creation/economic growth Social wealth creation/Resource distribution Efficient
socioeconomic arrangements Fair socioeconomic arrangements STI-bias Critical of STI-bias Social market/neoliberal models of capitalism Going beyond‘dominant capitalist
The idea of collaborative partnerships in regional economic policy is not, of course, new. The best known model for such arrangements is perhaps the‘Triple Helix,
For example, the disconnection between economic growth and well-being, referred to in the OECD, is explained perhaps better by the secular trend towards the redistribution of wealth from the poor,
see, for example, New Economics. http://www. neweconomics. org/teams/entry/valuing-what-matters 35 Cities for Active Inclusion:
New Economics. http://www. neweconomics. org/teams/entry/valuing-whatmatters Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:
Either way, the social enterprise sector will be faced with a new combination of opportunities (for economic growth)
Joint Report prepared by the European commission (DG ECFIN) and the Economic policy Committee (AWG. Available at:
But for economic growth and adaptation, it is vital to have incremental innovation from the broader bulk of SMES as well
148 SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation OECD 2010 15 Executive Summary Innovation is one of the most fundamental processes underpinning economic growth, the driver of growth in output per unit of labour
Many empirical studies have shown the aggregate relationships between entrepreneurship and SME activity and economic growth and job creation.
and business start-up rates are associated with more rapid economic growth (Audretsch and Thurik, 2001; Audretsch and Keilbach, 2005;
and economic crisis since it is clear that policies enabling innovation in new and small businesses will have benefits not just for improving products
This is what is seen now generally by economists to be the major factor behind the bulk of economic growth, the growth that is not due to additions to capital and labour stocks.
Some of the ideas driving economic growth may be the result of scientific breakthroughs in large firms and universities,
because the services sector has seen a dramatic rise in its share of economic value added in recent years (rising for example from 55%to 70%of Japanese
the discussion has been oriented implicitly around the creation of economic value added. But a further ramification of a broader notion of innovation is need the to consider its social contribution.
But state budgets are not keeping pace with the growing needs and expectations, particularly with the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis,
although Drucker's main focus is more on firm strategy and competitiveness than aggregate economic growth.
Like Schumpeter, Baumol (2002) adopts a dynamic framework examining the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth.
Entrepreneurs are those persons (business owners) who seek to generate value, through the creation or expansion of economic activity,
Entrepreneurial activity is the enterprising human action in pursuit of the generation of value, through the creation or expansion of economic activity,
It is oriented this innovation activity that promotes economic growth and solves social problems. In order to understand more fully how start-up enterprises
thus increasing the average productivity of the economy and driving economic growth. There is also an indirect impact,
which many economists understand economic growth. Investments in new knowledge are seen to spill over in part to other agents,
and economic growth through their role in promoting knowledge spillovers. The relationship may involve not just the role of new start-ups in exploiting knowledge themselves but also the role of new enterprises and SMES as participants in knowledge exchange networks within innovation systems, stimulating knowledge transfers from universities and other
Furthermore, the process of creative destruction is pronounced most in periods of economic crisis and recovery, as the global economy is 1. INTRODUCTION SMES,
the Knowledge Filter and Entrepreneurship in Endogenous Growth, Centre for Economic policy Research Discussion Paper No. 4783, Centre for Economic policy Research:
An Empirical Assessment, Centre for Economic policy Research Discussion Paper 5409, Centre for Economic policy Research, London.
and B. Carlsson (2009), The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 15-30.
Audretsch, D.,M. Keilbach and E. Lehmann (2006), Entrepreneurship and Economic growth, Oxford university Press, Oxford. Audretsch D. and R. Thurik (2001), Linking Entrepreneurship to Growth, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working papers, 2001/2, OECD, Paris. Audretsch, D. and R. Thurik (2004
Factor Productivity and the Role of Entrepreneurship, Jena Economic Research Papers 2008-19, Friedrich Schiller University and the Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena.
Henrekson, M. and D. Johansson (2008), Gazelles as Job Creators A Survey and Interpretation of the Evidence, IFN Working Paper 733, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm.
and Financing, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 55-65.
Firm Formation and Economic growth Paper No. 1, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, WASHINGTON DC. Stuart, T. 2000), Inter-organisational Alliances and the Performance of Firms:
Entrepreneurship, Economic growth, and Policy, in Z. Acs, D. Audretsch and R. Strom (eds.),Entrepreneurship, Growth,
The dataset follows the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 3 for the classification of economic activities (see Annex 2. A1.
2010 Chile As a part of the government strategy to promote economic growth a National Innovation for Competitiveness Council (CNIC) was established in 2005.
Both programmes have contributed to enhancing the resilience of Indonesia's SMES, faced with the economic crisis of 1998 and the financial crises of 2009.
Two distinct types of map were calculated for each distribution of US firms by economic activity. The first type illustrates the basic characteristics of firm spatial distribution based on quantiles;
b) an economic growth indicator (average rate of turnover; c) an employment growth indicator (average rate of employment growth;
E 144 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 The role of local knowledge flows for spatial agglomerations and local innovation systems The above section illustrated the phenomenon of spatial clustering of economic activity
) For instance, Feldman and Audretsch (1999) find that the diversity among complementary economic activities with a common science base is more conducive to innovation in terms of returns to R&d investments than narrow sector specialisation.
Acs, Z.,D. Audretsch and M. Feldman (1994), R&d Spillovers and Recipient Firm Size, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 336-340.
Auerswald, P. 2007), The Simple Economics of Technology Entrepreneurship: Market Failure Reconsidered, in D. Audretsch,
Drucker, P. 1985), Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Harper collins, New york. Duranton, G. and D. Puga (2005), From Sectoral to Functional Urban Specialisation, Journal of Urban Economics, Vol
Jaffe, A m. Trajtenberg and R. Henderson (1993), Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 577-598.
, R. 2002), The Rise of the Creative Class, Basic books, New york. Lazear, E. 2005), Entrepreneurship, Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 649-680.
and can consider all sectors of economic activity. There are no exclusion thresholds in terms of enterprise size, unless national limitations reduce the coverage of administrative data sources.
or administrative location of the company as a proxy for the place where the company concentrates its economic activity.
or legal headquarters may diverge from the place where it carries out its core economic activities.
turnover, employees, value added) by classification variables (economic activity, firm size and location. Such a deviation potentially generates biased economic indicators.
and change most especially in a time of economic crisis and a renewed or new approach, not only to the new social challenges but also to the old ones that have not yet been met successfully.
and in entrepreneurship, both commercial (for-profit businesses pursuing as a primary objective economic value and its appropriation) and social (primarily aiming at addressing and satisfying unmet social needs,
2006). 2. is shaped social entrepreneurship by social value rather than economic value? The answer would be that,
and social entrepreneurship is that the economic value serves social objectives. In this sense, social entrepreneurship creates blended value that consists of economic, social and environmental value components (Emerson,
Social innovation The financial and economic crisis makes creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular even more important to foster sustainable growth, secure jobs and boost competitiveness.
The Bank has developed also an economic system that has an alternative micro credit line (for producers and consumers
in order to increase growth in some priority areas as a response to the economic crisis. EUR 35 billion will be invested by the state
namely enterprising human action in pursuit of the generation of value through the creation or expansion of economic activity by identifying
It requires further decoupling of environmental impacts from economic growth, and greening of consumption and production patterns,
Green growth means making investment in the environment a new source of economic growth. Green jobsjobs that contribute to protecting the environment
cdepartment of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK (Received 10 april 2013; final version received 28 august 2013) Social innovation discourses see in social challenges opportunities to make societies more sustainable and cohesive through inclusive practices, coproduction and proactive grassroots initiatives.
The economic crisis hit vulnerable people particularly hard. Unemployment is acute among young people. Over one in two people aged 15 24 are out of work in Spain and Greece;
progress in nations where the benefits of economic growth accrue to all (Friedman 2006). In contrast, declining living standards for the majority and the lack of employment opportunities for young people are two of the foundations of the renewed spectre of political extremism
and the skills gap may offer routes to inclusion, economic activity and financial independence for the most disadvantaged groups in the population.
We move on to the broader economy and economic policy. Some social innovation can be and is delivered in the framework of the market.
The neoliberal economic paradigm argues in general that markets are placed best to deliver economic growth and widespread prosperity.
Advocates of social innovation argue that societal challenges offer new opportunities for economic growth. Key growth sectors for many European economies in the coming years will be health education and social care (Mulgan et al. 2007.
legal provisions) work to encourage social innovation that will deliver on its promise to create sustainable economic growth and benefit those groups of society
There is therefore an urgent need for research on the relation between social innovations and economic policy,
or impede social innovation Markets are embedded in unique national institutional arrangements, macro-level economic policy, regulatory and legal frameworks, welfare regimes and modes of production.
The Moral Consequences of Economic growth. New york: Vintage. Fromhold-Eisebith, M. 2004. Innovative Milieu and Social Capital Complementary or Redundant Concepts of Collaboration-Based Regional Development?
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Digital Networks & Social networks, isociety Alex Macgillivray, New Economics Foundation. Downey, J, . & Mcguigan, J. ed)( 1999).
Dr Lea has published in numerous journals including International Journal of Production Research, International Journal of Production Economics, Industrial Management and Data systems, Technovation,
and the 40 largest urban Mega Regions will account for 66%of global economic activity and about 85%of global technological and scientific innovation.
THE FUTURE OF ENERGY Powering the global economic growth, urbanisation and expanding populations in a sustainable manner is one of the biggest challenges and opportunities of the 21st century.
in addition to serving as a key connecting node, will also be a driver of economic growth. In fact, investments in high speed rail have been estimated to have potential to add 2 to 3%to countries'GDP growth through wealth and job creation.
despite the economic downturn, as ICT is adopted widely in all corners of society. Experts believe a new wave of big data
Kalantari 2010) particularly in economic theory (Teese 2010. The plethora of definitions poses significant challenges for understanding the essential components of a business model.
<paul. david@economics. ox. ac. uk>Understanding the Digital economy's Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth:
and, ultimately, prospects for economic growth, national security and the quality of life. Not since the opening of the atomic age, with its promises of power too cheap to meter and threats of nuclear incineration, has a technology so deeply captured the imagination of the public.
"The precipitating event in the formation of this"problematic"view of the digital information technology was an offhand (yet nonetheless pithy) remark made in the summer of 1987 by Robert Solow, Institute Professor at MIT and Economics Nobel laureate:"
and slow measured growth of total factor productivity is not a wholly new, anomalous phenomenon in the history of U s. economic growth.
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This has been a central theme in the business and economics literature on modern manufacturing at least since the 1980's. 15 The increasing proliferation of new goods and its connection with the application of computers,
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