and 10,618 companies with fewer than 10 employees, located in Spain and belonging to sections C, D e f, G h i, J, L, M, N and group 95.1, according to the National Classification of Economic activities
The sample was designed to offer results by branch of economic activity and by Autonomous Community. As regards Electronic commerce, any transaction carried out through telematic networks is considered to be as such.
project number POSDRU/159/1. 5/S/142115 Performance and excellence in doctoral and postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domain
Graphic Footprints Introd uction 9 As such, before and beyond the economic crisis, there are a broad range of social, economic, environmental and demographic pressures
It has also been noted that social innovation is often filling gaps that were deepened as a result of austerity politics in the aftermath of the economic crisis of 2007/2008.
but we could also make first steps towards reducing such complexity by identifying types of social innovations (economics, size, age, field of activity, actors involved, etc.
The Cultures of the Economic crisis. Oxford university Press: Oxford, UK. 2. TEPSIE,‘Doing Social Innovation: A Guide for Practitioners'.
The Case of the Economic crisis and the New Economy, TRANSIT working paper, TRANSIT: EU SSH. 2013.3.2-1 Grant agreement no:
highlighting those presenting important changes from the previous year and those showing the best performance in terms of R&d and economic growth over the last 10 years.
while the Scoreboard classifies companies'economic activities according to the ICB classification). Sudden changes in R&d figures may arise because a change in company accounting standards.
Becauseoftheimportanceofthesmesectorincreating economic growth, bothdevelopedanddevelopingcoun-tries areveryinterestedinfindingwaystostimulatesmes in realizinginnovations. Butinwhichwayscansmesbe helped toinnovate? Whatisthebestwayforpolicymakers to encourageinnovation? Manyeffortshavebeenmadein ARTICLEINPRESS www. elsevier. com/locate/technovation 0166-4972/$-seefrontmatter r 2008 Elsevierltd.
Paperforsymposiumon Technology Economics, 31march1988, Thehague. Forrest, J. E.,1990. Strategicalliancesandthesmalltechnology-based firm. Journalofsmallbusinessmanagement28 (3), 37 45.
and innovation are fundamental to long-term economic growth and prosperity. Some of these arguments can be traced back to economists like Joseph A Schumpeter (1883-1950) and Karl Marx (1818-1883.
and Technology Hellas/ITI, Greece daras@iti. gr 6. Athens University of Economics and Business,
measuring impacts and benefits of economic activity via integrated environmental monitoring and modeling, by managing consequences,
and by enabling novel low-impact economic activities, such as virtual industries or digital assets. In turn, ICT enables novel systems in terms of technologies
1) The study of the relationship between any sort of economic activity (here networking in the areas of Internet-based and telecommunications-based communications for a variety of lower-level network/telecommunication as well as application-based services) and the social life of user (here,
and Burkhard Stiller5 1 Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece 2 AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland 3julius-Maximilian Universität Würzburg
and Henna Warma3 1 BT Innovate & Design, UK philip. eardley@bt. com 2 Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece {kanakakis, alexkosto}@ aueb. gr
Journal of Political Economics 94,822 841 (1986) 6. Joseph, D.,Shetty, N.,Chuang, J.,Stoica, I.:
and Burkhard Stiller4 1 Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece ckalog@aueb. gr, courcou@aueb. gr, gstamoul@aueb. gr 2 University of Southampton
Instances of this tussle pattern have their roots in economics and thus are resolved typically through the process of economic equilibrium
a situation known as information asymmetry in the economic theory literature. This imbalance of power can sometimes lead to market failures,
The ETICS project (Economics and Technologies for Inter-Carrier Services) 8 studies a repurposing tussle arising
Economics, Technology and Modeling. Wiley, Chichester (2003) 7. CRAMM: http://www. cramm. com (accessed December 1, 2010) 8. ETICS:
Economics of Information security and Privacy, pp. 121 167. Springer, New york (2010) 4. Bussard, L.,Neven, G.,Preiss, F. S.:
Economics of Information security, Advances in Information security, vol. 12, pp. 129 142. Springer, New york (2004) 10.
Service provision is seen as an economic activity where generally no transfer of ownership is associated with the service itself
Knowledge, Economics and Organization. In: Mansell (ed.),The Information Society, Critical Concepts in Sociology, Routledge (2009) 6. Cordis. lu:
which states that a city may be called‘smart'when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources,
All city economic activities and utilities can be seen as innovation ecosystems in which citizens and organisations participate in the development, Fig. 1. Smart city key application areas 436 H. Schaffers et al. supply and consumption of goods and services.
Consequently, the successful development of the Smart Cities paradigm will require a unified ICT infrastructure to allow a sustainable economic growth 2,
A Dynamic Structural Analysis of Demand in a Reward Program, Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 2008, Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 109-137.14.
and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumers'Demand, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64 (May),
Scientific Papers (www. scientificpapers. org) Journal of Knowledge management, Economics and Information technology 409 Special Issue December 2013 The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized
Enterprises on Economic growth Development Author: Oncioiu Ionica, Titu Maiorescu University Bucharest, ionicaoncoiu@yahoo. ro, Romania Small firms are big business in the aid of economic development.
innovation and creativity become a decisive factor in the economic activity because knowledge tends to be developed in the actual contexts.
as in all transition economy, play an important role in the economic growth development and are recognized increasingly as having a permanent role as a seedbed for future growth.
enterprise The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 410 Special Issue December 2013 Introduction Given the importance of SMES in their world
Hence the concern for their delineation as appropriate, with the intention to create conditions for broader and more effective participation in economic activities in or involved.
or estimates of the market new business The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 411 Special Issue December 2013 concept.
because they provide an opportunity to succeed relatively much The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 412 Special Issue December 2013 higher.
Is it possible to measure The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 413 Special Issue December 2013 the innovation in a transition economy,
with which to explain the The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 414 Special Issue December 2013 reasons of the emergence of companies in specialized exchange economy
the so-called gazelles that believed to be responsible for the bulk of new job creation, technology progress, and economic growth.
Damanpour and Wischnevsky 2006, The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 415 Special Issue December 2013 Lankhuizen and Woolthuis 2003
and observe three The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 416 Special Issue December 2013 maxims of scientific method:
They will be the pivotal element in developing a typology classifying an innovation of Romanian SMES in strategies of development economic activity.
%15,56%15,56%The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 417 Special Issue December 2013 4 Pattern notpattern not Pattern
The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 418 Special Issue December 2013 Thus,
as we will have winners of The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 419 Special Issue December 2013 the crisis,
The results also suggest that for Romania the small and medium businesses represent the engine of the economic growth
but also bring The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 420 Special Issue December 2013 more economic growth, employment,
International Journal of Industrial Organization, 28: 191 202,2010. 5 Golodner, A m.,Antitrust, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Small Business Economics Vol. 16 No.
The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 421 Special Issue December 2013 11 Soete, Luc a o.,Eindrapport van
The Impact of Innovation in Romanian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on Economic growth Development 422 Special Issue December 2013 26 www. cnipmmr. ro;
and economic development and in general concludes that the more educated the citizens the more entrepreneurial they tend to be and thus more rapid economic growth (Florida 2002).
Such conditions aided in the establishment of economic systems supportive of innovative capacity and knowledge-based competencies,
Small Business Economics, 38 (1), 85 101. Kirzner, I. 1979. Perception, opportunity, and profit. Chicago:
Small Business Economics, 6 (5), 327 347. Nordqvist, M. 2012. Understanding strategy processes in family firms:
economic growth, men, women, and minorities. Westport: Quorom Books. Rigby, D, & Zook, C. 2002). Open-market innovation.
Bell Journal of Economics, 10:92 116. Griliches, Z. 1990) Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey.
Existing research on developing economies has shown that SMES typically act as catalysts of economic growth and the scarce literature on OI in SMES indicates that small firms engaging in OI practices are more innovative
and their OI Activities for Eastern europe SMES are viewed as drivers of economic growth and development as they account for over 90%of all businesses in most economies (Brunswicker and Van de Vrande, 2014).
however, Hungarian and Romanian SMES only account for about 49%and 54%of the total economic value added, respectively (EC, 2014).
and their willingness to take risks are viewed as important drivers of innovation and economic growth in developing economies (Peng, 2001;
they do not generate a correspondingly high share of the total economic value created by firms of all sizes in Hungary and Romania (EC, 2014).
Eastern European Economics, 33,38-75. Brown, J. D.,Earle, J. S. & Lup, D. 2005.
Small Business Economics, 41,537-562. Uzkurt, C.,Kumar, R.,Kimzan, H. S. & Sert, H. 2012.
social innovation 100 7. Conclusions and recommendations 108 5 1. Introduction The financial and economic crisis makes creativity
it has suffered the worst financial and economic crisis in decades with unemployment set to rise to double digit figures by 2010.
and economic crisis makes social innovation more important than ever, both as a component of economic strategies to build Europe's relative position in growing fields such as healthcare and environmental services,
(and in the case of ageing and chronic disease private budgets too) and hamper Europe's competitiveness and economic growth in the long term.
Economic growth-restarting economic growth and ensuring long-term sustainability and competitiveness for the future. In 2009, GDP fell by roughly 4%for both the EU and the Euro zone.
and economic crisis together with these social challenges forms the backdrop to current discussions about building on the achievements of the Lisbon Strategy and developing a new strategy for Europe Europe 2020.
The Lisbon Strategy played an important role in stimulating economic growth and creating jobs across Europe.
The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change brought to the fore the costs of inaction on global warming. xix Stern concluded that the cost of stabilising greenhouse gas emissions at 500-550ppm would be approximately 1
they threaten to constrain economic growth across Europe in the decades to come. But, they also promise to be significant growth sectors,
it needs to focus on restarting economic growth, whilst tackling the Grand Challenges and laying the foundations for a sustainable, social market economy.
and tackling social challenges must go hand in hand for sustainable economic growth in Europe. This is recognised in the new European strategy, EU 2020,
Much of the literature on social innovation draws from economics (especially around public finance; management studies (especially in the US;
Schumpeterian economics provided a frame in which a critical role is played by individual entrepreneurs engaged in risk and innovation.
however well designed, may appear quite inefficient compared to the subtle interdependencies of a real social or economic system.
A recent evaluation by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) concluded that the SSE's learning programme has been highly successful:
and Economics and the Internet of the Future. Workshops will be run to enhance co-creation of ideas
and the effect that this has on economic growth and productivity, (2) a tool to understand innovation at the firm level that captures‘hidden innovation
clv Equally common are methods (drawing on economics) which seek to monetise social value by asking people what they would pay for a service or outcome(‘stated preference methods').
'clvii clvi Another set of methods coming from economics focus on the choices people have made actually in related fields(‘revealed preference'.
such as Finland's methods for assessing social enterprises. clviiithe burgeoning field of environmental economics has spawned methods for measuring everything from wetlands to emissions,
Nicholas Stern (2007) The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review, London: HM Treasury. Available at:
http://www. eurofound. europa. eu/pubdocs/2009/82/en/1/EF0982EN. pdf Accessed on 11 december 2009. xixn Stern (2007) The Economics of Climate Change:
'(and in economics to offer a synthetic theory of growth). However, all theories of this kind are based on a simple error:
Even within economics, overarching theories of change and growth have not fared well compared to more modest theories focused on such things as the dynamics of labour markets or monetary policy.
Innovation Camp at http://www. sicamp. org/lxxxiv School for Social Entrepreneurs at http://www. sse. org. uk lxxxv New Economics Foundation,‘School
or Deming, E w. 2000)‘ The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education.''2nd ed. Cambridge, MA:
such as the New Economics Foundation and Forum for the Future. 80) Design labs. In Finland, the national innovation agency SITRA has set up the Helsinki Design Lab,
what the economics look like, and how it could be made cheaper. The driving principles at this stage are speed, keeping costs low,
211) Revealed preference methods come from the field of economics and focus on the choices people have made in related fields in order to estimate value.‘
They are one of the reasons why economics has found it hard to understand innovation without a substantial dose of sociology added in CONNECTING PEOPLE,
6 The household on the other hand that most distributed of economic systems generates ideas but on its own lacks the capital, surplus time,
and paved the way for the sweeping reforms and the unprecedented economic growth of the past three decades.
they could be adapted to fit the economics of social businesses. Legislation and regulation Governments shape the conditions in which social entrepreneurs
154 New Economics Foundation (NEF) 49 New Philanthropy Capital 171; 175 New york's Open Book 154 New zealand Police Act Wiki 42-43 Niagara Peninsula Homes 206 Nike Foundation 113 Nobel prizes 169
To be presented at the 11th International Conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics (ESEE), 30 june-3 july 2015, Leeds,
Ecover, Puma) addressing tensions between economic growth and environmental health and human wellbeing. However, we argue that even a sustainably
It will constitute a global digital ecosystems environment able to continuously evolve aimed at fostering local economic growth through networked nodes of innovation.
and firm founders, contributing to economic growth and job creation (see, for example Startx, Stanford's student start-up accelerator, which in less than a year 6 trained 90 founders and 27 companies4,
Research Agenda in key industrial areas for Europe's competitiveness and economic growth (http://cordis. europa. eu/technology-platforms/).
Sweden's movement of leading corporations and entrepreneurs abroad in the early 1990s or mergers with foreign firms that also outsourced economic activities abroad caused a financial crisis
and economic growth in evolutionary systems where institutions and learning processes are of central importance (Freeman, 1987,1988;
For example, we know that economic downturn and political crises are a major catalyst for the creation of the Consensus space,
Journal of Evolutionary Economics 1, 93 118. Carlsson, B.,Jacobsson, S.,Holmén, M.,Rickne, A. 2002.
Paper for The Elgar Companion to Neo-Schumpeterian Economics (downloaded on 9 april 2012 from http://faculty. weatherhead. case. edu/carlsson/documents/Innovationsystemssurveypaper6. pdf) 38 Casas, R
Journal of Industrial Economics 35,543 563. Cooke, P. 1996. Regional Innovation Systems. UCL Press, London.
The Research Network and the New Economics of Science: From Metaphors to Organizational Behaviours, in:
1998), Technology and economic theory, Pinter Publishers, London. Edquist, C. 1997) Systems of innovation approaches their emergence and characteristics, in:
From Innovation Emergency to Economic growth. Innovation Lecture, The hague, 26 march 2012 (downloaded on 8 april 2012 from http://europa. eu/rapid/pressreleasesaction. do?
Harnessing technology for economic growth, National Academy Press, WASHINGTON DC, pp. 275-305. Kuhlmann, S. 2001. Future governance of innovation policy in Europe three scenarios.
Dosi, G. Ed.)Technology and Economic theory. Pinter Publishers: London. Lundvall, B.-Å. 1992 (Ed.)National Systems of Innovation.
Cambridge Journal of Economics 23,167-185. Mason, C. and Harrison, R. 1992. Strategy for closing the small firms finance gap, in:
Networking for regional innovation and economic growth: the Brazilian Petrópolis technopole. International Journal of Technology Management 27,488-497.
Thus, the notion of the representative firm of mainstream economics is abandoned. Likewise the resource-based view, the evolutionary approach stresses the significance of firm's unique technological Entrepreneurial SMES 131 Downloaded by WATERFORD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY At 04:12 03 july 2015 (PT) resources and knowledge
the make or buy calculation of transaction-cost economics loses its relevance as in-house R&d
an econometric analysis at the firm level, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 115-58.
Fiet, J. O. and Patel, P. C. 2008), Entrepreneurial discovery as constrained, systematic search, Small Business Economics, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 215-29.
Littunen, H. 2000), Networks and local environmental characteristics in the survival of new firms, Small Business Economics, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 59-71.
from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation, in Dosi, G.,Freeman, C.,Nelson, R.,Silverberg, G. and Soete, L. Eds), Technical Change and Economic theory
an investigation into the Italian manufacturing sector, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 311-29.
Na°s, S. O. and Leppa lahti, A. 1997), Innovation, firm profitability and growth, Report R-01/1997, Studies in Technology, Innovation and Economic policy (STEP
and evolutionary and institutional economics. Miika Varis can be contacted at: Miika. Varis@uef. fi Hannu Littunen, after graduating from the University of Jyva skyla,
was a researcher at the University of Jyva skyla, School of business and Economics, Centre for Economic Research, Finland,
He has published in several international journals such as International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, Small Business Economics, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Family business Review, Finnish Journal of Economics, and Academy of Entrepreneurship/International Journal of Entrepreneurship.
Economics of Innovation and New Technology 1-19. Crossref 2. Haim Hilman, Narentheren Kaliappen. 2015.
Agricultural and Food Economics 3, 10. Crossref 9. Hans Löfsten. 2014. Information Structures and Business Performance-Implications for Technologybased Firm's Innovation Performance.
but it is an axiom of economic theories as well as of civil society that persons know their own interest (and experience) best.
The Economics of Credence Goods"Journal of Economic Literature 44 (1): 5-42. Enquist, G. 2005) The internationalisation of higher education in Sweden, the National Agency for Higher education, Högskoleverkets rapportserie 2005: 27 R, Stockholm Espeland, W. N,
Europe strongly suffered from the worst economic crisis since decades. After the first four years of the strategy the need for more growth and jobs remains undiminished.
Whilst public investment might be needed to stimulate economic growth, the political will to tear down the remaining barriers to the European Single Market would also have a positive and significant effect on growth.
system function, service quality, integration, economics, and professionalism. At the third level, these criteria are decomposed into several sub-criteria that may influence an organization's choice of an appropriate cloud computing service provider.
and how the transformation to the cloud computing model would help to meet those Outsourcing Provider Evaluation System Function Service Quality Integration Economics Professionalism Usefulness Ease of use Accuracy Tangibles Reliability Security
which explores the difference in economics between the two settings, focusing on the relevance of ranking
level) 2. Portfolio management (incl. business cases, information economics, ROI, payback) 3. IT budget control
and practices. 9. 1 Introduction The concept of a Business model (BM) is not completely new in the field of economics,
we can argue that this concept is, implicitly or explicitly, an integral part of the behavior of any economic entity in any historical period 3. At the same time, within the fold of standard economic theory, the problem of setting up a business model
however, only a simplified model of the real economic system in which entrepreneurs and managers need to consider the crucial points such as:
because that is what allows an enterprise to transform a technological innovation in sustainable economic value for the business itself 11.9.1 Introduction 167 Table 9. 1 Definitions of business model Authors Definition Key concepts Magretta 2002
The business model is conceived as a focusing device that mediates between technological development and the creation of economic value Technology;
mechanism that generates economic value Venkatram and Henderson 1998 23 A strategy that reflects the architecture of a virtual organization along three primary vectors:
which the potential value of an idea or technology is transformed actually into economic value. The centrality of the business model can be defined through the two following core processes any company is called necessarily to deal with
but it also has companies facing the need to reconsider the process of economic value appropriation.
resulting in a drastic transformation of the productive processes of economic activities they touch and producing a different distribution of wealth compared to the situation before their introduction.
using the terminology of economic theory, these products are characterized by high fixed costs and low marginal costs.
because it operates within a business model capable of transforming the output of R&d in economic value,
The research covered business strategies, economics and job creation. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Around the Globe and Company Growth Dynamics, in collaboration with Stanford university, Endeavor Global and EY, analyzed what makes entrepreneurial companies successful in accessing new markets and scaling around the globe.
and is leading the global movement to catalyze longterm economic growth by selecting, mentoring and accelerating the best high-impact entrepreneurs around the world.
in order to create considerable economic value. Often these innovations serve as a way for growing companies to capture market share
This value creation, in economic terms, can be viewed as a positive externality to the economics of the enterprise itself,
She holds an MBA from INSEAD, an MA in International Studies, Economics and Middle east Studies from The Johns hopkins university and a BA in International Studies and Business Administration from the University of South carolina-Columbia.
Economics and Anthropology from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. About the Authors and Acknowledgments ERNST & YOUNG Maria Pinelli Maria Pinelli is Global Vice-Chair for Strategic Growth Markets at Ernst & young (EY) Global,
Pinelli has briefed on trends in entrepreneurship, innovation, economic growth, and those driving global activity in the IPO market to a number of organizations and governments:
Entrepreneurship is defined as the pursuit of opportunities beyond the resources you currently control. 10 Turning an innovative idea into economic activity creates companies, economic growth and jobs.
Increased demand for collateral after the economic crisis restricts access to bank loans for entrepreneurs The European Small Business Finance Outlook 2013
and The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 show that the financial and economic crisis continues to impact capital supply by influencing financing
Innovation-driven entrepreneurship is one of the key focus areas in the Finnish government's economic policy.
Most of the economic policy measures that the government takes include the aspect of supporting innovation.
Portugal still struggles to extract economic value out of its scientific excellence, and Portuguese business innovation lags behind its European peers in technological outputs of the innovation effort.
Over time, on an economy-wide scale, innovation has contributed as much as 70%to the UK's economic growth.
Caroline Jenner, Chief executive officer, Junior Achievement-Young Enterprise (JA-YE) Europe Various forms of women-led economic activity are important to the growth agenda.
Jimmy wales, Founder and Chair Emeritus, Board of trustees, Wikimedia Foundation We need to rethink education of the next generation of entrepreneurs to encourage market-generating innovation as a basis for sustainable economic growth.
As engines of economic growth, innovation and technological progress, they have brought much good to humanity. But as the financial crisis of 2008 has demonstrated,
In 2030, the world's largest corporations are those that harness Swarm Economics, with hundreds of thousands of individuals coming together to solve the highest value problems,
From Fortress Firms to Cambrian Corporations Mark Esposito, Associate professor of Business and Economics, Grenoble Graduate school of Business, France,
and Instructor, Harvard university Extension School, USA Olaf Groth, Professor for Global Strategy, Innovation, Management and Economics, HULT International Business school, USA Fostering Innovation-driven
and capturing value from new economic activity. The future shape of the global corporation will require a redefinition of
please email europeentrepreneurship@weforum. org. 56 Enhancing Europe's Competitiveness Endnotes 1. The entrepreneurial life cycle is defined here as including the factors influencing an individual to turn an idea into economic activity or join a start-up as an employee,
Diedrichs, E. 2013), Do SMES lose their appetite for innovation during the economic crisis? Blog on Innovationmanagement. se. 16.
Young Global Leader Paul Campbell, Chief executive officer, Start-up Genie, USA Cross-report contributors Olaf Groth, Professor for Global Strategy, Innovation, Management and Economics
, HULT International Business school, USA Mark Esposito, Associate professor of Business and Economics, Grenoble Graduate school of Business, France,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011