In 2006,20 million Europeans worked in the health and social services sector (Communication from the Commission 2009.
Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2009.
With the advancements in communication technology, social networking model can be applied in developing a digital city.
With application of information and communication technology, social networks become flexible and can be sustained over distance
A digital city often provides three basic types of services including content services and information dissemination, communication and social services,
communication with users having similar interests, resource sharing, information/knowledge exchange, and resources needed for innovation success without being presented physically in a social exchange process.
for innovation success Providing a framework for timely communication and distribution of experiences, contextual information,
and services for collaboration and communication and how all these aspects of technology are needed to produce stable digital cities for everyone's benefit.
a user's initial social network information is maintained by four entities including communication group, social group, influential group,
All communication among users after joining the system are tracked and used to monitor changes in social network parameters and network evolution of users.
and often unfruitful and is not efficient or effective because of geographic distance, topical distance, concept communication, potential advantage recognition,
Therefore, one of I3's objectives is to facilitate communication between people in the scope of resource exchange,
Case manager renders service sessions (Service Session entity) for any communication that the case manager might have had with the member requesting the resource.
An important feature that must be supported by a digital city is communication and collaboration among large groups of participants over computer networks and to encourage the participation of the key players of the digital city to improve cooperation
) I3 recognizes the need for communication and collaboration in digital cities and provides an internal email system
The communication and collaboration services in I3 enable users to develop their direct or indirect connectedness to improve his or her social network.
Bending Digital and Physical Spaces For Ubiquitous Community Participation, Communications of the ACM, 47,2, February, 38-44.
Open Frameworks for Information Cities, Communications of the ACM, 47 (2), 45-49. Garrison, C,
Studying Online Social networks, The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3 (1), http://www. ascusc. org/jcmc/vol3/issue1/garton. html. Götzl,
. & Wellman, B. 1997) Asynchronous Learning Networks As A Virtual Classroom, Communications of the ACM, September, 40,9, 44-49.
The Driving forces In The Virtual Society, Communications of the ACM, December, 42,12, 64-70. Ishida, T. 2002a.
Digital City Kyoto, Communications of the ACM, July, 45,7, 76-81. Ishida, T. 2002b. Understanding Digital Cities, Department of Social Informatics, Kyoto University, in T. Ishida and K. Isbister (Eds..
What Makes A Web site Popular, Communications of the ACM, February, 47,2, 51-55. Kollock, P. 1996.
Communications of the ACM, 47 (2 february Simmie, J. 1997. The Origins and Characteristics of Innovation in Highly Innovative Areas, Innovation, Networks and Learning Regions, London:
Making Information Cities Livable, Communications of the ACM, February, 47,2, 33-37. Stevens, G, . & Burley, J. 1997). 3000 Raw Ideas=1 Commercial Success!,
He has published papers in journals such as Communications of the ACM and Human Systems Management. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
Enabled by the internet of things (Iot), machine to machine (M2m) communication and over 80 billion connected devices globally,
This is done through communication with stakeholders and integrating those expectations into its management and business value creation with a strong focus on technology deployment
which communications both real-time and non-real time are integrated to optimise stakeholder processes and increase productivity.
lacking the necessary digital skills to effectively use information and communication technologies, according to a report by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published in autumn 2013,
Thus, the business model can be seen as a communication or a planning tool. It allows entrepreneurs, investors,
and communication processes of modern organizations to become a general purpose tool that can be found in use virtually everywhere,
But, more recently, these costs have been lowered by application of information and communication technologies, and by the adoption of marketing 18 Jack Triplett (1999), p. 14, correctly points out that a greater number of new things is not necessarily a greater rate of new things,
and distribution should be challenged when the business models of the system change as the result of marketing innovation and the use of information and communication technologies.
but in all of the information and communication technology industries. For software designers, Moore's law promises that new computational resources will continue to grow
however, the spread of personal information and communication technologies has complicated enormously the task of maintaining coherence and functionality within the organization.
instead, is that most organizations have neither the capability nor interest in performing detailed activity accounting with regard to the new business processes arising from the use of information and communication technologies.
and communication resources if their costs were recognized fully. 25 Was this state of affairs a necessary, inescapable burden imposed by the very nature of the new information technology,
and communication technologies are likely to be worthy of the same amount of analysis that is devoted to approval paths, logistics,
All of these changes improved the"look and feel"of information communication, its quality and style, the capability for an individual to express ideas,
and the quantity of such communications. But singly and severally they made very little progress in changing the structure of work organization
products 7. 38 4 Seven out of 10 companies used digital signatures in some communication with external agents.
*The intensities in the use of Information and Communication Technologies refer to the following indicators:
The branches of activity with the highest percentages of companies that made purchases via e-commerce were the ICT Sector (70.1%)and Information and communications (62.9%).
Regarding communications, 76.5%of companies with fewer than 10 employees used mobile phones, compared to the 74.6%of the previous year,
Methodological annex The survey on the Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Electronic commerce in Companies is integrated in the statistics plans of the European union designed to quantify the Information Society.
The Survey has been conducted by the National Statistics Institute (INE), in cooperation with the National Foundation Centre of Reference for the Application of Information and Communication Technologies based on Open sources (CENATIC.
As online networks are substantially changing the character of communication, collaboration and relationship building, we need a qualified framework for reflection on the impact of online networks.
and a lack of communication and networks to spread awareness of these opportunities. Given the importance of the public sector to social innovation,
innovation An increasing number of social innovations are using ICT (Information and Communication Technology), which includes online networks, communities and platforms,
an action plan for Europe"(COM, 2003)) and in further Communications of the Commission("More Research and Innovation Investing for Growth and Employment A common approach",COM (2005) 488 final,"Implementing the Community
With the increasing importance of Information and Communication Technologies,(ICTS), the digital divide has grown at a rapid pace.
SL 5 Computer Communication Networks and Telecommunications The Editor (s)( if applicable) and the Author (s) 2011.
Protesters in Egypt used social media to support communication and the associated Facebook page had over 80,000 followers at its peak.
At the time of writing the US House of representatives voted to block a proposal from the Federal Communications Commission to partially enforce net neutrality9.
Societal expectations in moving from an obscure technology to a fundamental part of human communication societal expectations have grown.
which continues to collaborate across specific topic areas with the common goal of investigating the issues related to the creation of a new global communications platform within a European context.
enjoying multimedia communications, taking advantage of advanced software services, buying and selling, keeping in touch with family and friends,
as a ubiquitous and universal means for communication and computation, has been extraordinarily successful, there are still many unsolved problems and challenges some
Unification and higher degree of integration of the communication, storage, content and computation as the means of enabling change from capacity concerns towards increased and flexible capability with operation control.
and power creating a novel Internet architecture for future mobile communications. The Review and Designs of Federated Management in Future Internet Architectures chapter analyses issues about federated management targeting information sharing capabilities for heterogeneous infrastructure.
communication channel among scientists to the most important medium for information exchange and the dominant communication environment for business relations and social interactions.
enjoying multimedia communications, taking advantage of advanced software services, buying and selling, keeping in touch with family and friends,
The Future Internet as a global and common communication and distributed information system may be considered from various interrelated perspectives:
In Towards a Future Internet Architecture 9 Europe, a significant part of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) of the Framework Program 7 is devoted to the Future Internet 14.
as an‘economic object',traverses the communication infrastructure multiple times, limiting its scaling, while lack of content‘property rights'(not only author-but also usage-rights) leads to the absence of a fair charging model. iii.
This information may be available at the communication end-points (applications) but not when data are in transit.
There is no inherited method for on-path caching along the communication path and mirroring of content compared to offpath caching that is currently widely used (involving e g. connection redirection).
Communications privacy does not only mean protecting/encrypting the exchanged data but also not disclosing that communication took place.
It is not sufficient to just protect/encrypt the data (including encryption of protocols/information/content,
tamper-proof applications etc) but also protect the communication itself, including the relation/interaction between (business
In the current Internet model, design of IP (and more generally communication) control components have so far being driven exclusively by
since it is shared a communication infrastructure. Hence, substantial benefit could be expected by further assistance from the network,
Accessibility (open and by means of various/heterogeneous wireless/radio and wired interfaces) to the communication network but also to heterogeneous data, applications,
and mobility (while providing means to maintain continuity of application communication exchanges when needed). Accessibility and nomadicity are addressed currently by current Internet architecture.
what it is expected to deliver to the end-user/hosts while coping with a growing number of users with increasing heterogeneity in applicative communication needs.
Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2002, New-york City (New jersey), USA (April/May 2002) 6 RFC 1958:
ACM Computer Communications 33 (17), 2105 2115 (2010) 19 Freedman, M.:Experiences with Coralcdn: A Five-Year Operational View.
A survey of autonomic communications. ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS) 1 (2), 223 259 (2006) 21 Gelenbe, E.:
ACM Communications 52 (7), 66 75 (2009) 22 Evolving the Internet, Presentation to the OECD (March 2006), http://www. cs. ucl. ac. uk/staff
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 39 (5)( 2009) 26 Eggert, L.:Quality-of-Service: An End System Perspective.
MIT Communications Futures Program Workshop on Internet Congestion Management, Qos, and Interconnection, Cambridge, MA, USA, October 21-22 (2008) 27 Ratnasamy, S.,Shenker, S.,Mccanne, S.:
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (Oct. 2010), http://www2. research. att. com/bala/papers/ccr10-priv. pdf 33 W3c Workshop
and sharing a common physical substrate of communication nodes and servers managed by multiple infrastructure providers.
The distribution functionality of the OP provides communication and control services that enable management tasks to be split into parts that run on multiple AMSS within the same domain.
therefore essential in guaranteeing both a degree of self management and adaptation as well as supporting context-aware communications that efficiently exploit the available network resources.
In general, the CE module is responsible for the communication of the CISP with the other management Towards In-Network Clouds in Future Internet 27 applications/components and the CP module for the optimisation of the context information.
and Protocols For Computer Communications (Karlsruhe, Germany, SIGCOMM'03, Karlsruhe, Germany, August 25 29,2003, pp. 3 10.
IEEE Communications Magazine 45 (10), 112 121 (2007) 13. Deliverable D6. 3 Final Results Autoi Approach http://ist-autoi. eu/14.
and Sándor Imre Budapest University of Technology and Economics department of Telecommunications Mobile Communication and Computing Laboratory Mobile Innovation Centre Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, H-1117
and power creating a novel Internet architecture for future mobile communications. Keywords: mobile traffic evolution, network scalability, flat architectures, mobile Internet, IP mobility, distributed and dynamic mobility management 1 Introduction Mobile Internet has started recently to become a reality
which can be considered as the most essential building block of flat mobile communications. As a conclusion we summarize the benefits
Over 60%of the global population now we are talking about five billion people are subscribers of some mobile communication service 1 6. Additionally,
or open to pay for the Wireless internet services meaning that voice communication will remain the dominant mobile application also in the future.
As devices, networks and modes of communications evolve, users will choose from a growing scale of services to communicate (e g.,
like to cover broader areas of personal communication in a more integrated way, or to put online gaming on the next level deeply impregnated with social networking and virtual reality.
there is another emerging form of communications called M2m (Machine to machine-Machine) which has the potential to become the leading traffic contributor in the future.
and significant device increase potential resulted by the tremendous number of novel subscriptions for Machine to machine-Machine communications. 2. 2 Scalability Problems of the Mobile Internet Existing wireless telecommunication
Internet communication. Due to the collateral effects of this change a convergence procedure started to introduce IP-based transport technology in the core and backhaul network:
and handover control mechanisms together with direct logical interfaces for inter-enodeb communications. Here, traffic forwarding between neighboring enodebs is allowed temporarily during handover events providing intra-domain mobility.
Furthermore, the BSR can be considered a special wireless edge router that bridges between mobile/wireless and IP communication.
therefore providing a host-to-host communication method. End-to-end mobility management protocols working in higher layers of the TCP IP stack such as Host Identity Protocol (HIP) 39,
standard MIP mechanisms will be used only for the ongoing communications while the mobile node is in motion between different IP sub-networks.
Distributed Hash Table or anycast/broadcast/multicast communication can be used for the above purposes. In such schemes, usually all routing
Towards Scalable Future Internet Mobility 47 BS nodes also minimizes the feedback time of intermodule communication, i e.,
An Emerging Communication Paradigm, Tutorial. In: Globecom'10.dec 2010) 4. Schulze, H.,Mochalski, K.:Ipoque, Internet Study 2008/2009, Ipoque (Jan. 2011) 5. UMTS Forum, REPORT NO 37, Magic Mobile Future 2010-2020 (April 2005) 6
IEEE Communications Magazine 39 (12), 34 41 (2001) 31. Melia, T.,de la Oliva, A.,Vidal, A.,Soto,
Journal of Computer Communications 31 (10), 2457 2467 (2008) J. Domingue et al. Eds.):) Future Internet Assembly, LNCS 6656, pp. 51 66,2011.
Federation, Management, Reference Model, Future Internet, Architectures and Systems, Autonomics, Service Management, Semantic Modelling and Management, Knowledge Engineering, Networking Data and Ontologies, Future Communications
and Internet. 1 Introduction In recent years convergence on Internet technologies for communication's, computation's and storage's networks and services has been a clear trend in the Information and Communications technology (ICT) domain.
which networking issues are addressed in a manner that focuses on the supporting role various protocols play in delivering communications services that meet the rapidly changing needs of the communities of users for
collectively, constitute a reference model that can guide the realisation of future communications environments in the future Internet 4 11 12 13.
and sustain interactions between various communities of users in straight relation with communication infrastructure mechanisms.
interrelation and unification of the communication, storage, content and computation substrata. Networking-awareness 4 challenges imply the consumer-facing
and services. 3 Rationale for Federation in the future Internet Federation is relatively a new paradigm in communications,
In this paper federation is handled as the mechanism used by communications management systems providing autonomic control loops.
the rationale for federated, autonomic management of communications services is addressed from the perspective of end-to-end applications and services in the future Internet.
The intention in this paper is not to define what the Federation in future communications is,
or which advantages it can offer either basics definition (s) in communications, but rather to provide a realistic approach in form of functional architecture,
The term Federation in communications was discussed in a previous work 20 and currently many definitions have been proposed.
and manage end-to-end communications services over an interconnected, but heterogeneous infrastructure and establishes communication foundations.
Fig. 1. Federated Autonomic Management Reference Representation A greater degree of coordination and cooperation is required between communication resources,
the software that manages them, and the actors who direct such management. In federation management end-to-end communication services involve configuring service
and network resources in accordance to the policies of the actors involved in the management process.
what federation offers in communications either what federation to the next generation networks and in the future internet design with service systems using heterogeneous network technologies imply.
toolkit (s) and components that can guide the realisation of federated communications environments to effectively provide complex services (interoperable boundaries) and,
the vision of federated autonomic management for end-to-end communications services orchestrate federated service management where management systems should semantically interoperate to support evolving value chains and the end-to-end delivery of services.
in a manner such that a coherent view of the communication needs and profile of different transaction types can be built.
however, there is little visibility of the root responsible source of interaction breakdowns between the various communication services providers, application service hosts,
The work introduced in this paper is a contribution to SFI FAME-SRC (Federated, Autonomic Management of End-to-end Communications Services-Scientific research Cluster.
Activities are funded partially by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) via grant 08/SRC/I1403 FAME-SRC (Federated, Autonomic Management of End-to-end Communications Services-Scientific research Cluster) and by the Univerself
IEEE 2009 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (Chinacom09) 26-28 august, Xi'an, China (2009) 5. Clark, D.,et al.:
Advanced Autonomic Networking and Communication, Birkhäuser, Basel (2008) 8. Raymer, D.,van der Meer, S.,Strassner, J.:
Computer Communications (July 2010), 63 pp. http://www1. cse. wustl. edu/jain/papers/ftp/i3survey. pdf 12.
Challenges and Research Directions in Autonomic Communications. International Journal of Internet Protocol Technology (IJIPT) 2 (1)( 2006) 13.
Multi-Domain IT Architectures for Next Generation Communications Service Providers. IEEE Communications Magazine 48,110 117 (2010) 66 M. Serrano et al. 20.
Serrano, J. M.,van der Meer, S.,Holum, V.,Murphy, J.,Strassner, J.:Federation, A Matter of Autonomic Management in the future internet.
ACM SIGCOM Computer Communication Review 37 (3)( 2007) 25. Strassner, J.,Agoulmine, N.,Lehtihet, E.:
and communication stress on the underlying infrastructure but also the flexibility, extensibility, dependability, determinism, etc. of the implemented system.
However, the interfaces to these choices at the implementation architecture level should be uniform as this allows the exchange of one communication infrastructure by another without requiring major recoding efforts of an application
Also, the interaction patterns manifest themselves in communication flows of different characteristics. In order to effectively support these flows
different types of communication services may be required from the underlying communication service layer. Table 1 shows a simple way to assess
The resource hosts are abstracted through the RFID readers due to the passive communication of the tags.
represents a combination of the service-oriented provision of AAL services and event-driven communication between them,
The PECES middleware architecture enables dynamic group-based communication between PECES applications (Resources) by utilizing contextual information based on a flexible context ontology.
n, as PECES primarily targets group-based communication scenarios. 76 A. Gluhak et al. 4. 4 Semsorgrid4env The Semsorgrid4env architecture SSG4ENV provides support for the discovery and use of sensor-based,
IDN-Nodes are the information that the layers exchange in their communications. In each layer a different type of IDN-Node is used:
The communications between IDN-SA layers follows the REST 8 paradigm through the exchange of common HTTP messages containing a generic IDN-Node in the message body and IDN-Node identifier in the message header.
, Ethernet, PLC) communication technologies. For 100 M. Castrucci et al. testing purposes only a simplified version of the Cognitive Manager has been implemented in each node of the network,
and with the context of the consumers taking into account their communication needs at each context,
The Entity Title Model concepts can be used at the communications layer to the real world architecture envisaged by SENSEI 33 project, besides that,
For communication between network elements, ontology is used usually in the application layer, without extending to the middle and lower layers of computer networks.
and network layers protocols to establish communication among the network elements. For example, the applications can select the protocol UDP or TCP, according to delivery guarantee,
It is possible to change the paradigm of client-server communication and the structure of the intermediate layers of the TCP/IP,
so that the communication networks have expansion possibilities to support the needs of the upper layer.
and translating these needs in the communication with and between the lower layers. A possibility proposed by the Entity Title Model. 2. 1 Entity Title Model Concepts
Element whose communication needs can be understood semantically and supported by the service layer and subsequent lower Link and Physical layers.
as the entity here is a communication element and not one resource in a network.
For example, one user, that demands resources, is one communication entity in the Title Model. Also, applications that do not offer resources,
which in turn is an communication element that have its communication needs understood and supported by computer networks.
specified in the ISO-9545/X. 207 recommendation, be extended to the other communication entities of the computer networks.
and facilitate communication among the entities and with the other layers 24. Not to use a separate classification for user title,
It is the sole designation to ensure the unambiguous identification of a communication element whose needs may be understood semantically
whose communication needs are understood semantically and supported by the service layer (intermediate layer) that has the physical
It is the realization of the semantics of the need of a communication element, based on service concept presented by Vissers,
They are functionality or desirable technological requirements, essential or indispensable for the communication elements whose needs 108 J. H. de Souza Pereira et al. can be understood semantically
The changing needs of the entities may vary depending on the context of the entities in communication,
and also the context of communication itself. The contexts can be influenced by space time, specific characteristics of entities, among other forms of influence.
where associations between elements of communication may vary according to their desired needs and their variation in time.
Regardless of the time, the nature of communication can also influence the desired values for the facets.
or content of email/instant message, it is necessary to have delivery guarantee in communication.
On the other hand, for an audio or video communication in real time, it will not necessarily be important the delivery guarantee,
This is the layer that has the responsibility on the part of the problem corresponding to the elements of communication,
and record instances of entities and their properties and needs, facilitating communication services among them.
and hierarchical scalability formed by elements of local communication, masters and slaves, similar to DNS (Domain name System).
The DTS does the orchestration of the entities communication, as showed in Fig. 2. 2. 2 Cross Layer Ontology for Future Internet Networks For intermediate semantic layer,
NE3 Destination Service Content User Network Elements (NE) Fig. 2. Entities Communication Orchestrated by the DTS. 4 28.
The Horizontal Addressing by Entity Title has related limitations with the communications needs formalization and standardization,
because the solution for horizontal addressing and communication needs was represented and supported using the Lesniewski Logic 18 29.
In addition, it permits semantic communication cross layers to contribute with, for example, the autonomic management, as the Autoi works.
For the communication between the layers running in a Distributed Operating system, without the traditional sockets used in TCP IP,
is used the Raw Socket to enable the communication 19. The following OWL sample code shows one use case example for distributed programming,
Communication with Slave-USP-A; Payload Size Control equal to 84 Bytes; and; Delivery Guarantee request.
Thing>By this semantic information, the Service and Data link layers can support the distributed programming communication using different approaches,
that includes different categories of communication entities, and its needs. One basic sample of the taxonomy for this Entity concept is showed in the Fig. 4,
which translates this communication in functionality Fig. 4. Entity Taxonomy in the Title Model. 112 J. H. de Souza Pereira et al. through the Physical and Link layers.
thereby defining the communication architecture whose study go over the definitions in the area of protocols architecture.
Socioeconomic Issues 117 Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) provide in recent years solutions to the sustainability challenge by, e g.,
1) The study of the relationship between any sort of economic activity (here networking in the areas of Internet-based and telecommunications-based communications for a variety of lower-level network/telecommunication as well as application-based services) and the social life of user (here,
Thus, the full understanding and modeling of these socioeconomic impacts on Internet communications particularly and the Internet architecture generally challenges networking research and development today.
19th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN 2010), Zürich, Switzerland (August 2010) 11.
and TCP restricts communications to a single path per transport connection. But hosts are connected often by multiple paths,
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review 40 (2)( 2010) 8. Kostopoulos, A.,Warma, H.,Leva, T.,Heinrich, B.,Ford, A.,Eggert, L.:
IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC (2006) 18. Hasegawa, Y.,Yamaguchi, I.,Hama, T.,Shimonishi, H.,Murase, T.:
Improved data distribution for multipath TCP communication. In: IEEE GLOBECOM (2005) 19. Kelly, F.,Voice, T.:
Computer Communication Review 35,2 (2005) 20. Key, P.,Massoulie, P.,Towsley, D.:Combined Multipath Routing and Congestion Control:
Repurposing tussles occur in regards to the privacy of user communication data between users, ISPS, service providers and regulators.
generally speaking, that networks are trustworthy and private 2. The privacy of communications is based on democratic ideals,
they must be given access to network communication data. Furthermore, ISPS and other companies such as Google and Amazon have increasingly been able to monetize their user transaction data and personal data.
and monetizing the communication of their users, and the demands of government bodies to be able to monitor the networks for illegal or unwanted activities.
and those wishing to maintain confidential communication. For instance, is Wikileaks right or wrong to distribute leaked documents containing the details of government and corporate communications?
Until Wikileaks started releasing real documents of widespread interest, few people were interested in debating the societal risks
Pricing Communication Networks: Economics, Technology and Modeling. Wiley, Chichester (2003) 7. CRAMM: http://www. cramm. com (accessed December 1, 2010) 8. ETICS:
IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops, June 2009, pp. 1 5 (2009) 10. Herzhoff, J. D.,Elaluf-Calderwood, S m.,Sørensen, C.:
First, Future Internet principles are supported by revised communication paradigms, which address potential security issues from the beginning,
replacing point-to-point communication by a publish/subscribe approach. This allows the recipient to control the traffic received and
network security 1 Introduction Data-centric pub/sub as a communication abstraction 2, 3, 4 reverses the control between the sender and the receiver.
Availability, which means that the attackers cannot prevent communication between a legitimate publisher and a subscriber inside a trusted scope.
3. We use the term information-centric for this communication pattern to emphasize that the data items can link to other named data
and Qos for the publication and may support transport abstraction specific policies such as replication and persistence for data-centric communication.
it can be used to set up communication using any kind of transport abstraction on the data plane fast path,
that is used for the payload communication. The data-centric paradigm is a natural match with the communication of topology information that needs to be distributed typically to multiple parties
and the ubiquitous caching considerably reduces the initial latency for the payload communication as popular operations can be completed locally based on cached data.
Below the control plane t he network is composed of domains, that encapsulate resources such as links,
We have developed our own language called advanced network description language (ANDL) for the communication of network topology information in control plane publications
Each transport protocol implements a specific communication abstraction and every actualized instance of interaction or communication event consuming the resources of the network has associated an transport, topic, a graphlet and a set of roles.
For example, when IP is seen as a transport protocol in our network architecture, the roles for the endpoints are a source and a destination or for data-centric transport:
For example, for data-centric communication, the topic identifies the requested publication. A graphlet defines the network resources used for the payload communication
and it can be anything from the path of an IP packet to private virtual circuits.
Some protocols may require an additional phase for the reservation of a graphlet before the payload communication.
but the policies can be divided into aspects of communication handled modularly by different scopes implemented by different entities.
Because it is not feasible to use traditional cryptographic solutions like RSA on a per-segment basis in the payload communication,
e g. the link between the two publications, is orthogonal to the scoping of the data that determines the communication aspects for each publication. 2. 2 Interdomain Structure Each node has an access to a set of network resources In the current Internet,
which the communication takes place. The scope joins the upgraphs and produces an endtoend path between the service container e g. a data source)
and the client (e g. a subscriber) and returns the information to the client that can then use this information to join a graphlet (e g. a delivery tree) that can then be used for the fast-path payload communication.
but the internetwork can freely evolve based on trust between neighbouring domains. 4 Phases of Communication Each node wishing to communicate first requests the description of end-to-end fastpath resources used for the graphlet from the scope by subscribing to a publication labeled<Topic rid>,<UN,
which minimizes the amount of communication as only relevant information needs to be transfered. Multiple scopes can be used together by performing the rendezvous independently for each of the scopes
which would hide the destination of the communication from the transit domains and thus guarantee some level of network neutrality.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 21 (1), 2003 (2003) 25. Whittle, J.,Moreira, A.,Ara'ujo, J.,Jayaraman, P.,Elkhodary, A m.,Rabbi, R.:
composing services leads to new, subtle and dangerous, vulnerabilities due to interference between component services and policies, the shared communication layer,
if the intruder cannot block the communication indefinitely. This diversity of goals cannot be formulated with a fixed repertoire of generic properties (like authentication;
For instance, most techniques assume that communication between honest principals is controlled by a Dolev-Yao intruder 17,
TLS is used often as a unilateral or a bilateral communication authentic and/or confidential channel
we may have a layer that provides a secure communication infrastructure between participants, e g. a virtual private network or a TLS 26 channel,
independently using several protocols over the same communication medium. Moreover, there are first results for the layered compositional reasoning needed for SOAS,
if its communication is routed over a secure channel, and (iii) both satisfy certain sufficient conditions (their message formats do not interfere.
Top threats to cloud computing, version 1. 0. March 2010), http://www. cloudsecurityalliance. org/topthreats/csathreats. v1. 0. pdf 8. Computer and Communication
which mediate the communication and the handling of private data in the cloud platform. The schedule of the events,
Professur Future Communication (endowed by Telekom Austria), Austria kurt. tutschku albert. rafetseder@univie. ac. at 4 Tel aviv University, School of Electrical engineering, Tel aviv, Israel shavitt
IEEE Communications Surveys 2 (1)( 1999), http://www. comsoc. org/pubs/surveys/1q99issue/psounis. html 17.
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 35 (5), 71 74 (2005) 20. Phuoc Tran-Gia. G-Lab:
, telecom world, the Internet and cellular communications. The current challenge for the network management systems 260 A. Kousaridas et al. is the reduction of human intervention in the fundamental management functions
Networks 273 Introduction Although the current Internet has been extraordinarily successful as a ubiquitous and universal means for communication
Support of security, reliability, robustness, mobility, context, service support, orchestration and management for both the communication resources and the services'resources.
Applications critical for society and business or for real-time communication demand a highly reliable, robust,
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Dept. of Informatics and Communications, 15784, Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece nancy@di. uoa. gr Abstract.
and communication technologies (ICT) and has adopted massively broadband and Internet services 8. The European union (EU) is actually a potential leader in the FI sector 9. Leveraging FI technologies through their use in smart infrastructures offer the opportunity to boost European competitiveness
Enhanced communication services will open many possibilities for innovative applications that are envisioned not even today.
Suitable systems with communication and computational capabilities can be integrated into the fabric of the Internet,
In fact, management systems of modern FI networks incorporate autonomic capabilities to effectively deal with the increasing complexity of communication networks, to reduce human intervention,
The most time consuming processes are Execution and Communication. The communication phase is responsible for Soekris 1 and Soekris 4 high delay.
Specifically, both Soekris interact (i e. communicate) with Soekris 2. The duration of Execution phase is high and the same for all devices due to technical and implementation reasons.
The communication between NECMS increases the duration of the communication phase, while the duration of the execution phase is increased, due to technical and implementation reasons.
Similarly to the previous cases (i e. the channel (re-)selection) the communication phase takes again the majority of time.
001 0. 001 0. 018 Communication Phase 22.192 1. 711 2. 601 22.405 Monitor Phase 2. 760 2. 561 3
0. 500 0. 600 0. 700 0. 800 Decision Phase Communication Phase NDCM 0. 061 0. 733 Time (sec) Fig
Communication on A Public-Private Partnership on the Future Internet. European commission, Brussels (2009) 2. Chochliouros,
Communication on The Future EU 2020 Strategy. European commission, Brussels (2009) 9. Tselentis, G.,Domingue, L.,Galis, A.,Gavras, A.,et al.:
Communication on Future Networks and the Internet. European commission, Brussels (2008) 13. Galis, A.,Brunner, M.,Abramowitz, H.:
A survey of autonomic communications. ACM Trans. on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS) 1 (2), 223 259 (2006) 17.
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Self-organization in Communication Networks: Principles and Design Paradigms. IEEE Communications Magazine 43 (7), 78 85 (2005) 31.
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Redmax, Redline Communications: AN-100u/UX Single Sector Wireless Access Base Station User Manual (2008) 35.
Thus, any object or network element will have embedded communication capabilities and several objects in a certain environment will be able to create a communication network.
Challenges such as the infrastructure coverage extension or the infrastructure capacity extension, arise. Opportunistic networking seems a promising solution to the problem of coverage extension of the infrastructure
At the lower layers, the operator designates the spectrum that will be used for the communication of the nodes of the ON (i e.,
or communication demand rises instantly and support is needed for successful handling. Also, authors in 10 propose
based on profile and policy information of the operator and the use of spectrum that will be designated by the network operator, for the communication of the nodes of the ON.
INFOCOM 2006, 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (2006) 3. Rong, B.,Hafid, A.:
Computer Communications 31,1763 1776 (2008) 5. Verma, A.,Sawant, H.,Tan, J.:Selection and navigation of mobile sensor nodes using a sensor network.
IEEE International Conference on Communication (2004) 7. Han, S.,Xia, Y.:Optimal node-selection algorithm for parallel download in overlay content-distribution networks.
, health, finance) or for real-time communication demand a highly reliable, robust and secure Internet. Finally, the future Internet needs to support sustainable business models,
The current Internet has become an ubiquitous commodity to provide communication services to the ultimate consumers:
and business communications as well as general information exchange thanks to emails, the web, Voip, triple play service, etc. the Internet is currently providing a rich environment for social networking and collaboration and for emerging Cloud-based applications such as Amazon's EC2,
the communication model offered by the Internet may break the hope for fully-transparent remote access and outsourcing.
Architectural within a new global communications infrastructure there is a need to determine how a service layer would fit into an overall Future Internet architecture.
and service layers in a new communications infrastructure. Within the chapter Santos et al. Meeting Services and Networks in the future Internet an ontology based approach is taken combined with a simplification of the network layer structure
Monitoring Event Channels serve as a flexible communication infrastructure that allows the framework to collect information about the service instance status. Furthermore,
and to be sold to the customers joined with reliable communication services offered by Telco providers.
Communication of SLA templates between third party and Service Aggregator use advertising bus to share infrastructure templates.
in this case it found the‘Communications and Infrastructure bundle'product. Customer retrieves the different SLA templates available for the product and the negotiation starts.
FINLAN (Fast Integration of Network Layers) was modeled to be able to deal with semantics in the network communication, cross-layers,
resulting in a communication gap between layers 7, 8. Integration of services and networks is an emerging key feature in the future Internet
proposals and discussions over questions related to a network able of supporting the current and Future Internet communication challenges.
This research also shows one proposal to improve the communication between services and networks with semantics
and proposals to extend the use of ontology in computer networks to support the communication needs in a better way.
In current networks, the semantic communication generally is limited to the Application layer and this layer is restricted to sending meaning to the Network and Transport layers.
This helps the networks to improve the support to the communication needs, as the Application layer can inform,
Some of the communication needs that the lower layers can better support, by the ontology use in this work,
The Net-Ontology layer has semantic communication, in OWL (Web Ontology Language), with its superior layer and the DL-Ontology layer.
The DL-Ontology layer has semantic communication, also using OWL, with the superior and the Net-Ontology layers.
It is responsible to support the Data link communication to guarantee the correct delivery Meeting Services and Networks in the future Internet 341 of data transfer between links.
In this scenario, FINLAN approach contributes to the semantic communication between the DOHAND and the DL-Ontology layer, for the handover in 4g networks.
This work uses OWL as formal language for this communication as the OWL was adopted by a considerable number of initiatives
One example of the FINLAN ontology use in the future Internet research area is the possibility to support the AUTOI Functional Components communication with (and between) the network elements.
So, the interactions between these components and their communication with the network intermediate layers can use OWL, instead of IP, UDP and TCP protocols.
and the implementations to enable the network communication without using the IP, TCP, UDP and SCTP protocols,
the class that represents all that can establish communication. For example: a service, a content, a network element and even a cloud computing;
represents the requirements that an entity has during communication. For instance: delivery guarantee, Qos, security and others. 2. 1 Collaboration to the Autoi Planes One of the Autonomic Internet project expectations is to support the needs of virtual infrastructure management to obtain self management
The FINLAN ontology supports the network communication used by the Autoi vcpi (Virtual Component Programming interface) 13,
By this, the FINLAN ontology layers can comprehend communication needs as the instantiation, remotion and modification of virtual resources.
DOCS (Distributed Orchestration Component) or ANPI (Autonomic Network programming Interface) and one OWL sample code for this communication is showed bellow:<
As the communication between the Autoi modules is done through UDP transactions or TCP connections, FINLAN can collaborate in this scenario,
by the OWL experiments at the intermediate network layers and the cross layers communication. In the researches of service-centric,
simplifying the communication process with the lower layers. Through the FINLAN Net-Ontology layer, requirements such as Qos and Security, can be requested to the network,
it is observed that the evolution of TCP IP layers to increase the networks communication possibilities, is need a growing
The benefit of this integration for the Autoi Orchestration plane is the use of the ontology at the intermediate layers to support the semantic needs to orchestrate the negotiation between the AMSS and the communications with the network elements.
and extends this functionality as it allows the understanding of the needs for establishing communication through the ontological model adopted.
With the use of the FINLAN library this communication can be done replacing the IP and TCP protocols with the FINLAN representation using OWL over raw sockets for the Net-Ontology
for the communication between the Service Enabler plane and the Management/Knowledge plane implemented by the AMS.
and DL-Ontology layers allowing the semantic communication and network behavior control. From the OWL concepts, the Net-Ontology layer is skillful to receive requests for applications,
the communication Fig. 4. Overview of FINLAN Library Implementation Meeting Services and Networks in the future Internet 349 is ready to be established,
Proposal for Hybrid Communication in Local Networks. In: 8th International Information and Telecommunication Technologies Symposium (2009) 6 Pereira, F. S f.,Santos, E s.,Pereira, J. H. S.,Rosa, P. F
IEEE Global Communications Conference (2010) 14 Rubio-Loyola, J.,Astorga, A.,Serrat, J.,Lefevre, L.,Cheniour, A.,Muldowney, D.,Davy, S.,Galis
Optimization Proposal for Communication Structure in Local Networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Networking and Services, p. 18 (2010) 17 Vanni, R. M. P.:
More generally, we expect to see lightweight semantics appearing throughout the new global communications platform which is emerging through the Future Internet work
. gr 4 Multimedia Communication, Klagenfurt University, Austria christian. timmerer@itec. uni-klu. ac. at 5 PCN, Greece vkoumaras@pcngreece. com,
ktroulos@pcngreece. com 6 VIOTECH Communications, France msidibe@viotech. net 7 Optibase Technologies Ltd, Israel Yaell@optibase. com 8 Applied
1 Introduction One of the objectives of the future communication networks is the provision of audiovisual content in flexible ways and for different contexts, at various quality standards and associated price levels.
Finally, such a system can bring breakthrough opportunities in various domains such as communication industry education, culture and entertainment.
as a mean for quality provision and profit, to allow sustainable new forms of multimedia communications with an increasing importance in the future Internet.
The architecture can support both synchronous communications or publish/subscribed ones. A novel type of service registry with enhanced functionalities allows new services supporting a variety of use case scenarios.
The architecture can support the client-server communication style and also P2p (between HBS) style. 376 H. Koumaras et al.
and private communications. In public traffic no security or privacy guarantees are enforced. Secret content addresses content confidentiality
Private communications is to be adopted when the confidentiality and authenticity of the entire packets, including headers,
IEEE Communications Magazine 47 (7), 27 33 (2009) 5. Zahariadis, T.,et al.:Content Adaptation Issues in the future Internet.
IEEE Communications Magazine 45 (1), 84 90 (2007) 9. Baker, N.:Context-Aware Systems and Implications for Future Internet.
IEEE Communications Magazine 47 (7), 20 26 (2009) 12. Levis, P.,et al.:The Meta-Qos-Class Concept:
IEEE Communications Magazine (June 2005) 14. Timmerer, C.,et al.:Scalable Video Coding in Content-Aware Networks:
Image Communication 24 (9), 691 701 (2009) 6. Tillo, T.,Grangetto, M.,Olmo, G.:Redundant slice optimal allocation for H. 264 multiple description coding.
One of the key developments in this respect is the use of advanced communication and computing infrastructure as part of the Smart Grid.
Agents mark a fundamental difference from conventional software modules in that they are inherently autonomous and endowed with advanced communication capability 10.
On the other side, the spread of the Internet technologies and the rising of new communication paradigms, has encouraged the development of loosely coupled and highly interoperable software architectures through the spread of the Service-Oriented approach,
and the FINES Interoperability Infrastructure (I6-FII), supporting the smooth communication among the great variety of components, services, tools, platforms, resources,(produced by different providers) that compose a FINES. 4 The New
Wireless Personal Communications 53 (3)( 2010) 2. Buxmann, P.,Hess, T.,Ruggaber, R.:-Internet of Services.
Communications of AIS 1 (11)( 1999) 5. Mansell, R. E.:Introduction to Volume II: Knowledge, Economics and Organization.
As one of the first worldwide initiatives provisioning ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) services entirely based on renewable energy such as solar wind and hydroelectricity across Canada and around the world, the Greenstar Network
and Communication Technologies (ICT) 420 K. K. Nguyen et al. because of the alarming growth of indirect GHG emissions resulting from the overwhelming utilization of ICT electrical devices 1. The current approach
in order to achieve communications. Each engine has a state machine which parses commands and decides to perform appropriate actions.
J. of Optical Communications and Networking 1 (2)( 2009) 7. Kiddle, C.:Geochronos: A Platform for Earth Observation Scientists.
which states that a city may be called‘smart'when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources,
Six Living Labs in Rural areas using a common service platform. www. c-rural. eu Networking for Communications Challenges Communities (N4c.
As the upsurge of information and communication technologies (ICT) has become the nervous system of all modern economies,
Urban Communications Abstraction. One of the most urgent demands for sustainable urban ICT developments is to solve the inefficient use (i e. duplications) of existing or new communication infrastructures.
Due to the broad set of heterogeneous urban scenarios, there will be also a pronounced heterogeneity of the underlying communication layers.
So far, through communications abstraction, urban-scale ICT platforms will allow unified communications regardless the different network standards
and will enable data transfer services agnostic to the underlying connection protocol. Furthermore, a major challenge in future urban spaces will be how to manage the increasing number of heterogeneous and geographically dispersed machines
Together with unified communications and information a key functionality of urban ICT Platforms should be to guarantee interoperability at both the application and service levels.
Remote working and e-commerce services for businesses, entertainment and communications for individuals. Advanced location based services, social networking and collaborative crowdsourcing collecting citizens'generated data.
By analyzing these different Smart Cities application scenarios, together with the need of a broadband communication infrastructure that is becoming,
to enablers for accessing multimedia mobile communications or social networks, etc.).Thus the integration of innovative principles and philosophy of Ios will engage collective end-user intelligence from Web 2. 0
As a connection point between two networks (sensors networks deployed throughout the city and the core IP communication network),
traffic control and communication services, will inform and/or alert citizens of different critical situations (i e. urgent medical attention, city services recommendations, etc.)
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