The Pracatum website reports that the process of partnership with public and private institutions with the involvement of the population provides social change in national underserved communities
either by using the internet, either by us, that this relationship enables production, especially in the media,
Email: R. grimm@mmu. ac. uk Innovation: The European Journal of Social science Research, 2013 Vol. 26, No. 4, 436 455, http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/13511610.2013.848163 2013 ICCR Foundation For the first time in more than a generation
One important site for social innovation is the workplace. Workplace innovation has been defined as: a social, participatory process which shapes work organization and working life, combining human, organizational and technological dimensions and resulting in a better quality of working life (Oeij, Klein Hesselink, and Dhondt 2012.
aspirations and values were locked into local social networks or milieu of innovation. However, not all networks are creative and innovative.
Social networks have also been instrumental in creating new forms of local partnerships driving positive change.
that social networks and processes themselves are important resources to anticipate change and to make societies more cohesive and resilient.
The development of the Internet and more particularly social networking sites opened up vast opportunities for user-led innovation that ranges from political activism (the Arab spring,
Numerous applications, including Mozilla, Open-office, Wikipedia, Linux (to name only a few), were developed collaboratively by Open source Community programmers and volunteers.
Therefore, the new technology co-creation community ethos of the Web 2. 0 social media dialog questions not only the developer user/producer consumer dichotomy
Data is an important resource and output of these social media innovations. Opening up government data silos to developers and communities is
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Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management 1 Social network Enhanced Digital City Management and Innovation Success:
A Prototype Design Bih-Ru Lea Wen-Bin Yu Prashanth Kannan University of missouri Rolla ABSTRACT Innovation is the process by
With the advance of technology, social networks that play a fundamental role as a medium for the spread of information, ideas,
This study investigates how social network theories can be used to design and manage a web-based digital city that connects entrepreneurs to influential factors of innovation (e g.,
, supply factor, demand factor, industrial support activities, business strategies and structures) and consequently enhances the innovation process.
A social network can be defined as a set of people, organizations or other social entities, connected by a set of socially meaningful relationships, such as friendship,
Social networks provide participants with opportunities of finding social support, establishing new social or business contacts (Hogg & Adamic,
With the advancements in communication technology, social networking model can be applied in developing a digital city.
Starting from the conception of building social network based web sites in 1999, the focus on this area has increased significantly.
Although both digital cities and social networks could carry out major social and economic advancements (Ishida, 2002a & 2002b),
limited research exists to apply social network concepts to design and construct a digital city to enhance innovation success. Therefore,
the objective of this study is to apply theories from social network and digital city in designing a web-based digital city as a means of connecting individuals to influential factors of innovation and,
consequently, improve probabilities of innovation success. The structure of the paper is as follows: First, a brief literature review on influential factors for innovation success, social networks and digital cities is provided followed by the research methodology.
Subsequently, a case study is used to provide insights on designing and managing a social network based digital city.
This case study presents different means and designs to strengthen an individual's social network, to connect individuals to influential factors of innovation,
and to obtain support needed during the innovation process. Finally, the implications and future research directions are presented. 2 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology
and Information management LITERATURE REVIEW Influential Factors of Innovation Success Influential factors on the success of innovation include supply factors,
Social networks It is believed that innovation success is correlated positively with the opportunity to mobilize and direct resources/support to a solution from different support dimensions during the innovation process.
and direct resources is a function of the strength of his/her social network. Therefore, it is important for an individual to have a strong social network
in order to establish and maintain connectivity to resources needed for innovation success. Consequently, strengthening an individual's social network leads to higher probability for innovation success. A social network is a graph of relationships and interactions within a group of individuals (often called actors in social network literature) and plays a fundamental role
as a medium for the spread of information, ideas, and influence among its members (Churchill et al.,
Figure 4 is an illustration of relationships in a social network. In the figure, elliptical items represent individuals in a social network.
For ease of understanding, only 3 levels of relationships have been depicted in the diagram and only individual 1 (ellipse 1) at 3 B. R. Lea, W. B. Yu & P. Kannan
The social network starts at individual 1 who has a direct social relationship with individuals 2,
A social network can exist if an individual has an acquaintance that can form a social relationship
they are still part of a social network. Though there is a link, it is not strong. These types of links will be considered as end nodes
Just as individuals can link to each other through a social relationship and form a social network network groups (Garton et al.
and C are social network groups and ellipse 13 represents an individual who is not a part of any group.
and is part of this social network. Each social group has a set of individuals who have social links among them
so this scholar's membership in these two networks links the two social networks by forming a path between computer technology researchers and the scholar's friends. 4 Figure 4:
A Social network Illustration. 1 234567891011121312345 6 7 8910111213a B c Figure 5: A Social network Consisting Groups and Individuals.
The basic properties of social networks include size, density, degree, reachability (Hanneman, 2001), connectivity (Stocker, 2001),
and multiplexity (Emirbayer & Goodwin, 1994). Size of the network is indexed by counting the number of nodes in the network (Stocker 2001.
For instance, Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management 5 individuals who are work associates may also be linked by family ties, political affiliations,
A social network provides a venue for storytelling or showcasing projects and best practices and could be leveraged to create new knowledge resources as social networks also allow interpersonal relations to cut across boundaries (i e.,
, neighborhood, workplace, and kinship or class). With application of information and communication technology, social networks become flexible
and can be sustained over distance and are hence helpful in maintaining a community in a mobile society.
Benefits of having a strong social network include opportunities of finding social support, establishing new social
) is based a large Internet site offering a range of online services, including access to social environments, community services, municipal information,
) The construction of a digital city is built often upon social network concepts including common interests or shared goals (Akahani et al.
A conventional social network is built on people while a digital city is built on an online medium with participants consisting of human users and computer programs.
Therefore, a social network based digital city is more flexible (Ishida, 2002b), has more multidimensional means for dissemination activities (Götzl et al.,
2002), and provides more effective and efficient information integration than a traditional social network. Digital cities often apply technology to encourage public participation more effectively and efficiently than traditional forms of social network.
As a result, the network growth rate of digital cities is much higher than traditional social networks.
Without the physical boundaries, digital cities impart and enhance benefits of traditional social networks across time
and space and accelerate and globalize the networking process (Lea et al.,2006). ) Furthermore, a digital city can easily support
and maintain bigger networks more securely than conventional social networks. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLGY Successful innovation is an important factor for economic development.
Ishida, 2002a) and both digital cities and social networks could carry out major social and economic advancements (Ishida, 2002a;
However, limited research exists to address applying social network concepts to design and construct a digital city to support innovation process and, consequently,
the objective of this research is to address how social network theories can be used to design
and manage a web-based digital city that connects entrepreneurs to influential factors of innovation
This study provides sample designs that apply social network concepts to promote and structure social interactions among the users of a digital city
B. R. Lea, W. B. Yu & P. Kannan 2007 Volume 16, Number 3 The I3 is built a social network on an electronic medium to form a digital city that consists of an aggregation
and maintaining a strong social network is time consuming and effort intensive, the objectives of the I3 project are to manage the network of users
and communities to participate in social network activities (e g. exchange of information, resources, or knowledge) Enabling users to learn best practices
collecting and correlating social network data (e g. degree, density, etc.)for innovation success Providing a framework for timely communication and distribution of experiences, contextual information,
only the administrator modules that focus on the management of a social network based digital city is discussed in this study.
and. 6 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 6: Entity Relationship Diagram. 7 B. R. Lea, W. B. Yu & P. Kannan 2007 Volume 16, Number 3 Figure 7:
and search capabilities that allow the administrator to retrieve specific user information for modification or deletion. 8 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 8:
It is important to track social network evolution for every user at all times (Hanneman, 2001) as social interaction can form influential circles that transform innovation into a successful business plan.
a user's initial social network information is maintained by four entities including communication group, social group, influential group,
and used to monitor changes in social network parameters and network evolution of users. The information maintained by the entities is used to calculate the network's key parameters like effective size of the network, density and redundancy,
as shown in Figure 9. These social network measures are calculated dynamically and will change when new users are added to the system.
Partial User Social network information Survey Who Knows Who. 10 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 10:
Therefore, having a strong social network is beneficial in finding social support, establishing new social or business contacts for collaboration (Hogg & Adamic, 2004;
) However, access to sources of resources through person-to-person social networking is laborious, time consuming, and often unfruitful and is not efficient or effective because of geographic distance, topical distance, concept communication, potential advantage recognition,
I3 provides an internal email system that allows users to inquire resource or exchange ideas.
Therefore, I3's email system is desgined to allow users to post messages on their needs
the software agent could 12 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management review all resources available that match the requester's requirements and can direct the resource to the user (this process is done currently by the human administrator),
and key social network statistics, serves as a systematic mechanism to record and evaluate social network performance and knowledge,
and provides leverage to the administrator in making important managerial decisions. Six types of reports in I3 are provided to track resource usage in the system.
and total resource requests by region. 14 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Figure 15:
Case Manager Profile. 16 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management (A as a User (user 1020 in this example)( b) As a System Administrator
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Social networks and digital cities go hand in hand and can positively improve the probability of innovation success. This study documents design
and initial deployment of a digital city project‘Innovation Information Infrastructure (I3)' based on social network concepts to enhance success of innovation through promoting
and collaboration among large groups of participants over computer networks and to encourage the participation of the key players of the digital city to improve cooperation
and collaboration in digital cities and provides an internal email system and resource management that allows interactions among users
or indirect connectedness to improve his or her social network. Table 5. 1 summarizes the key functionalities implemented in I3 and its effect in advancing Social networking and innovation.
Although major functions needed to establish and maintain one's social network are in place, several essential functions are yet to be developed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed social network based digital city prototype.
Personalization and intelligent interaction between digital cities and their users based on user 18 Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management profiles are still challenges.
Forums, chat rooms, and other discussion places need to be developed to provide better participation and collaboration for users.
Business and transaction services are yet to be provided. Also as part of future enhancements, software agents can be developed
and used to survey the threads of messages (in I3's email system) periodically to help the administrator in understanding the requirements of the users in the system
In the entirety, I3 has been successful in implementing social networks but analyzing the data and building a knowledge base would help build a stronger digital community.
Email System Helps make successful business innovations as successful innovations in business are possible by mobilizing
Reporting Collect user perspectives on different issues of Social network ing and forming influential circles through social interaction Questionnaire/Survey,
and can help identify important nodes in the network Social network Analysis ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project is funded by National Science Foundation Award#0332378, Partnerships for Innovation Program, Dr. John hurt Program Director
NTT Laboratory, The Future is Here, CHI, April 1-6, 227-228. Argote, L, . & Ingram, P. 2000).
. & Hayes, J. 2003), Transit Oriented Sustainable Urban Developments-Enhancing Community Consultation through Web Based Virtual Environments, Association for Computing Machinery Inc.,ACM Press, 271
The Internet as Public Space: Concepts, Issues and Implications In public Policy, Computers and Society, September 13-19.
Digital Networks & Social networks, isociety Alex Macgillivray, New Economics Foundation. Downey, J, . & Mcguigan, J. ed)( 1999).
Studying Online Social networks, The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3 (1), http://www. ascusc. org/jcmc/vol3/issue1/garton. html. Götzl,
Introduction to Social network Methods, University of California, Riverside. Hiltz, H r, . & Wellman, B. 1997) Asynchronous Learning Networks As A Virtual Classroom, Communications of the ACM, September, 40,9, 44-49.
Enhancing Reputation Mechanisms via Online Social networks, Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Electronic commerce, EC'04 may 17 20, New york, New york, USA, ACM Press, 236-237.20
Social network Digital City Management Journal of International Technology and Information management Igbaria, M. 1999. The Driving forces In The Virtual Society, Communications of the ACM, December, 42,12, 64-70.
Design Principles for Online communities, Harvard conference on the Internet and Society. Komninos, N. 2002.
Enhancing business networks using social network based virtual communities, Industrial Management and Data systems, 106 (1), 121-138.
& Swiercz, P. 2007), Personal data Collection via the Internet: The Role of Privacy Sensitivity and Technology Trust, Journal of International Technology and Information management, 16 (1), 17-30.
Integrating Public relations Into Web Design, Journal of International Technology and Information management, 12 (1), 1-12.
Consensus and cohesion in simulated social networks, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 4, 4. Vivian, N,
Social networks in Transnational and Virtual Communities, Proceedings of Conference:‘‘Insite Where Parallels Intersect',June, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
An electronic group is virtually a social network, in Kiesler, S. Ed.)Culture of the internet.
Lawrence Erlbaum, 179 205.22 About the Authors Journal of International Technology and Information management i About the Authors Volume 16, Number 3, 2007 Social network Enhanced Digital City Management
Prashanth Kannan conducted research in the area of Social networking/Digital Cities and business innovations and received his MS degree in Computer sciences from University of missouri at Rolla.
An Examination of Internet Effectiveness for Non-work Activities Pruthikrai Mahatanankoon is an Assistant professor of Information systems at the School of Information technology at Illinois State university.
His current research interests focus upon Internet behaviors in the workplace, mobile commerce, and management of IT professionals.
and Web Usage. He has published papers in journals such as Communications of the ACM and Human Systems Management.
internet retail, virtual stores and interactive kiosks to name a few. By 2020, the online channel will become integrated from being an independent silo
Smart is the New Green Smart products with intelligent sensing technology are being integrated with internet technologies to allow systems to react
This will also lead to many Zero initiatives like zero emails, zero time business incubation,
or even replaced by smart products and services, with intelligent sensing technology and internet connectivity driving better optimisation.
and automotive app store based connectivity applications will become a common site on our roads of the future,
integrated fare structures moving towards personal credit cards and even mobile phones, to make the future of connected living as seamless as possible.
For example, built-in mobile hotspots will enable services such as internet radio, video streaming, web browsing and access to content to be downloaded in all connected devices under the same network.
Car infotainment systems embedded with 4G LTE and wireless hotspots will be integrated more seamlessly with home monitoring cameras
and the areas and sectors that are poised for the highest growth. 3 Power Patients proactively make use of Google
the growth of social media (Facebook, Twitter and many others) has helped simplify the collaboration between people, communities and countries encouraging successful innovation.
Another is‘Nemid'a unique digital identity developed for Danish citizens to access government services and private services such as internet banking and postal services. 4. Live Example:
Groupon's collaborative business model is an excellent example of this, which uses collective bargaining over the internet to bring down the prices of services,
thereby offering unmatched discount deals in the market for everyone. Another popular‘value for many'business model is that of sharing and renting.
Mobile devices and social media have been an important driving force for example in the Healthcare industry, par ticularly around the power patient enabling faster
With the internet of things (Iot), web connected products with smartphone apps or access to social networks are increasingly becoming important drivers for Social Innovation as they offer new solutions and accessibility to society.
and business) o There is an opportunity for technology convergence (such as digital intelligence, internet of everything and data analytics in buildings, homes, grids, water networks, hospitals, cities, factories and transport
For more information on Hitachi, please visit the company's website at http://www. hitachi. com. Auckland Bahrain Bangkok Beijing Bengaluru Bogotá Buenos aires Cape town Chennai Colombo Delhi/NCR
dir@sera. ie Website: www. sera. ie Submission on the Draft Consultation Paper for the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 February 2014 Page 2 1. Introduction As part of the ongoing process
including private ICT companies such as Google, Hewlett packard, Microsoft, Accenture and Samsung. The pledges also come from universities, academies and local governments as well as national coalitions
and smartphone applications has the highest potential in terms of job creation. Filling the gaps Moreover, the ICT sector will be in a desperate need for skilled workers, according to experts.
Startup Europe introduced a commission one-stop website for entrepreneurs. Other forums include the Web Investors Forum,
a crowdfunding network and Tech Allstars group run by DG Connect. The conference was chosen to Continued on Page 5 Euractiv ESKILLS FOR GROWTH SPECIAL REPORT 5-9 may 2014 5 launch Watify
Google handles more than a billion searches in the United states every day and stores them all. It took the 50 million most commonly searched terms between 2003 and 2008
Google's system could work in near-real time. Google ran all the terms through an algorithm a way of making a calculation-that ranked the terms by how well they correlated with flu outbreaks.
Then, the system tried combining the terms. With a billion searches a day it would have been impossible for a person to guess which ones might work best.
Google identified 45 terms that strongly coincided with CDC's data on flu outbreaks. The Google trends method has been criticised,
because its been wrong in some instances. However that is not the whole story. It's only been wrong like a weather forecast is wrong,
and ensuring high-speed internet in all schools, he said. Regarding higher education, he stressed, students will benefit from the creation of e-courses
. While this attention to business models for digital platforms initially started in the networked digital industry (telecom, media, entertainment,
and financial aspects 4 No No Donath (1999) Customer understanding, marketing tactics, corporate governance and intranet/extranet capabilities 4 No No Mahadevan (2000) Value stream,
we can‘‘mash up''digital services like Google's maps and Facebook's social newsfeed in no time and on a shoestring budget.
Fax: 44+(0) 1865+279299; E-mail:<<paul. david@economics. ox. ac. uk>Understanding the Digital economy's Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth:
July 12, 1987, p. 36.2 observers, the Chairman of the Fed viewed the rising volume of expenditures by corporations for electronic office and telecommunications equipment since the late 1980's as part of a far-reaching technological and economic transformation in
as a consequence, the emergence of modern computer, telecommunication and satellite technologies have changed fundamentally the structure of the American economy.
The availability of 24-hour telephone reservation desks for airlines, or the construction of worldwide networks for securing hotel, rental automobile,
and reflects the more complete utilization of the local area networks devised for information and resource sharing during the personal computer era.
and related to the foregoing, the development of Internet technology has opened the door to an entirely new class of organization-wide data processing applications as well as enormously enhanced the potential for collective and cooperative forms of work organization.
The common standards defining Internet technology have the fortuitous feature that virtually all personal computers can be configured similarly
and telecommunications components that allow them to be linked through sophisticated networks to other such appliances, mainframe computers and distributed databases,
Seven out of 10 of them have a website. -The percentage of companies with 10 or more employees using mobile broadband rises four points,
6. 7%higher than in 2012.98.3%of Spanish companies with 10 or more employees had an Internet connection in the first quarter 2014.
%)In turn, 87.3%had a Local area network (LAN) installed, and 61.9%had a Wireless Local area network 95.3%of companies were set up with mobile phones.
On the other hand 75.8%of companies with Internet access had a website. In those with 250 or more employees, this percentage reached 95.7%.
%Percentage over the total number of companies with 10 or more employees Number of employees TOTAL 10 to 49 50 to 249 250 or more%of companies with-Computers 99.2 99.1 99.5 99.8-Local area network
87.3 85.9 95.0 97.7-Wireless Local area network 61.9 59.5 74.2 81.1-Internet connection 98.3 98.2 99.1 99.8-Mobile telephony 95.3 94.8 97.8 99.4
-Other technologies (for example GPS, TPV, etc. 38.0 37.5 39.5 47.0%of companies with an Internet connection and website (1) 75.8 73.4 87.5 95.7%of companies that provide their employees with portable devices that allow a mobile connection to the Internet for business
purposes (1) 54.6 50.1 77.2 90.3 (1) Percentage over the total number of companies with an Internet connection Use of ICT infrastructures by company size First Quarter 2014
2 54.6%of companies issued their employees with portable devices, enabling connection to the internet for company use. 36.4%of these were laptop computers,
and 49%were smartphones or PDA phones. Employment and ICT training 25.1%of companies hired ICT experts and 11.1%hired new experts in 2013.
In turn, 22.9%of companies invested in ICT training in 2013. For companies with 250 or more employees, this figure reached 59.8%,that is, six points over that of the last year.
an increase of nearly four points in the use of mobile broadband and in the possession of a website can be observed.
Internet connection and Website (1) Mobile telephone broadband connection (1) Use of the Internet to interact with the Public Administration (1) Fixed broadband connection (1)( 1) Percentage over the total number
of companies with an Internet connection 2013 2014 3 Types of Internet connection 99.9%of companies with 10
or more employees with an Internet connection accessed it via a broadband solution (fixed or mobile).
The technologies used the most were access via DSL solutions (90.4%)and 3g or 4g mobile phones (74.2%).
%)Companies with an Internet connection by type of that connection Percentage out of the total number of companies having 10
or more employees and an Internet connection First Quarter 2014 Number of empoyees TOTAL 10 to 49 50 to 249 250 or more Broadband (fixed or mobile) 99.9 99.8 100.0 100.0 Fixed
78.3 76.1 89.8 95.3-By means of 3g or 4g modem 55.0 51.1 73.7 88.6-By means of Mobile 3g or 4g 74.2 71.7 86.4 92.4
Other mobile connections (GPRS, EDGE, etc. 23.7 21.0 35.8 50.6 Website availability and use The main services offered by companies with 10
or more employees via their website were company introduction (90.5%),privacy policy statement or certification related to website security (65.2%)and access to catalogues and price lists (52.8%).
%)Services available on the website Percentage over the total number of companies with 10 or more employees and an Internet connection First Quarter 2014 Company introduction 90.5 Privacy policy statement or certification
related to website security 65.2 Access to product catalogues or price lists 52.8 Links or references to the social media profiles of the company 34.7 Possibility of electronic submission of complaint forms 26.4 Posting vacancies
or receiving online job applications 21.1 Ordering or booking online 16.9 Online order tracking 11.1 Website customisation for regular users 8. 4 Possibility of customers customising or designing
products 7. 38 4 Seven out of 10 companies used digital signatures in some communication with external agents.
In the year 2013,91. 1%of companies interacted with the Public Administrations via the Internet.
The main objectives were obtaining information from the websites of the Public Administrations (80%%downloading of forms (78.2),
%)Use of social media by companies with 10 or more employees 36.9%of companies used any social media due to work issues.
Among them, 92.4%used social networks (Facebook, Linkedin, Tuenti, Google+,Viadeo, Yammer...40.9%used company blogs or microblogs (Twitter, Presently, Blogger, Typepad etc.
and 39.6%did so with websites that share multimedia content (Youtube, Flickr, Picassa, Slideshare, Instagram...
The social media least used were based Wiki tools for sharing knowledge (website whose pages may be edited by multiple volunteers via a web browser),
representing 12.9%.%The main uses of social media were aimed towards marketing, advertising and image management (72.1%)and as a user information channel (56.8%).
%)Out of the total number of companies, 87.3%stated that social media was useful, to a higher or lesser extent, for the development of their business.
Use of Cloud computing solutions by companies with 10 or more employees At the beginning of 2014 15%of companies used Cloud computing solutions.
Those used the most were information storage (69), %e-mail service (61.4) %and company database server (54.7%).53.4%of the companies that used Cloud computing did so by paying any service existing in servers of shared services suppliers.
Internet connection, Interaction with the Public Administrations, Mobile broadband, Website, Use of Social media and Cloud computing. First quarter 2014 Internet connection Interaction with the Public Administration (1) Mobile Broadband
Connection (1) Internet connection and Website (1) Use of Social media (1) Cloud computing (1) TOTAL 98.3 91.1 78.3 75.8 36.9 15.0 Andalucía 97.6 94.4
) Percentage over the total number of companies with an Internet connection Use of ICT by Autonomous Community and Autonomous City in which the company is headquartered 6 Use of Internet, Website and Mobile broadband by Autonomous Community
Cataluña Asturias, Principado de Mobile broadband Internet and website 7 E-commerce Sales via e-commerce by companies with 10 or more employees 17.8%of companies with 10 or more employees carried out
as compared with 14.0%from the previous year. 12.2%of companies carried out sales via electronic commerce on a website.
as compared with 20.3%the previous year. 26.9%of companies carried out purchases via electronic commerce on a website.
and 24.4%had a Local area network (LAN) installed, according to the data from the first quarter 2014.67.7%of micro-companies had Internet access,
Regarding communications, 76.5%of companies with fewer than 10 employees used mobile phones, compared to the 74.6%of the previous year,
10 28.7%of companies with Internet access had a website. One year prior, this percentage was 29.3%.
-Computers 71.6 72.3-Local area network 24.0 24.4-Wireless Local area network 16.4 17.6-Internet connection 65.7 67.7-Broadband (fixed or mobile) Internet connection (1) 98.5 99.0
21.4 21.7%companies having Internet connection and website/webpage (1) 29.3 28.7 (1) Percentage over the total number of companies with less than 10 employees and an Internet connection Evolution of ICT use in companies with fewer than 10 employees
ICT use also had an uneven behaviour in companies with fewer than 10 employees between the first quarter 2013 and the same period of 2014.
from 56.8%to 66.4%.29.3%56.8%61.4%94.2%28.7%66.4%66.2%92.8%0 25 50 75 100 Internet connection and website (1) Mobile broadband
connection (1) Interaction with the Public Administration by the Internet (1) Fixed broadband connection 1)( 1) Percentage over the total number of companies with an Internet connection 2013 2014 11
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