Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication:


S3 Illes Balears.pdf

4 98,6 Companies with Local area network 90,9 86,4 Companies with internet 97,9 97,2 Companies with broadband 99,5 99,4 Company to use e-commerce 58,7 51,4 Personal computer using 50,1

53,5 Staff using internet 42,7 43,8 Companies with website 66,6 67,0 Companies using digital signature 28,0 24,4 Employees who received ICT training 13,8 17,4 Net

sending completed forms 24,2 25 25,5 HOMES Households with computer 74,1 71,5 Households with Internet 69,0 63,9 Households with broadband 66,5 61,9 Households with mobile phone 96,0

95,1 TV households 99,6 99,5 Population using computer 68,0 69,3 Population accessing Internet 70,1 67,1 Population purchase through internet 22,6 18,9 Source:


SEFEP-SmartGrids_EU_2012.pdf

and increased flexibility of demand e--mobility managing a new kind of high-power mobile demand and storage Making grids smarter therefore needs to be considered as a key element of any transition strategy towards renewable electricity.

The IT and telecom industries are visibly gaining influence while consumer and environmental organisations are not very present.

chairman of the US Atomic energy commission, 1954 5 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Automatic meter reading 6 See case study

http://ec. europa. eu/energy/gas electricity/smartgrids/doc/mission. pdf. SGTF website http://ec. europa. eu/energy/gas electricity/smartgrids/taskforce en

and a stronger representa--tion of the telecom industry) has been appointed by DG Energy. 25 The updated mandate puts a stronger emphasis on regulatory issues as well as on communication and data handling.

http://static. euractiv. com/sites/all/euractiv/files/EED. en12. doc 32 http://sedc--coalition. eu/2012/07/13/press-release--energy-efficiency

DG INFSO regularly organises EC--Telecom--Utility workshops. 4. 3 Main Stakeholders present in the debates at EU level In the different boards

TSOS, DSOS, Regulators, Generation, Renewables, Users, Electrotechnology equipment manufacturers, Telecommunications, Metering manufacturers, Research and development within the electricity companies, Research institutes 35 http://ec. europa

representing companies with a turnover of 35 bn €. It is very active in the EU Smart Grid debate emphasis--41 See e g. http://www. eurelectric. org/Download/News/WN. asp?

http://www. aie. eu/IT and Telecom industry With smart grids the energy sector opens for the logic and the influence of information and communication technologies (ICT).

Strong interest in smart meters and standardization of the last mile to consumers 50 ETNO, European Telecom Networks Operators Association, represents 41 operators in 35 countries (http

European Competitive Telecommunications Association, represents the regulatory and commercial interests of'challenger'electronic communication service providers and their suppliers (http://www. ectaportal. com). EUTC,

European Utilities Telecom Council, represents the telecommunications and information technology interests of Europe's electric, gas and water utilities and other critical infrastructure organisations (http://www. eutc. org).

e g. controlling demand response at the 58 See also http://www. europeanenergyreview. eu/site/pagina. php?

and considered to be one of the largest worldwide. 62 Enel has partnered with Telecom italia and Electrolux for a communications platform for a home area network that will allow for value-added services.

/http://it. answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20110420052340aact417; 65 delibera 292/06 66 http://www. addressfp7. org,(Valtorta et al.

/70 A good overview on international standardisation activities is given by (ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau 2011) See also (Appelrath et al.

On the backdrop of the success of Chinese equipment vendors in the telecom and the renewable energy industry

The EU Smart Grids Debate 34 References For convenience, web references and EU documents are given as web links in the footnotes.

Migrationspfade ins Internet der Energie (acatech Studie. Springer verlag, Heidelberg u. a. Asmus, P.,Lauderbaugh, A.,2012.

IEEE. http://grouper. ieee. org/groups/scc21/1547.4/1547. 4 index. html. ITU Telecommunication Standardization Bureau

Microgrids at Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, p. website. http://der. lbl. gov/.OECD, 2010. Cities and Climate Change.


Smart Specialisation for Economic Change The case of Spain.pdf

website for smart specialisation. Benchmarking analysis on priority setting, policy objectives and measures, monitoring and evaluation systems.


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, ARAGON BACKGROUND.pdf

80 km in the north of Zaragoza the technological park AULA DEI http://www. zaxpark. com/web/guest with a strong focus on agrofood

and territories. 6 Action plan INNOVARAGÓN Policy of Aragon in the field of TIC and information society Aragon adopted a first strategic planning for infrastructures of telecommunication.

in order to reach the EU 2020 objectives aiming at providing 100%of the population with a large broadband at the level of 30 Mbps

and 50%at the level of 100 Mbps. The Region also launched an important process of opening of public sources,


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, ARAGON RIS3.pdf

available On the Web portal Aragon participa Place-based dimension of the RIS3 How can Aragon use innovation to address the challenges?

The structuring of the territory, through infrastructure and telecommunications services Integration of ICT in enterprises Knowledge transfer Boost of egovernment and open Government More challenging over the whole territory,


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, ASTURIAS.pdf

Información Universidad de Oviedo, ver web http://www. uniovi. es 13:00-18:00 Reunión de trabajo en el IDEPA Expert Assessment


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, CANTABRIA.pdf

Nanomaterial, Nanotechnology and advancedmanufacturing Health and Socialwelfare Telecom, Space and new physical/maths applications Social Dynamics,


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, CASTILLA LA MANCHA RIS3 ANEXX.pdf

3 Educación y sociedad de la información Distribución de los centros de educación privados y públicos con conexión a Internet según

/ANEXOS centros con conexión a Internet en el curso 2010 España 99,5%entre la Región y las áreas de capitales españolas

tecnología específica-Tema Prioritario 03, Transferencias de tecnología y mejora de redes de cooperación-Tema prioritario 10, Infraestructuras telefónicas-Tema

Infraestructuras telefónicas (incluidas las redes de banda ancha) 13: Servicios y aplicaciones para el ciudadano (servicios electrónicos en materia de salud, administración pública, 14:

Científica Soft Management of Internet and Learning Materiales Magnéticos (GMM) Aceite de Oliva y grasas (GAO-UCLM) Simplificación, Automatización y Miniaturización de

Páginas web propias de los Parques Científicos y Tecnológicos. CLÚSTERS El Clúster Aeronáutico de Castilla tiene como uno de región.

Servicios de internet y telefonía para seguir en contacto con sus familias y universidades. -Editoriales:

Típicamente el desarrollo de las página web del sector tanto en la vertiente y privada, ha ido evolucionando con rapidez

relevancia de los seguidores de la web y/o del contenido en los medios y redes sociales, la estrategia adoptada

Implica una concienciación y aprovech Existen iniciativas interesantes que testar, ampliar, evaluar como blogs propiciados por la administración para difundir

las bondades del turismo regional (ej. http://www. turismocastillalamancha. com/blog/clubes Los diferentes agentes del sistema de I+D+i tienen

Conexión a Internet. El 100%de los ciudadanos castellano Internet, utilizando una tecnología diferente según el lugar de residencia (97,86%por ADSL;

0, 03%por satélite 2mbps; 0, 92%a través de WIMAX, el 0, 78%a través de 3g y el 0, 41%restante puede acogerse a la solución

de/ANEXOS CLM. de la productividad de la UE y el 4, 5%de su PIB, y que generan el

25%de. facilitadoras del uso de las TIC (Internet, telefonía móvil. castellano-manchegos tienen la posibilidad de conectarse a cnología 99 e RIS3 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA acceso de 1 Mbps incluida dentro

del ámbito del nuevo servici vigor el pasado 1 de enero de 2012. Asimismo, en el año 2012 finalizó un proyecto para aumentar la cobertura del servicio de acceso de banda en zonas

rurales de Castilla acceso de velocidad mínima de 2 Mbps a más de 400 pequeños núcleos de población rurales donde los

Centros públicos de acceso a Internet Sociedad de la Información, existe una Red de Centros Públicos de acceso gratuito a internet.

%)-Respecto a usuarios de internet, en último año, el acceso a redes sociales se ha disparado al 59,5%,casi 10 puntos por

empleados el 55,2%de las empresas disponen de acceso a Internet. De ellas el 95

8%cuenta con una conexión de Banda ancha y el 21%cuenta con página Web.

/ANEXOS servicio universal de telecomunicaciones que entró en Castilla-La Mancha, con el fin de proporcionar. os Internet.

datos son los Castilla-La Mancha accede a Internet y el 61,6%a Internet de banda uno de los indicadores que mayor crecimiento

En el del total de los usuarios de Internet. ta 100 o un servicio de. s tecnologías en la o

l RIS3 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA-Por otro lado, el 97,7%las empresas de más de 10 empleados disponen de Internet

De las empresas con acceso a Internet el 34,3%es mediante telefonía móvil de Banda ancha (módem 3g.

El que se le da a Internet es la búsqueda de información (95,3%)y servicios bancarios y financieros (85%.

-Respecto a la utilización de la administración electrónica por los ciudadanos podemos ciudadanos ha obtenido información de páginas web de la

PP. a través de Internet y el 59,1%realiza la gestión administrativa completa de forma telemática.

De ellas, el 82,1%de las decir que ya el 52%de los eractuado Internet para consulta y descarga de formularios.

-Considerar la inclusión del servicio básico de 2 Mbps dentro del ámbito del servicio universal.

/ANEXOS uciones isponibilidad GHZ. las CCAA. de normas, estándares y herramientas. grama certifiquen que un sitio web ofrece al ciudadano

"Acceso rápido y ultrarrápido a internet",la red debe ser muy rápida para favorecer el crecimiento económico Necesitamos internet más rápido

y garantizar, para 2020 que todos los europeos tengan acceso a unas velocidades de internet muy sup encima de los 30

Mbps, y el 50%o más de los hogares europeos estén abonados a accesos a internet por encima de los 100 Mbps

de 900 MHZ, se establece que Telefónica debe invertir 80 millones de euros en infraestructuras de comunicaciones móviles mediante sistemas

UMTS u otros sistemas terrestres incluidos en el anexo de la Decisión de la Comisión Europea 2009/766/CE MHZ

A Vodafone En la banda de 800 MHZ los operadores que resulten adjudicatarios y que dispongan de 10 MHZ pareados en la banda de 800 MHZ deberán completar

el fin de alcanzar una cobertura que permita el acceso a una velocidad de 30 megabits por segundo (Mbps) o superior

han obtenido licencias de ámbito au Inclusión del servicio básico de 2 Mbps dentro del ámbito del servicio universal estipulado

Como acceso de banda ancha básica se entiende a aquellos accesos de velocidades inferiores a 10 Mbps. Sin embarg como acceso de

banda ancha aquel acceso que garantiza una velocidad descendente igual al de un servicio de acceso primario (2. 048 Kbps

que han obtenido licencia en la embargo, la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones considera actualmente acceso de 2 Mbps dentro del

Para garantizar un servicio de acceso de 30 Mbps en el año 2020, es preciso desplegar infraestructuras terrestres.

año 2020 (30 Mbps para todos los ciudadanos. Promover la fabricación y disponibilidad de terminales móviles en la banda de 2. 6 GHZ.

Castilla-La Mancha en redes donde los operadores no están r proveedores a través de internet y tecnologías web, y realizando sus

mer FORTALEZAS/ANEXOS la concienciación de la población. web ofrece al ciudadano garantías de toma de decisiones. rural.

Intensificar el posicionamiento de Castilla en Internet con apoyo a sectores clave como promoción turística y cultural.

es Actividades de Comunicación y Publicidadris3 Castilla 1 Página Web de la RIS3 2 Comunicación en medios de comunicación 3

Ríos Defez Jesús Ochoa Bleda ESCUDO WEB SOFTWARE SLNE Centro de Innovación de Infraestructuras Inteligentes Lorente Piqueras S. A. Luis


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, CASTILLA LA MANCHA RIS3.pdf

Puesta en marcha de la web RIS3 en el Portal de la Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes.

elaboraci web Reuni Transferencia de Tecnolog para presentar los trabajos realizados en la RIS3 hasta la fecha.

-Distribución porcentual del ancho de banda en centros con conexión a Internet en el curso 2010-2011 Infraestructuras de transporte En

y públicos con conexión a Internet según determinantes de la vertebración territorial para se detalla:

Montero Francisco José Ríos Defez Grupo In-Nova Samuel Álvarez González IDN Servicios Integrales S l Antonio Jesús Ochoa Bleda ESCUDO WEB

Del mismo modo, a través de la Web Institucional, el Gobierno regional ciudadana, habilitando para ello cuestionarios de opinión y participación.

de las TIC posicionamiento de Castilla-La Mancha en Internet con apoyo a la promoción turística y cultural.

-Página web-Jornadas-Cursos y seminarios. Medida 1. 3: Normativa de reformulación del A través de esta estrategia de especialización, la Comisión regional de Ciencia y Tecnología promoverá la adopción

-Que los ciudadanos de la región tengan disponibles el 100 y de sus documentos para descargar en la web.

de penetración de Internet en avanzando, junto con el resto de AAPP, en temas como la interoperabilidad, 100%de trámites

a) Promover los alojamientos rurales conectados, para la informatización de la gestión, mejora de la web y marketing online. b) Creación

-Página Web-Seminario de Presentación-Identidad Corporativa-Jornadas Anuales RIS3 CLM-Creación de un Boletín informativo-Realización de un catálogo

CEI3 M 1. 4 Colaboración público-M 1. 5 privada EUROCOPTER M 1. 6 WEB PÚBLICA CTI-EMPRENDE M 1. 7 Normativa de reformulación

, una n aplicación de del INE y RIS3 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA Denominación indicador%trámites y gestiones disponibles en Internet Unidad

Internet Unidad Porcentaje Recogida de datos Mesa de Seguimiento de la RIS3 de CLM solicitará la información al Cálculo Se

registrará Administración Pública de Castilla realizar íntegramente por Internet Frecuencia de registro Cada año la Mesa de Seguimiento de la

y pyme) Programa de alojamientos rurales conectados, para la informatización de la gestión, mejora de la web marketing online Creación de

Internet 63%73%%hogares con conexión a banda ancha fija sobre total hogares Indicadores de resultado Valor base Objetivo 2018 Indicadores

Actividades de Comunicación y Publicidad 2020 1 Página Web de la RIS3 2 Comunicación en medios de comunicación 3 Seminario

Publicidad-RIS3 Castilla-La Mancha 2014 CLM oambiente Investigación reforzar la iarios 2014-RIS3 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA 5. Página Web

El sitio web del programa se actualizará regu los actores del sistema de I+D+i y referidos a las actividades innovadoras que

Es deseable que las páginas web de todos aquellos actores Castilla-La Mancha prevean enlaces directos a este sitio. 6. Comunicación en

región (conferencias de prensa y difusión de la información (radio, TV, prensa escrita, páginas web, etc.

encuentros entre promotores de proyectos, conferencias de prensa etc. 144 Castilla-La Mancha Se ha incorporado en la Web institucional del

que incluirá aspectos de información y comunicación cuatrimestral, de la RIS3 de Castilla podrá descargar en la página web, o

web concesión así como el procedimiento de otorgamiento Castilla-La Mancha Castilla-La regionales, drá web.

y la evaluación se determinan los siguientes ind ACTUACIONES Página WEB RIS3 CLM Difusión en los medios de comunicación Jornada

IMPACTO N de visitas Grado de utilización y accesibilidad sitio WEB N de ruedas de prensa y notas de prensa n

RIS3 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA 6. Cuadro resumen plan de comunicación Destina tarios Actuaciones Objetivos Estratégicos Beneficiarios directos público en general Página WEB

Cultura y Deportes N de eventos realizados Indicadores de Impacto Grado de utilización y accesibilidad sitio WEB n de ciudadanos que


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, CASTILLA Y LEON BACKGROUND.pdf

The NRC on Human Evolution (CENIEH), linked to the Atapuerca archaeological site, and the Centre for Ultrashort Ultraintense Pulsed Lasers (CLPU) in Salamanca.


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, CASTILLA Y LEON RIS3 DOCUMENT.pdf

Castilla y León has a good development of telecommunications infrastructures. Since January 2012, broadband coverage throughout the region has been available (universal service.

As for speeds, 64.3%of the population has access to 30 Mbps broadband, and 53.3%to 100 Mbps. From 2010 to 2013, the percentage of residents with broadband Internet access increased significantly, with 18.90 percentage points.

However, broadband penetration is below the national average. Castilla y León's significant area as well as the dispersion of its population has caused difficulties in telecommunication infrastructure deployment.

As for ICT use by citizens the percentage accessing the Internet has improved in 2013 and is now above the national average for the first time.

Additional noteworthy data is the positive evolution of technology by the youngest part of the population, especially in the 10 to 15-year-old age range.

an effort made closer in the last two years. 80.8%of total online services can be carried out completely via the Internet.

93%of companies with Internet connection interacted with the Regional Government in 2012 (which has been above the national average for the last three years).

Satellite technologies and mobile broadband make service extension easier. Companies Increase in consumer demand for new digital contents.

social networks, mobility, and geolocation services; telecommuting; cloud computing, and new pay-peruse models, Open Data; new models for collaboration with other companies.

High percentage of the population that shows a lack of interest in ICT among people who do not use the Internet.

THREATS Territory Low profitability in the area for operators for telecommunication infrastructure in the rural environment.

Difficulty in extending telecommunications infrastructures due to the differentiated application and specificity of particular aspects of environmental and urban planning standards.

such as mobile applications and technology, cyber security, Big data, Internet of the Future, Cloud computing, all of which are crosscutting technologies for any economic activity

6. 1 The deployment of telecommunications networks and services to ensure digital connectivity. 6. 2 Develop the digital economy for companies growth

Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. 5 European Statistics Office. 6 Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Information Society.


SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY, CASTILLA Y LEON RIS3.pdf

New technologies (satellite, mobile broadband) instead of infrastructures. New trends: social networks, mobility and geolocation; telework; Cloud computing, pay--peruse models;

Open Data, demand for contents, more usable technologies closer to citizens, etc. Growing possibilities for use of ICT in the public sector (energy saving, education, health, social care.

Components & Equipment Agro--food Health & Quality of life Energy & Environment Habitat Tourism, Heritage & Spanish language 1. Encourage the deployment of telecommunications networks


Smart specializations for regional innovation_embracing SI.pdf

'‘new global protest movements'and in developing practices around social media. It is also being brought to bear in recognised policy domains,

brokering services and trading sites aimed at SMES (Gann and Dodgson (2007: 12). Notions such as user innovation (Von Hippel, 2005) and‘user-led innovation'highlight the source from

Co-creation has been boosted as a result of the growth of social media (OECD, 2007. There is now an extensive and growing literature on the impact that internet and social media tools (such Facebook, Twitter and Instagram,

often supported by mobile technologies) are having on patterns of business and social interaction. Radical claims are being made for social media technologies

and the empowering effect they are having in elevating the role of the consumer in the innovation process, both with firms and with each other in terms of new peer-to-peer relationships.

Google, for example, tested Gmail, Google Circles and Google+in this way. Summarizing a decade of innovation research around the impact of digital technologies,

and local government levels in adopting social media tools (GOSS Interactive, 2013). The main objectives of investment were improving web site presence and greater and richer interaction with customers.

and by the perceived‘read-write'characteristics associated with Web 2. 0 and social media (Chadwick, 2009).

A number of initiatives are emerging at local government level12 in Europe in terms of interactive webs, wikis,

a region is more likely to be a node in a European or global network. Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:

are prepared increasingly to experiment with social network technologies-from simple systems like Skype to other more sophisticated tele-presence systems

Pioneering private sector firms like Google and Dyson demonstrate an enlightened sense of self-interest when they give talented employees

http://download. springer. com/static/pdf/892/art%253a10.1007%252fs10734-009-9265-2. pdf? auth66=1386674945 c1a7b477f41e2ce0a6b68b2c6fff6400&ext=.

Edward Elgar Castells, M. 2001) The Internet Galaxy. Oxford: Oxford university Press Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:

http://www. socientize. eu/sites/default/files/Green%20paper%20on%20citizen%20science%202013. pdf Last accessed 15.12.13 CEC (2013g) Social innovation

research in the European union Approaches, findings and future directions policy review Chadwick, A. and Howard, P. N. 2009) New directions in internet politics research, in Chadwick, A. and Howard

, P. N. 2009 (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Charles, D.,Gross, F. and Batchler, J. 2012) Smart Specialisation and Cohesion Policy A strategy for all regions?

http://www. eprc. strath. ac. uk/iqnet/downloads/IQNET REPORTS (Public)/ Thematicpaper30 (2) Final. pdf Last accessed 17.10.13 Chesbrough,

) Public sector digital engagement and social media. Plymouth, UK: GOSS. Retrieved from: http://www. gossinteractive. com. Haddock, S v. 2013) Introduction:

http://www. innovationfutures. org/sites/default/files/INFU%20final%20report%20march%202012 0. pdf Lévesque, B. 2013) Social innovation in governance and public

http://www. nesta. org. uk/sites/default/files/making innovative places. pdf Last accessed 3. 11.13 Smart Specialisation for Regional Innovation:

http://www. nesta. org. uk/sites/default/files/connect collaborate innovate. pdf Last accessed 3. 11.13 NESTA (2008:

New approaches to transforming public services http://www. nesta. org. uk/sites/default/files/social innovation policy brief cover. pdf Noya A. ed.)(2009) The Changing Boundaries of Social Enterprises.

OECD (2007) Participative Web and User Created Content: Web 2. 0, Wikis and Social networking. Paris:

OECD. Available for download at: http://www. oecd. org/fr/sti/ieconomie/participativewebandusercreatedcontentweb20wikisandsocialnetworking. htm OECD (2008b)‘ Shaping Policies for the Future of the internet economy'.

'Prepared for the OECD Ministerial Meeting on the Future of the Internet Economy, Seoul, Korea, 17-18 june 2008.

OECD (2010) SMES, Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Paris: OECD OECD (2011) Fostering Innovation to Address Social Challenges, Workshop Proceedings, http://www. oecd. org/sti/inno/47861327. pdf Oeij, P

. R. A.,Dhondt, S.,Korver, Ton. 2011) Workplace Innovation, Social Innovation, and Social Quality International Journal of Social Quality, 1, 2, 31-49 (19) Oosterlynck, S. 2013)‘ Introduction:

how social media changes the way we live and do business, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons RESINDEX (2013) A regional index to measure social innovation.


SMEs inventive performance and profitability in the markets for technology.pdf

Incases wherethisinformationwasnotavailablefromcurrentcompanies'websites, orifthecompanies'websiteswerenolongeractive, the Internetarchive'swaybackmachinewasusedtovisitthepast websites (Yadavetal. 2007). ) Dataon firms'inventiveportfolios wascollectedusingpatstat.

<http://www. wipo. int/export/sites/www/freepublications/en/licen sing/903/wipo pub 903. pdf>.Wooldridge, J. M.,2002.


SMEs, Entrepreneurship and Innovation.pdf

download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs,

websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given.

All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd. org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public

To download the matching Excel spreadsheet, just type the link into your Internet browser, starting with the http://dx. doi. org prefix.

and your PC is connected to the Internet, simply click on the link. You'll find Statlinks appearing in more OECD books.

Volume II Proceedings of the Brasilia Conference, OECD, Paris. OECD (2008), Open Innovation in Global networks, OECD:

significantly enhance their web facilities, and engage in e-business capabilities to help reduce their costs

In order to create national coherence and synergies between the centres, a common webpage, telephone number, user evaluation system, intranet, competencies development programme,

Deutsche telekom and Siemens to initiate the High-tech Gründerfonds. The amount of capital provided by the fund's investors totalled EUR 272 million.

Current CSETS are in pharma-biology, digital enterprise, nanotechnology, regenerative medicine, telecommunications, software engineering, biomedical diagnostics,

next-generation localisation and sensor webs. ii) Technology Transfer Offices (TTOS) A fund of EUR 30 million has been made available to improve the knowledge flow between higher education and the enterprise sector.

%The Entrepreneurs Fund also supported mainly the creation of IT firms (35%)followed by electronics and telecommunication (25%.

but instead requires a web of relationships among firms, research organisations and governments. Knowledge flows are the quintessence of an innovation system,

thereby underscoring the importance of social networks. Adragna and Lusardi (2008), on the other hand, single out gender and age as the key determinants of entrepreneurship;

and telecommunications has made it possible for firms to separate production from management, with the former being relocated to areas with same-sector specialisation

Knowledge spillovers decay with distance Unlike information that can be exchanged easily through the Internet, the knowledge that drives long-term growth is technical, detailed and context-specific (Auerswald, 2007).

Examples include transitions from telephone handset production to mobile Internet system design or from vehicle production to GPS, road sensing and safety equipment (OECD, 2007b.

ICT, electronics and telecommunications), companies tend to look for partners to keep up with new developments within the same sector and in related industries.

Tolerance and access to social networks appear to be key factors in attracting skilled, entrepreneurial and career-minded people.

post and telecommunications (64; computer and related activities (72; research and development (73). 3. An overview on the ORBIS database is given in Annex 3. A1. 4. Patent protection can be sought abroad

Green Specific skills to modify products, services or operations due to climate change adjustments, requirements or regulations (e g. water purification and site remediation planning/engineering in mining, solar panels

The website of the project (www. ccss. jhu. edu/index. php? section=content&view=9&sub=10 accessed on 28 october 2009) reports that:

therefore, at pursuing both radical and incremental social changes. 5. Is social entrepreneurship a local phenomenon or a global one?

p. 1). Social networks based on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are also gaining importance both as social innovation in themselves and as producers of social change (De Biase, 2009),

five-year IDA pilot project with 13 competitively selected community partner sites operating 14 programmes in a mix of urban and rural locations across the country.

Supported by the Brazilian National Secretariat for Economic Solidarity, partner of several Brazilian traditional banks, supported by global networks of social economy organisations;

www. iledefrance. fr. 5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION SMES, E 202 NTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 The following provides an outstanding example of how social media

and social networks can contribute to connect people and good causes. In this case a web based platform has opened up the boundaries of donation mechanisms to support among others also social enterprises and socially innovative initiatives.

Box 5. 10. Social Impact Bonds (United kingdom) Social Finance was created from the Commission on Unclaimed Assets,

www. socialfinance. org. uk/downloads/SIB REPORT WEB. pdf. Box 5. 11. ammado: A global platform harnessing social media for social goods ammado is a global platform

which connects nonprofit organisations, sociallyresponsible companies and engaged individuals in a unique environment of shared interests.

and power of Web 2. 0. It was founded as a mission-based, for-profit enterprise, in Dublin in 2005 by a serial entrepreneur, Peter Conlon,

and challenges in harnessing social media for social good. After four years of building the ammado platform the site was launched in June 2008

and is currently available in 12 languages (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, traditional and simplified Chinese) connecting individuals from 130 countries

A global platform harnessing social media for social goods (cont. nonprofits to promote their cause (s)

The integration of company profiles, vast and various web tools and a secure donation interface called the Giving Circle make ammado a one-stop shop. ammado facilitates charitable contributions from everyone, worldwide,

A wave of response from Italians and others around the world wanting to send immediate relief was being thwarted by a series of difficulties on the IRC site,

from language (many 2nd 3rd generation Italians do not have command enough of the language to navigate an Italian-language site) to payment methods accepted (to date,

many Italian npo sites require a bank transfer or Italian credit card, limiting international donations. As a stopgap, The irish Red cross and American Red cross accepted donations through ammado and spread the word about their initiative.

In addition to online donation capabilities, ammado offers giving vouchers and interactivity with other social networks like Facebook and Twitter.

Nonprofits can add the Donate Now box to their Facebook Fan Pages. The ammado donations widget is one of the platform's latest features.

vibrant space, the same size as an iphone screen and can sit on any website,

blog or social network profile that can accept embeddable HTML. It has a welcoming image which invites visitors to donate.

By clicking donate they are brought through the donation process then and there without navigating away from the site/blog.

In 2008, Edelman Goodpurpose released a study on Mutually beneficial marketing: Why business and brands need a good purpose,

very wide boundaries from gay partnerships to new ways of using mobile phone texting, and from new lifestyles to new products and services.

post and telecommunications; computer and related activities; research and development. Learning failure A type of systemic failure occurring


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