According to that provision, online intermediaries providing"storage of information supplied by a recipient of the service"(hosting services such as social networks,
and others issues through engaging customers in meaningful conversations through a variety of media, especially via websites and online social networks, rather than by simply talking at customers through traditional media.
Use social neworks (Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin etc. selectively and carefully to promote product-related environmental messages.
Crowdcube articles www. crowdcube. com/pg/press-29 Seedrs blog blog. seedrs. com Funding Circle articles www. fundingcircle. com/about-us/in-the-news
1 Abrahamson E.,Rosenkopf L. 1997), Social network Effects on the Extent of Innovation Diffusion: A Computer simulation, Organization Science, Vol. 8, No.
Intranational Twitter followers outweigh their countries'share of the overall global Twitter population...18 Figure E. 2. 1:
Although social network 3 The term‘active internet users'refers to individuals who use the internet every day or every other day (Unimccann 2012.
Microblogging is the use of social network services specifically created for the sharing of brief entries and content,
such as Jaiku or Twitter. 18 services are perceived as global platforms, 84.2%of Facebook relationships and a large percentage of Twitter relationships were found to be clustered along country lines (Gonzalez et al. 2011;
Kulshrestha et al. 2012; Ugander et al. 2011), as illustrated in Figure E. 1. 3. Consequently, the future may be potentially less globalised
Ultimately, it is likely that the growing population of individuals using social networks will disclose increasing quantities of personal information online,
Intranational Twitter followers outweigh their countries'share of the overall global Twitter population Source: Kulshresta et al.
online social networks have been found to be an effective influencing tool for political participation in some cases,
Similarly, the evidence suggests that the use of social network services may be a tool for the empowerment of minorities.
Media and agency in the new networked public sphere,"London School of economics blogs, 2012. As of 08/03/2013:
http://blogs. lse. ac. uk/polis/2012/10/30/new-paper-communicating-for-change-mediaand-agency-in-the-new-networked-public-sphere/Beckett, Charlie,
Social networks, Job search Methods and Reservation Wages: Evidence for Germany, Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, DIW Berlin Discussion Paper No. 1055.
,"Blogs and the New Politics of Listening,"The Political Quarterly, Vol. 76,2005, pp. 272-280.
Understanding and enabling online social networks to support healthy behaviors. In advances in Social Computing (pp. 169-169.
Springer Berlin Heidelberg. emarketeer,"Social networking Reaches Nearly One in Four Around the World"."As of June 18, 2013:
understanding the locality effect in twitter,"arxiv preprint arxiv: 1105.3682,2011. Goolsbee, Austan, and Jonathan Guryan,"The impact of Internet subsidies in public schools,"The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 88, No. 2, 2006, pp. 336-347.
Social networks on the Web, Cambridge university Working Paper. As of 15 april 2012: http://www. econ. cam. ac. uk/faculty/goyal/wp11/socialnetworksweb8. pdf 45 Granovetter, Mark S,"The strength of weak ties,"American journal
Information revelation and privacy in online social networks. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society (pp. 71-80.
The role of social networks in online shopping: information passing, price of trust, and consumer choice.
)" Geographic Dissection of the Twitter Network.""ICWSM. Kuziemko, I, . and Stantcheva, S.,Our Feelings About Inequality:
http://opinionator. blogs. nytimes. com/2013/04/21/ourfeelings-about-inequality-its-complicated/?/r=0 Lansing, K,
blog, 2012. As of 08/03/2013: http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/07/06/so-the-united-nations-affirms-internetfreedom-as-a-basic-right-now-what/Niessen, Jan and Thomas Huddleston, Becoming citizens:
Europe's major obstacle to integrating immigrants, Migrant Integration Policty Index (MIPEX), 11 may 2011. As of 22 august 2013:
http://www. mipex. eu/blog/becoming-citizens-europe%E2%80%99s-major-obstacle-to-integratingimmigrants Nisbet, Erik C, Elizabeth Stoycheff,
How does online social networking enhance life satisfaction? The relationships among online supportive interaction, affect, perceived social support, sense of community,
. & Vitak, J.,Online Social network Sites and the Concept of Social Capital, Frontiers in New Media Research, 15,115, 2010.
"Social network Analysis and Mining: 1-15. Stoica, E. A a. G Pitic, and A i. Tara,"Crawling-A Solution For Efficient E-Government.
and Barry Wellman,"Geography of Twitter networks,"Social networks, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2012, pp. 73-81.
"New york times blog, As of 08/03/2013: http://bits. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/07/06/so-the-united-nations-affirms-internetfreedom-as-a-basic-right-now-what/58 Tsoukalas, I. A,
. & Siozos, P. D.,Privacy and anonymity in the information society challenges for the European union, The Scientific World Journal, 11,458-462,2011.
and Cameron Marlow,"The anatomy of the facebook social graph,"arxiv preprint arxiv: 1111.4503,2011. Uhlenberg, P. ed.),International Handbook of Population Aging, Chicago, Ill.:
Web 2. 0 wikis and social networking: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2007. Vodanovich, Shahper, Sundaram, David, Myers, Michael,"Research Commentary Digital Natives and Ubiquitous Information systems,"Information systems Research, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2010, pp. 711-723.
Exploring the Role of Social networks in the 2008 Presidential Nomination Contest,"The Harvard Networks in Political science Conference, 2008.
and economic opportunity interact with shifts such as cloud computing, social networking, the internet of things, synthetic biology, the makers movement and advanced manufacturing.
Blog on Innovationmanagement. se. 16. Stam, E. et al. 2012), Ambitious Entrepreneurship A Review of the academic literature and new directions for public policy, Report for the Advisory Council for Science and Technology Policy (AWT) and the Flemish Council for Science
120 120 120 120 120 a Standardized coefficients are reported blog-transformed+p<0. 10*p<0. 05**p<0. 01***p<0
social networks in the surgical instrument cluster of Sialkot-Development and Change-Pakistan. Development and Change, 30 (1), 141-175.
because a long career path brings broader social networks and effectiveness in building new ties (Mosey & Wright 2007).
and social networks among private firms and university researchers that are viewed as a central component of third generation innovation models.
and the creation of a focused cooperative education program with some of the universities and innovative companies as a means to strengthen the social networks between firms and universities.
which RETA faces in terms of the need to intensify the social networks and linkages between innovative firms in the region and the existing technology parks without the option of physical co-location.
the increasing use of telecommunications technology and the creation of denser social networks through intermediary agents,
3. Absorptive Capability and Organizational Learning Theory 27 4. Social network in Organizational Contexts 32 5. Entrepreneurial Orientation 35 6. Innovativeness 39 VIII
a brief of main studies 30 Table 5. Social network in CE: key reasons 34 Table 6. Entrepreneurial Orientation what we need to know to understand the concept 37 Table 7. Industrial classification of samples selected
Theoretical Framework Resource-based view Contingency Theory Resource-based view Social network Theory Resource-based view Absorptive capability and Learning Theory Research
Self-elaborated 32 4. Social network in Organizational Contexts Approximately 30 years ago, an important new area of research within the organizational context emerged.
The starting point of the study of social networks was drawn on a broader revitalization of the field of economic sociology (Hoang and Antoncic, 2003.
The entrepreneur is embedded in a social network that plays a critical role in the entrepreneurial process (Aldrich and Zimmer, 1986.
In this sense, Brass (1992) defines social networks as a set of actors (individuals or organizations) and a set of linkages between them.
Social network research in organizational contexts highlights topics such as social capital, embeddedness, organizational networks, board interlocks, joint ventures and inter-firm alliances (see Borgatti and Foster, 2003;
) Consistent with the arguments provided by network research in organizational contexts we can state that the field of organizational behavior moves away from an exclusive focus on individuals to consider people in organizations in terms of their embeddedness in social networks.
Table 5 shows ten key reasons (arranged chronologically) why it is important to consider the social network from the corporate entrepreneurship perspective.
Table 5. Social network in CE: key reasons Main idea Study 1 The presence of colleagues/partners in the entrepreneurs'personal networks is strongly related to all performance measures.
Hoang and Antoncic (2003 p. 166) 35 Table 5. Continued Main idea Study 7 A focus on the social networks of organization leaders is likely to enhance our understanding of organizational behavior.
Kilduff and Brass (2010 p. 309) 10 Social networks are influential in explaining the processes of knowledge creation, diffusion, absorption, and use.
Aldrich and Zimmer (1986) pointed out that the entrepreneur is embedded in a social network that plays an important role in the entrepreneurial process.
) Social networks can be defined as a set of actors (individuals or organizations) and a set of linkages between these actors (Brass, 1992;
the potential synergy between firms and their social networks can generate capabilities in learning that play an important role in creating
Members of social networks can directly influence the propensity to assume greater or lesser risk activities. 72 In addition, Ripollés and Blesa (2005;
2006) found a direct causal contribution of the entrepreneur's contact frequency with members of his/her families or social networks into a firm's entrepreneurial behavior.
For example, Birley (1985) found that social networks provide the main sources of help in assembling the resources needed;
social networks, cooperative networks, marketing information networks, reputation networks, and cooperative technology networks that, according to Lechner and Dowling (2003), enable growth in different stages of firm development.
For public policy-makers, the findings indicate that the social network approach, as well as entrepreneurial spirit in companies'environments, can be valuable to society as a whole
and strategy management by investigating the impact of a firm's resources and capabilities such as EO, social networks and innovativeness on its performance.
our findings indicate that the social network approach, as well as entrepreneurial spirit in SMES, can be valuable to society as a whole
-Reinforces the social network and the entrepreneurial spirit of the SMES to obtain potential growth, thus generating wealth and employment;
Entrepreneurship through social network. In The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, Sexton, D. L. and Smilor, R. Eds.
a social network approach to leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 17,419-439. Barney, J. 1991. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage.
a social network perspective. In Research in Politics and Society, Moore, G. and Whitt, J. A. Eds.
Social network research in organizational contexts: a systematic review of methodological issues and choices. Journal of Management, 38,1328-1361.
Social networks and entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28,1-22. Griffin, P. A.,Lont, D. H. and Sun, Y. 2010.
a social network perspective. Journal of organizational behavior, 31,309-318. Kirbach, M. and Schmiedeberg, C. 2008.
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+32 (0) 2 502 31 34 Twitter:@@Ecommerce eu Global Global €1, 173.5 bn+13.6%Total B2c e-sales 2013 of goods and services 1 2 3 73.4%Share of Internet users
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and market failures and drivers The cluster originated from a tight social network among biotechnology firms, venture capital and research institutions.
Next to the social network effect, also the heterogeneity of individuals and organisation regarding knowledge, skills and experiences contributed to the succes of the cluster.
collaboration PPP and VC Strong social networks of university graduates and ex-employees of large companies that start their own company Capabilities World leading scientists on biotechnology Very
However, the CEO of the Quebec Photonics Network sees the relatively dense social network of Québec City confined to a relatively small area as a reason why collaboration might be easier.
A Social network Analysis of the Quebec Optics and Photonics Cluster, Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference 2004.
including blogs and internet-based communities 38. A typical example of using social resources to innovate is the popular phenomenon of open source software 71 and the current Threadless Community 72
such as the growing online social networks and other collaborative communities for knowledge exploration 36,94. Moreover, little work has been done on downstream networks exploiting existing knowledge 91.3.13.
Online social networks: Enlarging the knowledge exploration landscape The OI model stresses the importance of using a broad range of sources for innovation and commercialisation activities by firms.
Online social networks are used frequently by firms as one of these channels but NSI scholars have not heeded them enough to date 95.
An illustrative case of online social networks is the trend towards open source software 71. An oft-given example is the Linux Foundation.
Online social networks may solve problems for current business development or pool ideas 97 for future business development.
and profit-seeking organisations are linked up in online social networks. Individuals are assigned carefully to certain communities, for example, those serving a given sector.
Sci. 17 (4)( 2006) 484 500.95 R. Cachia, R. Compañó, O. Da Costa, Grasping the potential of online social networks for foresight, Technol.
such as moving from selling products to providing services Streetcar and Xerox are two examples 2. Transforming existing business models to offer new digital services such as 100flowers selling via Facebook
Section 2 It's easy to pick Facebook as a truly digital business. But there are companies of all sizes that are embracing digital,
Ireland has a strong track record to date as an offshore location for centralised customer support and shared services activities with companies such as Facebook, IBM, Dell, Google, HP,
The Internet has opened an avenue for social networks and these virtual platforms are multiplying, which incentivize collaborations between Social Entrepreneurs and across sectors, pool resources
Changemakers, Global Giving, Idealist, Donorschoose. org or even the pages of Facebook are mere examples of a global phenomenon.
We are told not to‘friend'the professor on Facebook (2013. Though extremely efficient, MOOCS are still largely an extension of the second educational paradigm,
These range from social networks for those living with chronic health conditions, to online platforms for citizen participation in policymaking, to using open data to create more transparency around public spending.
the use of platforms like Facebook to serve social good has been disputed accidental and secondary to their primary commercial purpose.
This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
Yet on the level of services, the emerging cloud model of some services (proprietary social networks, big data providers, implementations of the Internet of things
Facebook dominating the social networking and identity ecosystem, while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms).
Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps and helped people to connect and organise.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 19 POWER TO INTERNET THE PEOPLE Wikis, Usergenerated knowledge P2p Free Content Blogs Social networks E-democracy PEOPLE
The development of open data, federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
Goteo is a social network for crowdfunding and distributed collaboration (services, infrastructure, micro tasks and other resources) for encouraging the independent development of creative initiatives that contribute to the common good, free knowledge and open code.
D-CENT is developing a decentralised social networking platform for large-scale collaboration and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen movements and governments.
Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social networking, such as D-CENT and Diaspora, and the promotion and diffusion of knowledge systems in the public domain, such as Communia.
For instance distributed social networking projects such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos
distribut ed social networks, p2p infrastructures OPEN NETWORKS 40 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe and experiment with services and protocols.
Ordinary people today use blogs wikis, social networks and hundreds of other collaborative platforms to manage their daily lives,
solve social challenges, and to participate in e-campaigns, crowdfunding etc. Furthermore, the ability to access, use,
we have identified DSI actors as part of a larger social network and have mapped this network in a way that has not been possible before.
Social networks are defined formally as set of nodes (or network members) that are tied by one or more types of relations (Wasserman and Faust, 1994).
In the case of the DSI social network collected in this study, the nodes in a graph are organisations,
This dataset is likely to fairly represent the empirical phenomena at hand with two caveats 1) It has a bias towards English speakers as the survey was translated not into other European languages 2) As outreach was directed by the partners it is likely to reflect their social networks in more depth
than disconnected social networks. However, it is a large sample and thus worth exploring in detail. The graph of the networks is given in Figure 11
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
Crowdsourcing Social web entrepreneurs Startup Europe Smart Cities Internet of things Bottom up and grassroots approaches A counterpoint to the top-down strategy is the bottom-up,
and combines the informal nature of social networks with a methodological approach of foresights to engage stakeholders in the poliy making process.
Besides the standard tools available in most social networks, Futurium participatory tools offer several features to support collective foresight, such as scenario building, collective debate and voting for policies.
and provide a holistic framework to support them. 5. Democratic and distributed social network Distributes and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy, collective debate, deliberation and voting.
I would call it Yups. com: Yups for the positive votes and Oops for the negative ones.
distributed cloud, distributed search, decentralised social networking, public identity management, and encrypted email service. The Internet ecosystem today is highly centralised The current Internet is dominated by a handful of mainly US companies that control all the layers of the ecosystem (app store, cloud, machine learning, devices),
and federated social networking. It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of
This should include the use of social networking platforms, independent media and other news applications. For instance, the elaboration of a newsletter or creating a DSI strategy blog would be a helpful instrument to spread the message from the European commission
and to provide updated information about policy deployment. A DSI networking platform that crowdmaps initiatives
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
Social network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press D. Watts and S. Strogatz (1998. Collective dynamics of‘small-world'networks.
pdf 29 http://www. citizens. is/citizens-foundation-main-achievements/30 http://www. washingtonpost. com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/01/22/brazil-let-its-citizens
http://www. robotshop. com/blog/en/dfrobotshop-rover-or-arduino-ontracks-3708 Accessed 29th january 2015 Nicholas Zambetti (2009) Arduino Serial board online
http://do. minik. us/blog/oecd bli Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 85 online http://caps2020. eu Available from:
mobile apps and social networks apps, etc.;90 DAE Scoreboard: http://ec. europa. eu/information society/digitalagenda/scoreboard/index en. htm 86 c) include measures in support of the regional capacity to plan,
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 1. Health, Demographic Change and Wellbeing Fotolia. com Research
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 2. Food security, Sustainable Agriculture, Marine, Maritime and Inland Water Research,
It has been designed to back up the energy research and innovation agenda of the SET Plan3. http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 3. Secure,
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion 4. Smart, Green and Integrated Transport Fotolia. com Research and Innovation Vehicles
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion Helping industry use water sustainably With climate change and a growing population, the world
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion Research and Innovation Towards a socio-ecological transition What kind of growth path should Europe opt for in the face of the financial crisis
http://www. facebook. com/innovation. union http://twitter. com/innovationunion About EU-funded research into cyber security and online privacy The digital and online economy are central
Thus, weak ties‘represent local bridges to disparate segments of the social network that are unconnected otherwise'(Elfring and Hulsink 2003: 411.
but also in supra-regional or even worldwide social networks) that‘offer particular()advantages for firms engaged in innovation and knowledge creation.'
and maintaining social networks have a long tradition in the region (Stoerring and Christensen 2004). Moreover, a widespread awareness of the importance of further developing the technological system can be found (Dalum et al. 1999;
Social networks, Resources and Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 103-109. Johannisson, B.,M. Ramirez-Pasillas and G. Karlsson (2002:
and Use of the Internet (Hungarians are keen to engage in many internet activities and outperform the EU average on use of the Internet-80%use social networks, the highest in the EU). At the same time,
) 52%(2014) 7 37%(2013) 14 37%(2014) 3b2 Social networks%individuals who used Internet in the last 3 months (aged 16-74) 80%(2014) 1
and 80%use social networks. The use of social networks is the highest in the EU. 47%of the internet users listen to music,
watch films or play games online, and 52%make video calls. Despite the progress last year, Hungary still falls well below the average on internet banking and online shopping.
In parallel, recent trends such as"Web 2. 0"and social networking are discussed widely in terms of their business E-business in the transport
and social networking) to pilot a range of citizencentred services (e g. searchable inventories on national migration policies and related legislation).
It provides a Social networking space Ourspace where young Europeans can express their thoughts on politics society, economy and debate them with politicians and peers across Europe.
and people have come to depend on it for a number of activities such as voice and video communications, social networking, online banking, e-government and shopping.
In digital interactions such as social networks and forums individuals are leaving a lifelong trail of personal data.
Agenda for Europe http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda https://www. facebook. com/?/ref=tn tnmn#!/
/information society/activities/health http://ec. europa. eu/information society/tl/qualif/health https://www. facebook. com/?
#/ehealthinfso http://www. ehgi. eu http://blogs. ec. europa. eu/neelie-kroes/innovating-healthcare/@EU EHEALTH@EU EHEALTHWEEK 50 Public services https://ec. europa
. eu/digital-agenda/en/digital-life/government https://www. facebook. com/?/ref=tn tnmn#!/#/pages/EGOV-Infso/138369062922852@EU-egov Digital Social Platforms https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/node/1106 http://www. aal
but may cause new travel demand due to successful social networking. E-working (at home or tele-center) Reduces travel needs for individuals concerned
social networks such as Facebook let users restrict or grant access to other users or groups on their data (e g.,
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Online Social networks. 2007) 43 48 30. Giuri, L.,Iglio, P.:
and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs,
and also used IT-tools such as Linkedin (www. linkedin. com) and Projectplace (www. projectplace. com) in order to facilitate collaboration.
and Linkedin) in order to extend meeting formats and facilitate communication and networking beyond physical meetings. Some of the more important conclusions and lessons learned using this approach have been the following:
task forces and facilitate social networks etc. Without this champion organisation, any effort will not be sustainable. 4 Summary of the findings from IPF IMPROVING INNOVATION SUPPORT TO SMES 13 4. 2 Tool Set in order to support the methodology
Host and manage a public online forum for discussions, like Linkedin group Innovation Policy Forum.
and interaction between firms and other actors is replaced by the current social network theory of innovation,
the social entrepreneur sets out to tame social networks of influence. In this respect, what is extremely important for us is not so much the particular type of strategy used by an actor but the significance of this strategy,
Social networks and innovation (handicraft industry in bantul, yogyakarta. Munich: MPRA, 28032. Brata, A..2009. Innovation and social capital in the small-medium entreprises:
data collection and information exchange via mushrooming social networking websites. C H A p T E R 8 Conclusions and the way forward I N t E L L
development of demand-driven, easy-to-use and affordable services for all users, learning from the success of portable navigation systems and Web 2. 0 social networks;
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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