Web of Science by Thomson Reuters...132 8. 4 R&d Centre Location by IHS isuppli...
innovation and business and have gained an enviable hub position in a usually very complex web of network connections.
in the Computer science area produced by organisations located in the observed region Unit of measurement Region's share in the total number of publications in Computer science to a region's share in the EU population Definition of ICT dimension Computer science as defined by Web
Web of Science by Thomson Reuters (Section 8. 3) Reference year (s) considered 2000-2012 59 Figure 33:
's share in the EU population Definition of ICT dimension ICT areas of the FP7 programme Based on HIS isuppli classification of the major"semiconductors influencers"Computer science as defined by Web of Science classification of Research
Web of Science b Thomson Reuters (Section 8. 3) Reference year (s) considered 2007-2011 2012 2000-2012 122 6. 1. 2
Web of Science by Thomson Reuters Web of Science is an online academic citation index provided by Thomson Reuters. It is designed for providing access to multiple databases, cross-disciplinary research,
In addition, literature which shows the greatest impact in a field covered by Web of Science,
Web of Science has indexing coverage from the year 1900 to the present. Regarding the coverage,
6311-Data processing, hosting and related activities, 6312-Web portals, 9511-Repair of computers and peripheral equipment,
Web of Science by Thomson Reuters...33 5. 4 ICT R&d centre location: Design Activity Tool by IHS isuppli...
web portals 951 Repair of computers and communication equipment With respect to the technology, examples of the characterization used include:
FP7 data on FP participation from EC DG Connect, REGPAT by OECD, QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS by QS, Web of Science by Thomson Reuters, Design Activity Tool by IHS isuppli, European
. 4) Computer science as defined by Web of Science classification of Research Areas Unit of observation NUTS 3 Source FP7 database by EC DG Connect (see Section 5. 2) ICT
Web of Science by Thomson Reuters (see Section 5. 3) Reference year (s) considered 2007-2011 2012 2000-2012 Data on the agglomeration of ICT R&d is extracted from information
of the research institutions in Europe for the period 2000-2012 from the Web of Science by Thomson Reuters. For a detailed description of the data source, see Section 5. 3. 20 Company-level
Web of Science by Thomson Reuters, 4. ICT R&d centres locations: Design Activity Tool by IHS isuppli, 5. European Investment Monitor by Ernst & young, 6. Patent data:
Web of Science by Thomson Reuters The Web of Science is an online academic citation index provided by Thomson Reuters. It is designed to provide access to multiple databases, cross-disciplinary research,
In addition, literature which shows the greatest impact in a field covered by the Web of Science,
The Web of Science has indexing coverage from 1900 to the present. 17 More information at:
the Web of Science encompasses over 11,000 journals selected on the basis of impact evaluations.
Google's Pagerank is a variant of the Eigenvector centrality measure (Spizzirri, 2011. In practical terms, eigenvector centrality is a measure of the importance of a node in a network,
'but there was also a significant proportion of companies looking for partners by visiting trade expos and fairs or by browsing specialist magazines, following announcements and websites.
websites By visi+ng trade expos and fairs We tend to be contacted by others By using own social network 0%20%40%60%80%100%The share of R&d expenditure in the ICT sector
through the National Innovation Office Kaleidoszkóp internet portal www. kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu. Figure 1: The EU's ICT sector in international comparison (2007.
info@nih. gov. hu Web: http://www. nih. gov. hu http://kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu/ISSN 2063-7748 ISBN 978-963-08-5934-9 NATIONAL
can be downloaded from the Kaleidoszkóp website: http://kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu/en Editing closed: 1 oct 2013 w w w. k a l e i d o s z k o p. n i h. g o v. h u/e
info@nih. gov. hu Web: www. nih. gov. hu National Innovation Oice (NIH) is the governmental body responsible for research, development and technological innovation. 18 Kaleidoszkóp Kaleidoszkóp's main objectives:
2015 2016 Voip Online Gaming File sharing Web/Data Internet Video 29%CAGR 2011-2016 Petabytes per Month 22%23%54%18
and Ethernet switches concentrating the customer traffic at the central MPOP (ODF) sites. 3) P2p GPON is Point-to-Point fibre access network as before,
but GPON splitters and OLT at the central MPOP sites, and (4) FTTB P2p DSL is Point-to-Point fibre access network with single fibre per building
and can serve as the home of a 60 Examples are DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), games, web, e-mail (SMTP,
portals, websites, blogs and wikis; promotional literature; video clips; and slideshow presentations. In parallel, a number of consultation rounds with key educational stakeholders (policy-and decisionmakers, teachers, researchers, IT developers etc.
and an online survey with 74 etwinning teachers who took part in a webinar was organized by the etwinning Creative Classrooms Group. 7 Findings from the workshops
and one in Hong kong, in January 2013) offering valuable insights and evidence on effective policies 7 http://groups. etwinning. net/web/creative-classroom/welcome 10 and implementation
12 the 10 http://groups. etwinning. net/web/creative-classroom/welcome 13 European Civil Society Platform on Lifelong Learning;
16 and the SCALE CCR website. 17 Survey analytics showed that most of participants entered the survey through a direct link from the around 250 personal invitations sent by email.
in order to reform assessment practices (e g. cloudbased e-portfolios that follow a web 2. 0/social media model).
Policies are needed that help learning organisations to promote networking with other organisations and stakeholders across sites and also within the same organisation,
from Centre for Strategic Education http://www. innovationunit. org/sites/default/files/Only%20connect%20-%20a%20new%20paradigm%20for%20learning%20innovation%20in%20the%2021st
in order to reform assessment practices (e g. cloudbased e-portfolios that follow a web 2. 0/social media model).
in order to reform assessment practices (e g. cloud-based e-portfolios that follow a web 2. 0/social media model).
in order to reform assessment practices (e g. cloud-based e-portfolios that follow a web 2. 0/social media model).
While some low-income countries have been able to attract technical and financial resources to install patient information systems at some sites,
It is essential that their individual patient information be available at all points of care and all sites for analysis. In order for this to work,
with the result that many sites are unable to share data thus limiting the flow of information.
and community health sites and primary health care centres. These are the first points of care
and retrieve clinical data across care boundaries and sites, and consists of over a million medical concepts.
Data Collector Data Collector, Datacol, is based a web tool that simplifies online form creation for data collection
Country coordinators were responsible for completing the forms after obtaining agreement from the expert informant group. 12 Web-based tool for online creation of forms in surveys developed by WHO. 13 http://www
a) to explain what is being done to help micro and small business by the EU Institutions b) to list the most important websites that are relevant to micro and small businesses We are not claiming to be all inclusive,
For more information on the SME definition, please visit the European commission website at: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/files/sme definition/sme user guide en. pdf 2. 2 Why is this relevant?
as well as the links to the relevant websites and points of contact. The European union has three key funding instruments to support SMES.
which are published once a year by the European commission on FP7 website. Certain topics are dedicated to SMES
and to apply for grants you can visit the website of the European Research Council:
The European commission issues calls for project proposals, experts and competitive calls on the FP7 website. http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/dc/index. cfm.
Several contact points are provided for each Member State and associated states on the website of the FP7 programme.
http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/images/map/cooperat2007/crossborder/crossborder27 eu 07. pdf The following web link will give you information on transnational cooperation and eligible regions:
Calls for proposal are published on the Marco polo website at the beginning of each year. http://ec. europa. eu/transport/marcopolo/about/index en. htm 4. 4. 3 European Lifelong Learning Programme This programme,
://ec. europa. eu/solvit/site/index en. htm SOLVIT is designed to solve problems encountered by both citizens
EU information and assistance services http://ec. europa. eu/publications/booklets/others/83/index en. htm On this website you can find booklets issued by the Commission answering questions you may have both
or related to your business. 42 43 Managenergy http://www. managenergy. net/smes. html The website provides you with a guide with thematic and sectorial access to locally relevant energy information for SMES
National contact points can be found through the web link. European Documentation Centres http://europa. eu/europedirect/meet us/directory/index en. htm European Documentation Centres offer online access to EU sources for research
Each national representation's website provides the address of regional representations as well. http://europa. eu/whoiswho/public/index. cfm?
The following website helps you to find the representations of the EU institutions in your country. http://europa. eu/euinyourcountry/index en. htm 44 45 Understanding the processes
/cosme/index en. htm 9 http://www. wheel. ie/sites/default/files/Consultation%20process%20on%20partnership%20agreement%202014%20-%202020. doc 17
14 1. 16 Growth in daily Google searches, 2007-2013.16 1. 17 Growth in Facebook monthly active users, 2004-2013 (millions of users...
17 1. 18 Wikipedia articles total and English language, 2003-2013 (thousands of articles...17 1. 19 Fixed-broadband access in enterprises using the Internet, selected countries, 2005-2012.19 1. 20 E-government Development Index (EGDI),
Twitter, Youtube, Whatsapp. With more and more applications now available through mobile platforms (mobile apps), and the strong growth in mobile Internet uptake, an increasing number of people are joining,
While measuring online content and website use is a challenging task on account of the sheer volume of information available,
Over the past decade, the number of websites has been growing at exponential rates and, according to estimates by Netcraft, there were over 850 million hostnames and approximately 185 million active sites at the beginning of 2014.
Google remains the leading search engine in most countries, and accounts for around 90 per cent of the search market. 16 The number of daily Google searches reached almost 6 billion by end 2013 (Chart 1. 16)
and the total number of searches made through Google in 2013 exceeded 2 trillion. Social media sites have become the most accessed websites by users in both developed Chart 1. 16:
Growth in daily Google searches, 2007-2013 Source: Partnership (2014), based on http://www. statisticbrain. com/google-searches/.
/0 2'000 4'000 6'000 8'000 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Millions of searches 17 Measuring
the Information Society Report 2014 and developing countries. Since its creation in 2004, Facebook has grown to comprise 1. 3 billion active users by end 2013, a growth of 22 per cent over the past year (Chart 1. 17),
although a single user could be operating several accounts and therefore the numbers do not represent unique Internet users (ITU, 2011).
and more than 100 hours of video content are uploaded every minute on Youtube, the leading international videofilesharing site with services in 61 countries.
As of early 2014, Youtube boasted more than 1 billion unique visitors monthly. Other top popular websites include Amazon,
Wikipedia and Linkedin as well as various news and online e-market sites at the national level (see below on e-business).
Wikipedia, the largest and most widely used online encyclopaedia, featured more than 30 million articles by end 2013 (Chart 1. 18).
Articles are now available in 287 languages across 30 million pages of content. By February 2014, Wikipedia registered more than 20 billion page views per month by Internet users.
At the same time, the proportion of articles in English has decreased significantly from 46 per cent in 2003 to 15 per cent in 2013
Wikipedia articles total and English language, 2003-2013 (thousands of articles) Source: Wikipedia statistics at http://stats. wikimedia. org/EN/Tablesarticlestotal. htm. 0 5'000 10'000 15'000 20'000 25'000
30'000 35'000 Total English Chapter 1. Recent information society developments 18 content generated by countries and regions and highlight the differences.
The proportion of businesses with websites was lower, accounting on average for 71 per cent and ranging from 36 per cent in Romania to 91 per cent in Finland.
Facebook), followed by multimedia content sharing websites (e g. Youtube) and blogs (e g. Twitter. In the developing world, data on ICTS in enterprises are scarce
and only collected by few countries. The proportion of businesses with Internet access varies between 48 per cent in Azerbaijan and 97 per cent in Lebanon. 19 Of these,
governments of all countries have established central websites and that more than 50 per cent of countries provide links to local and/or regional government agencies'sites (UNDESA, 2014).
Efforts are needed still to connect lower-tier administrations in countries. When it comes to the provision of e-services,
For example, online information and services on government website portals increased threefold, with 70 per cent of countries providing a one-stop shop portal in 2012,
By 2014, all countries had a government web presence, and almost all countries in Europe and the majority of countries in The americas and Asia provided online information on education,
https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/DAE%20scoreboard%202013%20-%20 3-INTERNET%20use%20and%20skills
. eu/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/DK%20%20-%20broadband%20markets. pdf. 10 http://www. gsma. com/spectrum/wp
/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/DAE%20scoreboard%202013%20-%202-BROADBAND%20 MARKETS%20. pdf. 13 http://europa. eu
/pdf/ppp/5g factsheet. pdf. 14 https://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/sites/digital-agenda/files/DAE%20scoreboard%202013%20-%203
://www. submarinecablemap. com/#/submarine-cable/boracay-palawan-submarine-cable-system. 16 http://web. nso. go. th/en/survey/data survey/560619 2012 information-pdf. 17 http
if it was advertised on the website of the dominant operator or prices were provided to ITU through the ICT Price Basket Questionnaire. 25 Source:
Secondary trading allowed 9. Unbundled access to the local loop required 8. Co-location/site sharing mandated 7. Infrastructure sharing mandated 6. Infrastructure sharing for mobile operators allowed 5. Qos
see http://www. eircom. net/efibreinfo/map. 16 The most visited websites in Tunisia by December 2011 were predominantly in English.
TEAMS'website (http://www. teams. co. ke) and EASSY's website (http://www. eassy. org.
see http://www. rogers. com/web/content/share-everything? asc refid=shareeverything. For the details of Verizon's MORE Everything plan, see http://www. verizonwireless. com/wcms/consumer/shop/shop-data-plans/more-everything. html. 24 The details of the different‘4g'plans
offered by Tigo can be found on the following websites: http://www. tigo. com. bo/personas/planes-y-promociones/Internet-movil-en-tu-modem, http://www. tigo. com. co/4g
and consumption expenditure as welfare indicators, see for instance the World bank's website on measuring poverty:
which includes not just telecommunication companies but also over-the-top (OTT) service providers such as Google, Twitter, Facebook, Whatsapp, Netflix, Amazon and many others, captures a wide array of behavioural
Google, for example, is running about a thousand experiments at any given point in time (Varian, 2013a. Telecom network operators make extensive use of such techniques when rolling out new services, among other things for the purpose of pricing.
This broadly includes data captured directly by telecommunication operators as well as by Internet companies and by content providers such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
In the EU, for example, a number of directives require data producers to obtain users'consent before gathering any of their personal data. 5 One of the best-known examples of leveraging the online population's digital breadcrumbs for development purposes is Google Flu Trends (GFT.
DPI can also be used to categorize interests based on sites visited (as opposed to content accessed.
In addition, mobile-operator data could be combined with customer information from popular online services, such as Facebook, Google or other, local (financial, social etc.
In addition, if websites could be classified individually in terms of the information they provide, then Internetuser activities, including their frequency
and by taking into account usage patterns or data from popular Internet companies such as Google or Facebook.
Not everyone uses Twitter, Facebook or Google. For example, ITU estimates suggest that 40 per cent of the world's population uses the Internet.
For example, the famous Google pagerank algorithm has spawned an entire industry of organizations that claim to enhance website page rankings,
and search-engine optimization (SEO) 38 is established now an part of website development. Changes in behaviour could also partially explain the declining veracity of Google Flu Trends (GFT),
researchers having found influenza-like illness rates as reflected by Google searches to be no longer necessarily correlating with actual influenza virus infections (Ortiz et al.,
2011). ) Recent research has shown that since 2009 (when GFT failed to reflect the nonseasonal influenza outbreak),
The point is that the underlying real-world actions of the population that turned to Google with its health queries,
with more and more people turning to Google with their broader health questions, thereby introducing additional search terms (due to different cultural norms
As Google's Chief Economist, Hal Varian, notes, there are often more police in precincts with high crime,
ITU and UN Global Pulse), the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, ICT industry associations and producers of big data (Google, Facebook, etc.)
and understand the demand for particular applications and websites. Service access detail records Whenever a user utilizes a telecommunication service,
http://policyreview. info/articles/analysis/big data-big-responsibilities. 6 See https://www. google. org/denguetrends/.
corporate boards and smaller job sites in the United states. More information can be found at http://www. conference-board. org/data/helpwantedonline. cfm. 8 See http://bpp. mit. edu
For further information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Deep packet inspection. 16 It should be noted that there is not a harmonized methodology for the allocation of revenues from bundled packages to each specific service Taking into account the increasing trend towards the bundling
in order to understand which sites were accessed, in what order and how much time was spent at each. Endnotes 211 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 18 Comments by SK TELECOM CEO Jinwu So to Mobile Asia Expo attendees-http://www. lightreading. com
doc id=703298.19 For more information on Cignifi, see their website at http://www. cignifi. com/.20 The full report can be accessed at http://unstats. un. org/unsd/statcom/doc14/2014
see http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/ORGANIZATION/EXTHDNETWORK/0,,contentmdk: 23154296 menupk: 2880846 pagepk:
whereby a website's structure and content are optimized to make the site more visible to the webpage-indexing process of one or more search engines,
thereby ensuring that the website and/or webpage appears higher up in the results of a search query. 39 In a power-law distribution,
For further information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Deep packet inspection. 43 Based on interviews between LIRNEASIA and operators in South and Southeast asia. 44 For example
of the sample regulation on the Indian Department of Telecommunications website (http://dot. gov. in/sites/default/files/Unified%20licence 0. pdf). Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development
For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sector antenna. 46 A media access control (MAC) address is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces mostly by a hardware manufacturer.
For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MAC ADDRESS. 47 An international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number is a 15-digit number unique to the particular SIM in a subscriber's handset.
For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International mobile subscriber identity. 213 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 List of references Arpce (2011), Agence de Régulation
Wired Magazine, 16 (7). Askitas, N. and Zimmermann, K. F. 2009), Google econometrics and unemployment forecasting.
http://static. googleusercontent. com/media/research. google. com/en//archive/papers/initialclaimsus. pdf. Choi, H. and Varian, H. 2012), Predicting the present with Google trends.
http://www. ibmbigdatahub. com/sites/default/files/infographic file/4-Vs-of-big data. jpg. ICT Qatar (2014), Qatar's ICT landscape 2014 households and individuals.
The parable of Google Flu: traps in big data analysis. Science (New york, N y.),343 (6176), 1203 5. doi:
a comparison of traditional surveillance systems with Google Flu Trends. Plos One, 6 (4), e18687. doi:
Web search query volume as a measure of pharmaceutical utilization and changes in prescribing patterns.
http://www. whitehouse. gov/sites/default/files/docs/big data privacy report 5. 1. 14 final print. pdf. UN Global Pulse (2012), Taking the Global Pulse:
Journal of Web Librarianship, 6 (4), 305 320. doi: 10.1080/19322909.2012.730358. WEF (2013), Unlocking the Value of Personal data:
or ITU carries out the necessary research to obtain them, for example from NSO websites. There are certain data limits to this indicator,
or ITU carries out the necessary research to obtain them, for example from NSO websites. There are certain data limits to this indicator,
or ITU carries out the necessary research to obtain them, for example from NSO websites. There are certain data limits to this indicator,
prices were collected directly from operators'websites and/or through direct correspondence. Prices were collected from the operator with the largest market share,
or post articles, visit our website FAQ page http://sloanreview. mit. edu/faq/Customer service Email:
& Security increases the trust of web users in electronic services and online transactions in order to boost consumption of ICT services 4. Pillar IV Fast and ultra-fast Internet access targets investments
Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Ministry for Information Society (responsible) All Ministries offering public services
75%by 2020%education facilities using OER, Web 2. 0 in education. Target: 75%by 2020%LLL resource e-learning systems Target:
and archiving the educational content Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Education (support) Include Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning processes Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Ministry of Education (support) Stimulate students
75%by 2020%education facilities using OER, Web 2. 0 in education. Target: 75%by 2020#of application developed using Big data databases Target:
All public bodies will adhere to this Line Action Portal (Operational) Implementation of the web portals goes through stages;
Low%of Citizens are using web portals to submit forms and a smaller number of%of enterprises are interacting online with public authorities Romania's e-governance portal being average among its peers has areas for improvement toward providing digital governance experience in the below areas:
o Site completeness o Maturity of Integrated Web Services o One Stop Portal Approach o Multi lingual site o Forms/Process
the current egovernment portal structures the access to these sites Romania has a separate payment portal
of web portals used in the interaction with citizens, and of related complex services used by such institutions as support services.
Social media Definition Social media are defined as specific Web 2. 0 communication tools which enables people to interact,
dedicated websites where the user can read about different topics, give feedback by voting or commenting on the articles.
The difference between them and a website is that blogs & forums are generally build on free platforms
websites that allow the user to publish, recommend and comment any kind of content. Bu using the bookmark function,
and bookmark sites and information of interest that can be accessed from anywhere and also, they can be shared with other users.
websites where the user is given the possibility to create, upload, publish, share and receive feedback on photo and video content.
Otherwise said, 40%of the total European population is represented by active social network users. 4 Global Web Index, Q2,
However, there is also a generational split as younger people use the Internet less outside social networking sites in all Member States,
while older people who use social networking sites are practically Page 58 of 170 the same as the percentage of Internet users.
3 National context Social media Approach in Romania According to Global Web Index via wearesocial. org, in February,
creation of a website and internet banking, the last reason being claimed only by 8%of users.
Single web portal with access to all public institutions websites and public services. Public institutions websites with real time feedback option implemented.
Communication: Smart use of social media channels: define the user profile, engage and empower him in conversations.
Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Social media Operational systems available The information provided by Big data systems does not include personal information
Paper document (physical environment) Digital documents Points of access to governmental web Websites located on Internet Social media Operational systems available (Operational) Definition of the analysis process for the data
1. Education by curricular activity based on ICT This kind of education relies mainly on OER resources and Web 2. 0 on learning and evaluation based on projects and e-Portfolio of results of the pupil
and Web 2. 0) in the learning process and in the Life Long Learning process LLL OER implementation efforts imply, in terms of ICT:
Ministry of Education with support from Ministry for Information Society Include Web 2. 0 platforms in the learning processes (Enabler) For a more flexible learning process,
a key objective of the European union is the implementation of ICT technologies type Web 2. 0 across all member countries.
Web 2. 0 platforms are used currently for professional development as well as for enhancing training within the classroom.
By using Web 2. 0 tools pupils and students can prepare both complex inter/trans-disciplinary curriculum projects
Social media sites can be used for documentation on innovative concepts such as"classrooms in the mirror"or distribution of the latest Page 72 of 170 Web 2. 0 applications for schools.
which are listed below regular telephone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by the suppliers in a more and more increased number of medical specialties
including-but not limited to the following listing-regular phone lines, Internet, Intranet and satellites. Telemedicine is used by providers in an increasing number of specialties including dermatology, oncology, radiology, surgery, cardiology and psychiatry.
%whereas that of rural environment was of 7. 4%12 9http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,contentmdk:
in view of favoring the identification of future sites for networks and elements of the electronic communications networks.
development and culture The development of the infrastructure for internet access in Romania The utilisation of the OER and Web 2. 0 technologies for educational purposes, providing flexibility to the educational process The intensification of the transnational collaboration
Page 126 of 170 Development of flexible OER and WEB 2. 0 technologies and their utilisation for educational purposes Promotion of development of digital competencies at European union level among all the
and promotion of the OER and Web 2. 0 instruments'usage for continuous training among adult persons LLL Life Long Learning Detailed conclusions are described in the second field of action.
Web 2. 0 in education direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct indirect%LLL resource e-learning systems direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct indirect direct indirect
Web 2. 0 in education. direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct indirect direct indirect#of application developed using Big data databases indirect indirect direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect
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