According to the game's website, World of Warcraft is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing game (MMORPG
Several independent websites process this information into databases that allow cross-player comparisons and provide recommendations on how to progress in the game.
In this paper, we use a publicly available data set on product usage collected from such a site called Wowhead. 11 We complement these data with information about product updates, their content, firm's actions,
and other announcements from the official game website. Although purchase decisions are not the focus of the paper
First, the website used as a source of the data provides information about experienced users only.
We use data from the website World of Logs18 about the success rates for different content.
This website provides aggregate statistics about the number of times that users attempted and successfully completed tasks in the game.
or websites in social platforms. In the case of our application, the firm has over the years implemented a number of tools that allowed easier access to groups,
Oncioiu Ionica, Titu Maiorescu University Bucharest, ionicaoncoiu@yahoo. ro, Romania Small firms are big business in the aid of economic development.
dacian. coita@yahoo. com Sorin Teodor Constantin Unicredit Tiriac Bank S. A. 2-4 Unirii Square, RO-410072, Oradea, Romania E-mail:
e g. taking photos of the artwork, uploading the images onto the website, establishing payment solutions,
seminars, website and publications
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The societal impact of the World wide web--key challenges for the 21st century Burn, Janice M;
Carmel O'sullivan, Geoff Mulgan and Diogo Vasconcelos Working paper The Young Foundation and the Web Digital Social Innovation The Young Foundation September 2010 Over 27 million
40 per cent of internet users upload self-created content to the web, and the same amount post messages to chat sites, blogs and newsgroups. ii Nearly a quarter of UK mobile phones users now have a Smartphone,
with over 18 per cent using their devices to access social media sites or blogs. iii We know that digital technology is transforming our professional and social lives.
But could it also be ushering in a new age of civic and political engagement? Studies show that people who access social media are more likely s to look at campaigns
of living in a western society predominately through the web. For example, in Tower Hamlets, a London borough with a large Bangladeshi population, Maslaha has been working with the Primary Care Trust (PCT) to offer Islamic advice on how to live a healthy life with diabetes.
advice is provided on Maslaha's diabetes website through videos in community languages. x Digital technology makes it much easier to expand the realms of social innovation beyond traditional boundaries such as professions, disciplines
web-based solutions to social problems, resulting in digital innovations such as Mypolice-a tool for people to feed back their positive and negative experiences of contact with the police. xi In 2008,
inequality and healthcare. xii Digital technologies are also helping drive public sector innovation. www. Fixmystreet. com is a website that allows users to easily report an issue with their public realm to the relevant authority
'freely available web tools are assisting communities to become digitally empowered. The Young Foundation's Local 2. 0 programme aims to learn more about how communities can be empowered using the web
and is piloting several projects with four English local authorities: the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council, Kirklees Council and Wiltshire Council.
and training for council officers on how to engage with communities via the web, to the creation of community websites that help people connect with one another
and discuss local issues. www. Fairstead. org is a new hyperlocal website developed as part of Local 2. 0 for a neighbourhood in King's Lynn, West Norfolk.
The website created at low cost through a partnership of local people and local agencies-aims to build local networks,
improve communication between residents and agencies, and increase levels of local action. Leadership and entrepreneurship Digital technologies can reach into the handbags
It might be taken to include the Google search engine (which arguably has created more value for society than even the value that has accrued to shareholders and founders).
Some ideas can be copied from other societies that have moved faster for example how to run web-based exchange systems,
The site received 120,000 unique visits and a total of 873,476 hits. 40 These are remarkable participation rates,
when citizens and public servants become tangled in a web of dysfunctional rules, regulations and procedures.
Kiva, the world's first peer-to-peer micro-lending site, enables individuals to lend small sums of money to entrepreneurs on low incomes.
which is posted on the website, becoming available for scrutiny by potential investors. Repayment is guaranteed as field partners are responsible for entrepreneurs
to Google who provide support by means of internet advertising. As a result of its strong network of supporters and partners, producing clear 48 and productive connections,
In its mission to effect maximum transparency, all savings and investment accounts are available to view on Triodos'website.
people and digital tools to create web-based social start-ups. lxxxiii Inspired by start-up and technology oriented events such as Barcamp,
'Hackdays, like Barcamps, focus on early stage web applications, but they are far more intense; software developers code continuously for 24 hours
or a problem which a web-based tool might be able to help solve-these are posted publicly online.
and asked to develop a website prototype over the next 2 days. At the end of the weekend project teams pitch what they have created to the SI Camp judges.
Winners receive 10 days of development time with the web development company, Headshift and roughly 10 hours of development time with the development agency,
web and tech support, policy work, media and PR and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising,
and web-based social networking around issues such as the management of chronic disease or childcare. Another trend is the rise of prosumption that is
In addition to functioning within a wider network of parent communities, each community has its own local website.
Each local website is updated and managed by a local mum, thus allowing for the information
collecting evidence and information from emails, blogging sites, and online forums on the site. A series of publications are produced to provide further general guidance.
The website also facilitates a meet up scheme where mothers can meet each other in person. Often these meetings result in new friendship and support circles (especially among those who have moved to a new area,
or those who don't have friends with children), but many mums have developed also child care support circles as a result of these meetings.
Innovation Exchange website-an online forum for sharing and developing ideas for social innovation. As it tests
However, within the complex web of existing NHS and local government frameworks, innovation is notoriously difficult to deliver.
Many of these methods have been helped greatly by the ability of the web to draw in a far wider range of people
the team felt that web 2. 0 tools provided the best means of communicating widely at little cost.
Initially, and unsuccessfully, they tried to canvass public opinion through social networking sites such as Myspace and Youtube.
The wiki elicited thousands of contributions (some more constructive than others) and at its peak, the site received 10,000 visits in one day. cxiv Suggestions included a governance board of eminent kiwis,
and Andrea Vinassa writing on www. workinfo. com xxxiii http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History of feminism 120 xxxivwww. disabilityhistory. org;
and travel cost expenses that people incur to visit a site as a proxy for their valuation of that site.
Because travel and time costs increase with distance it's possible to construct a‘marginal willingness to pay'curve for a particular site. clviii Social Value Added Working group of the EQUAL National Thematic Network
A framework for structuring remedial decisions at contaminated sites'.'In I. Linkov & A. Ramadan (Eds.
Information technologies and web 2. 0 tools are transforming how people interact, notwithstanding the necessity of physical space and meetings for the exchange of ideas and collaboration.
Your comments, thoughts and stories are welcome at the project website: www. socialinnovator. info Dr Michael Harris, NESTA Published March 2010 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS Introduction 2 Section 1 The process of social innovation
and that its structures of accountability, governance and ownership resonate with its social mission. 1 We have launched also an accompanying website, www. socialinnovator. info,
and patterns. 1 18 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION These sites show how to run competitions for‘mash up'ideas from citizens using government data, such as Sunlight Labs and Show Us a Better Way
In the UK, the website Report Empty Homes, sponsored by the Empty Homes Agency, allows citizens to report empty properties around the UK. 10) Mapping systems such as participative mapping and sectoral analysis,
User feedback on service quality, including web-based models such as Patient Opinion and I Want Great care that hold service providers to account,
from surveys and websites to user representation on management boards and committees. 33) Campaigns which channel dissatisfaction and discontent into a search for innovations.
40) Web-based tools for co-design, such as the Australian site for people with disabilities and their carers, web2care.
PROPOSALS AND IDEAS 31 2 32 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION 41) Creative thinking methods such as Edward De Bono's‘Six Thinking Hats
The Global Ideas Bank has helped spawn a number of similar websites, including the Norwegian Ideas Bank
'edited by the site's creator David Owen). Another initiative is My Health Innovation, a website
These websites include a vast range of ideas everything from the brilliant to the downright absurd.
Youtube can be used as a virtual video booth. 58) Suggestion boxes within organizations are the most basic method for soliciting innovations.
Image courtesy of the Hope Institute. 2 website, based on the principles as laid out in President Obama's Memorandum on collaborative, participatory and transparent government.
The website enables citizens to take part in a discussion about the best way to effect the President's Memorandum in three stages‘brainstorm,
One example in the UK is the Prime minister's e-Petitions website which has had nearly 10 million petitioners.
and 2 engage as these selves in cyberspace. 73) Webinars are a fairly simple device for organising seminars over the web.
Examples include the webinars organised by the Cities of Migration network which have linked NGOS, foundations and academics involved in social action related to diversity around the world. 74) Dialogue Café uses state of the art video conferencing (Telepresence) to link up citizens from all around the world.
Examples include tracking the performance of different plug-in hybrid cars through Google, and C40 city governments.
An example of open-testing, Google's initiative hopes to educate consumers body about the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of technology that is also environmentally friendly.
This is one of Google's test cars. This fleet of hybrid plug-in vehicles is monitoring greenhouse gas emissions.
Image courtesy of Google, Inc 3 54 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Finance for emerging ideas A wide range of financial tools can be used at these early stages:
through models that create value for customers to models similar to those around the web that share knowledge and intellectual property. 106) Business strategies.
or the control of a key input such as a critical site or personnel (as in sport.
Particularly instructive for social ventures are the lessons from the business models adopted by web companies which
Its organisational structures are the site of contending pressures of goals and interests. The organisation may have a social goal of benefitting others,
We anticipate considerable web-based innovation in this field, with websites providing guidance on organisational forms, and governance.
an ultra simple web-based tool for creating new organisations, changing constitutions, and engaging members and stakeholders. 124) Consumer shareholding can be used to involve consumers more directly in the work of a venture,
or download systems (such as web designs and technologies) that are becoming freely available. One model is developed the consortia by the small Italian firms in the‘Third Italy'.
it requires a system of user relationships and feedback as part of its operational spine. 137) Web presence.
All social ventures now have to have a website. But their full potential has begun only to be explored.
ways of connecting each web site to others (through links and RSS feeds) as well as establishing a presence on other social networking sites like Youtube and Facebook
which can act as feeders to the venture's website. Above all, a venture needs to devote resources to the constant updating
and active hosting of their sites. A good example is the site of the cooperative football team Ebbsfleet United (My Football Club
which has a team of six working on their website to involve the members, a model that could be adopted by many consumer co-ops among others. 138) Marketing and branding.
Social ventures, particularly those that are funded tax or grant-aided, have been suspicious of branding. Governments find themselves criticised for spending money on branding.
Image courtesy of Rolf Disch, Solararchitecture. 4 SUSTAINING 77 venture that initiated the zero carbon development at Bedzed) recently placed its most valuable technical information on the web for open access
Instead of raising funds through banks and other intermediary institutions, the web opens up the possibility of making new types of connections and raising finance from potential consumers.
for example via a website such as netsquared. org. People can take part as collaborators, co-producers, consumers, activists,
It works with councils in developing good practice through a network of online communities, web related resources and peer review.
thus ensuring knowledge transfer and diffusion (see also method 292). 197) Diffusion through the web. Viral marketing techniques can be used to tap into existing social networks and spread social ideas.
Complex, multidimensional needs are a key site for potential collaboration. Communities of Practice are one important type of collaboration (see method 304). 202) Small units in large systems.
web and technical support, policy work, media and PR, and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising,
and travel cost expenses that people incur to visit a site as a proxy for their valuation of that site.
Because travel and time costs increase with distance it's possible to construct a‘marginal willingness to pay'curve for a particular site. 5 SCALING
The web has brought also systemic innovation to retailing and news, and has the potential (albeit not yet realised) to achieve fundamental change in healthcare and education.
This involves a wide range of issues from the use of the web to the nature of technology and the design of distributed systems which provide spaces for people to contribute to projects directly,
These include the now familiar reputational devices being used on networks like ebay, and more formal legal devices (like public databases).
such as feedback sites on public services or M-PESA's platform for phone-based banking. 246) Rewiring economies, connecting sectors like the utilities and automotive industries for the development of plug-in hybrid cars,
It was created in 2000 on the site of the old Toronto General Hospital. Image courtesy of Mars Discovery District. 134 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Other examples include the Fuping Development Institute (FDI) in China and Kaiser permanente's Garfield Innovation
and developers with those involved in meeting social needs to design web-based solutions to particular social challenges.
and build a functioning website. 136 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Innovation networks Networks can serve as alternatives to formal organisational structures within the social economy‘they can leverage the assets that already exist in a system by connecting them to others'.
The team developed a website called Mypolice a tool for members of the public to give feedback
Think, for example, of micro-blogging service Twitter, personal publishing platform Wordpress, citizen reporting papers such as Ohmynews, social networking sites such as Facebook, Orkut,
or collaborative projects such as Wikipedia. It is easy to see the generative potential of platforms:
This includes websites which provide usergenerated information such as ehow and Netmums. Netmums provides information on a variety of local resources including child-friendly cafés, reliable childminders,
It has over half a million members who use the site on a regular basis uploading and contributing information. 308) Platforms for connecting.
This includes social networking websites Facebook Orkut, and Bebo, as well as websites which aim to connect people together in real life for particular causes.
One example of this is Landshare which connects people who want to grow fruit and vegetables with those who have the land on
Lego have created a web platform Designbyme 3. 0 which enables users (mainly children) to design their own Lego sets.
and open-source software such as the Linux operating system, the Mozilla Firefox browser, and the Apache web server.
These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to develop, maintain, and improve the software.
The result is not necessarily a lack of innovation in government. 1 Government at every level has been the site of almost constant change particularly in the last 30 years.
An interesting example is the Australian website, Budget Allocator, which offers citizens the chance to shape municipal budgets. 330) Sequencing in funding.
which then benefits from the increased rental value of sites after the public investment has been undertaken.
and has now been implemented in every ward in 35 KP hospitals. 393) Tithes of working time to generate collaborative public innovation an extension of the Google model where engineers are encouraged to spend 20 per cent of their time developing their own projects.
'No. 7, Winter 2008.1 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY 167 2 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY Civil society and the grant economy are the most common sites of social innovation in campaigns
In this field, the web offers new ways to cut costs and widen connections. Websites like Kiva,
which connect donors with social entrepreneurs, have already been 2 172 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION making these links.
human resources and IT consulting services. 417) Philanthropic‘ebays'.'Philanthropic platforms such as Volunteermatch which help people find volunteering opportunities in their local area. 418) Donor platforms, such as Globalgiving, Altruistiq Exchange, Network For good, Firstgiving and Guidestar.
Internet donor sites dramatically reduce the cost of fundraising (estimated at between 15 per cent and 33 per cent of funds raised in the US.
We can expect similar websites to develop features like donor forums, star ratings, Good Giving Guides and Amazon type links (those who have given to x have given also to y
Another example is Worldchanging, a series of books and a website which includes tens of thousands of stories about new tools,
of alternative models for running schools in India. 455) Social uses of commercial technology such as IBM's use of translation software on its Meedan website of Arabic blogs,
'The website Your Ethical Money provides advice on how to direct personal investment into green,
One example is Kiva, the world's first microlending website which enables individuals to lend small sums of money to entrepreneurs on low incomes. 462) Charitable loans such as those provided by Charity Bank, the only bank in the UK
which provides shared office space for more than 115 charities and social enterprises in sites in central London (see also method 487). 467) R&d mentored funding prior to start-up lending, such as MONDRAGON
seeking a blend of social and financial returns (see also method 361). 3 476)‘ ebays'for social investment, for example, Clearlyso,
a web-based market for people to exchange time and loans of products. The model is implemented now in east London. 489) Markets for‘bads',such as emissions or waste-disposal trading schemes,
or web-based social networking around specific issues (there are reportedly 18 million cancer related websites, the great majority generated by those affected by the disease.
whose aim is to keep discarded items out of landfill sites by gifting them. It now has over five million members in 85 countries. 497) Co-production platforms, such as Ohmynews in South korea
which gives kite marks to organisations that produce information and moderate websites and forums. Propertising not privatising In the social economy, rather than restricting access to knowledge and information, there is value in diffusing and sharing ideas and information as widely as possible.
Ohmynews is a ground-breaking mediabased social innovation that uses web technology to give voice to citizen journalists.
meals and engage citizens in management. 516) Neighbourhood websites and other media can become hubs for exchanges
Examples include hyper-local website Boscalicious Year 1 pupils from Collaton St mary Primary school dig up organic potatoes
Constructed households as sites of innovation The longstanding practice of institutionalising those with special needs
Web based platforms for organising grass roots campaigns. In the last year alone, Facebook has been used to mobilise protesters against knife crime, the military Junta in Burma, and FARC.
(which now has over 400,000 members) used the social networking site to organise a massive protest against the rebel forces in February 2008.
207 d. o. b. Foundation 80 Dolan, Paul 104 Dr Foster 89 ebay 114 Echoing Green 176 ehow 138 Elderpower
163 Good Deed Foundation 80 Good Food Guide 190 Google 53; 165 Gore, Al 26;
104 Moveon 41 Mozilla Firefox 139 M-Pesa 115; 183; 184; 202 Mutualism 65 New Mutualism 65 Informal Mutualism 206-207 My Football Club 75;
Philanthropic ebays 172 Plane Stupid 27; 28 Planning for Real 43 Platforms 40; 95; 117;
, 201, Vouchers 56,87, 157, Walking 25 Waterfire, Rhode island 17 Web, The 21,38, 45,79, 97,108, 171 Web2care 31 Wellink 205 Welsh Water
154 White house Office of Social Innovation 132 Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work
, 133,137, 147,160, 176-177,220, 221 Young, Michael 39,190 Your Ethical Money 186 Youtube 39,75 Yumshare 198 Yunus, Muhammad 34,210 Zero Carbon
Camp, The Design Council, The Hope Institute, Plane Stupid, Americaspeaks, Dialogue Café, Helsinki Design Lab, Google Inc, Un Techo para Chile, Riversimple
Internet, Web) are the results of Research and Technological Development (RTD) programmes funded by public programmes has grown.
1) e-mail,(2) web-presence,(3) e-commerce,(4) e-business,(5) networked organizations,(6) digital business ecosystems.
web-presence (from 1993) The second phase saw proliferation of an electronic presence, usually through a static Web site.
Actually, those websites, lost in cyberspace, were visited not by the target clients, and the unavoidable dispersion of those website led to a limited effectiveness in the cyberspace,
partially solved by the establishment of vertical, thematic or regional e-marketplace portals and efficient search engines, On average, across European union (EU),
Only 44%of them have their own website, but the difference between large enterprises9 and SMES10 and between regions is relevant.
Have their own website the 80%of large enterprises; 8 SMES10=enterprises with between 10 and 249 employees 9 large enterprises are considered by Eurosta the enterprises with more than 249 employees e-mail webpresence phases FN, September 2002 Digital
Examples of innovative working processes are customer call centers, Intranets that link business partners, data warehouses that improve customer relationships.
Harnessing the Power of Business Webs, Harvard Business school Press; ISBN: 1578511933;(May 2000) James Moore, Death of Competition:
manifested through increasing communication and interconnectivity between people and institutions, mobility of people and financial capital, delocalisation and globalisation of production sites, labour and social relationships, etc.
http://www. adimoserver. se/adimo4/(S (kokri4qeowj3nyvt0tkb1s45))/site/kista/web/default. aspx? p=1546&t=h401&l=en. 27 6. RELEVANCE OF TRIPLE HELIX SYSTEMS FOR KNOWLEDGE-BASED REGIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGIES Regional innovation policies have focused traditionally on the promotion of localized learning processes
The large-scale research programmes in data mining funded by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) at Stanford and a few other universities provided the context for the development of the Google search algorithm that soon became the basis
Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. Translated and edited by Kurt Wolff. Free Press, Glencoe, IL. 48 Slaughter, S l. Leslie. 1997.
as well as on the complex web of interactions and on the institutional environment guiding and facilitating the actions and interactions of economic agents.
On the positive side they 1 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Three points for a win 25 urge decision-makers to think bigger and set the bar higher,
Increasingly also, web tools of rankings begin to include some degree of interactivity and choice for end users.
staff and students (5%)Industry income per staff (2. 5%)International faculty (5%)International students (5%)Website http://ranking. heeact. edu. tw
we now briefly describe the way we have worked methodologically out the principle of being driven user (see section 2. 2). We propose an interactive web-based approach,
A detailed description of the methodology used in this classification can be found on the U-Map website (http://www. u-map. eu/methodology doc/)and in the final report of the U-Map project,
University webpage Quality of information for students on the website. Index of several items including general information on institution and admissions, information about the program, information about classes/lectures;
In some countries, competitive public funding may be difficult to separate from other public funding. 3 Research publication output Frequency count of research publications with at least one author address referring to selected institution (within Web of Science) Broadly accepted.
research contracts may run over several years. 11 Research publication output Frequency count of (Web of Science) research publications with at least one author address referring to selected institutional unit (relative to fte academic
Data available (Web of Science), but professional (laymen's) publications not covered. 4 Research contracts with regional business The number of research projects with regional firms,
bibliometric analyses are the Web of Science and Scopus. 23 Both are commercial databases that provide global coverage of the research literature
The Web of Science database is maintained by ISI, the Institute for Scientific Information, which was taken over by Thomson Reuters a few years ago.
The Web of Science currently covers about 1 million new research papers per year published in over 10,000 international and regional journals and book series in the natural sciences, social sciences,
According to the Web of Science website, 3, 000 of these journals account for about 75%of published articles
and over 90%of cited articles. 24 The Web of Science claims to cover the highest impact journals worldwide,
and citation database containing both peer-reviewed research literature and web sources. It contains bibliometric information covering some 17
bibliometric data was derived from the October 2010 edition of the Web of Science bibliographical database.
'and harmonized in order to ensure that as many as possible of the Web of Science-indexed publications are assigned to the correct institution.
All the selected institutions in the U multirank pilot study produced at least one Web of Science-indexed research publication during the years 1980-2010.
The Web of Science, being both an international and multidisciplinary database, has its pros and cons. The bulk of the research publications are issued in peer-reviewed international scientific and technical journals,
There are relatively few conference proceedings in the Web of Science, and no books or 23 Yet another database is Google Scholar.
This is a service based on the automatic recording by Google's search engine of citations to any author's publications (of whatever type) included in other publications appearing on the worldwide web. 24 See:
http://thomsonreuters. com/products services/science/science products/a-z/web of science/82 monographs whatsoever, hence, publications referring to‘applied research
For the following six indicators selected for inclusion in the U multirank pilot test (see chapter 6) one can derive data from the CWTS/Thomson Reuters Web of Science database:
A glossary of indicators for the four surveys was published on the U multirank website. Throughout the data collection process the glossary was updated regularly.
A‘frequently asked questions'(FAQ) section next to a‘Helpdesk'function was launched on the website.
We updated the U multirank website regularly and provided information about the steps/time schedules for data collection.
This offered a clear indication of a broad variety of institutional profiles. 98 Some universities applied through the U multirank website to participate in the feasibility study.
and Helpdesk function were launched on the website. Furthermore, we shared the U-map protocol and the U multirank technical specification email (see appendices 10 and 11) with the institutions to ensure that a smooth data collection could take place.
the website of the institution was checked to see whether we could find information regarding the relevant data element.
If the website did not provide the information, other publicly available data sources were identified and studied to find out
we analysed the October 2010 edition of the Web of Science database (Wos) to compile the bibliometric data of the institutions involved in the sample.
Statistical information on 500 universities worldwide is freely available at the CWTS website: www. socialsciences. leiden. edu/cwts/products-services/scoreboard. html 4) Regional joint research publications Frequency count of publications with at least one author address referring to the selected main organization
Combining U-Map and U multirank Our user-driven interactive web tool will imply both steps, too.
In addition access to and navigation through the web tool will be made highly user-driven by specific‘entrances'for different groups of users (e g. students, researchers/academic staff, institutional administrators, employers) offering specific information
However, translation of the web tool and the underlying data is a substantial cost factor.
How do users choose to navigate through the web tool? What indicators are selected most frequently in personalized rankings?
Tracking of user behaviour can be built systematically into the implementation of the web tool and by doing
however, is on establishing the flexible web tool. 156 8. 4 The need for international data systems U multirank is isolated not an system,
Finalisation of the various U multirank instruments 1. Full development of the database and web tool.
But user-friendliness also deals with the design of the web tool, taking into account the differing information needs
A user-friendly tool needs various levels of information provision, understandable language, clarity of symbols and explanations, assisted navigation through the web tool and feedback loops providing information
Elements of a new project phase Work package Products Deadline Database and web tool Functioning database Functioning web tool prototype 06/2012 Standards
data as well as analysis based on existing data sets as e g. bibliometric analysis) Data publication (including development and maintenance of an interactive web tool) Basic information services for users Internal
and databases Data analysis Staff Number of countries and institutions covered Range of indicators and databases License fees of databases (e g. bibliometric) Publication Staff Basic IT costs Features of web tool
and could see the delivery of a web tool free of charge to students as its responsibility.
To keep the web tool free of charges, especially for students, an equivalent to the charges could be paid by the EC.
Charges to the users of the U multirank web tool would seriously undermine the aim of creating more transparency in European higher education by excluding students for example;
Market revenues could come from commercial elements of the web tool (advertising, apps. As soon as it is possible to publish authoritative rankings publishers/media partners could contribute to the costs. 176 A major additional source of income would be to charge institutional subscription fees
'Despite the focus on the flexible web tool, concepts for authoritative rankings, either for the public or for associations of higher education institutions, should be developed because of their market potential.
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