Carmel O'sullivan, Geoff Mulgan and Diogo Vasconcelos Working paper The Young Foundation and the Web Digital Social Innovation The Young Foundation September 2010 Over 27 million
40 per cent of internet users upload self-created content to the web, and the same amount post messages to chat sites, blogs and newsgroups. ii Nearly a quarter of UK mobile phones users now have a Smartphone,
of living in a western society predominately through the web. For example, in Tower Hamlets, a London borough with a large Bangladeshi population, Maslaha has been working with the Primary Care Trust (PCT) to offer Islamic advice on how to live a healthy life with diabetes.
web-based solutions to social problems, resulting in digital innovations such as Mypolice-a tool for people to feed back their positive and negative experiences of contact with the police. xi In 2008,
'freely available web tools are assisting communities to become digitally empowered. The Young Foundation's Local 2. 0 programme aims to learn more about how communities can be empowered using the web
and is piloting several projects with four English local authorities: the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council, Kirklees Council and Wiltshire Council.
and training for council officers on how to engage with communities via the web, to the creation of community websites that help people connect with one another
Some ideas can be copied from other societies that have moved faster for example how to run web-based exchange systems,
when citizens and public servants become tangled in a web of dysfunctional rules, regulations and procedures.
people and digital tools to create web-based social start-ups. lxxxiii Inspired by start-up and technology oriented events such as Barcamp,
'Hackdays, like Barcamps, focus on early stage web applications, but they are far more intense; software developers code continuously for 24 hours
or a problem which a web-based tool might be able to help solve-these are posted publicly online.
Winners receive 10 days of development time with the web development company, Headshift and roughly 10 hours of development time with the development agency,
web and tech support, policy work, media and PR and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising,
and web-based social networking around issues such as the management of chronic disease or childcare. Another trend is the rise of prosumption that is
However, within the complex web of existing NHS and local government frameworks, innovation is notoriously difficult to deliver.
Many of these methods have been helped greatly by the ability of the web to draw in a far wider range of people
the team felt that web 2. 0 tools provided the best means of communicating widely at little cost.
Information technologies and web 2. 0 tools are transforming how people interact, notwithstanding the necessity of physical space and meetings for the exchange of ideas and collaboration.
User feedback on service quality, including web-based models such as Patient Opinion and I Want Great care that hold service providers to account,
. 40) Web-based tools for co-design, such as the Australian site for people with disabilities and their carers, web2care.
and 2 engage as these selves in cyberspace. 73) Webinars are a fairly simple device for organising seminars over the web.
through models that create value for customers to models similar to those around the web that share knowledge and intellectual property. 106) Business strategies.
Particularly instructive for social ventures are the lessons from the business models adopted by web companies which
We anticipate considerable web-based innovation in this field, with websites providing guidance on organisational forms, and governance.
an ultra simple web-based tool for creating new organisations, changing constitutions, and engaging members and stakeholders. 124) Consumer shareholding can be used to involve consumers more directly in the work of a venture,
or download systems (such as web designs and technologies) that are becoming freely available. One model is developed the consortia by the small Italian firms in the‘Third Italy'.
it requires a system of user relationships and feedback as part of its operational spine. 137) Web presence.
Image courtesy of Rolf Disch, Solararchitecture. 4 SUSTAINING 77 venture that initiated the zero carbon development at Bedzed) recently placed its most valuable technical information on the web for open access
Instead of raising funds through banks and other intermediary institutions, the web opens up the possibility of making new types of connections and raising finance from potential consumers.
It works with councils in developing good practice through a network of online communities, web related resources and peer review.
thus ensuring knowledge transfer and diffusion (see also method 292). 197) Diffusion through the web. Viral marketing techniques can be used to tap into existing social networks and spread social ideas.
web and technical support, policy work, media and PR, and internal/external evaluations. While the franchisees are responsible for fundraising,
The web has brought also systemic innovation to retailing and news, and has the potential (albeit not yet realised) to achieve fundamental change in healthcare and education.
This involves a wide range of issues from the use of the web to the nature of technology and the design of distributed systems which provide spaces for people to contribute to projects directly,
and developers with those involved in meeting social needs to design web-based solutions to particular social challenges.
Lego have created a web platform Designbyme 3. 0 which enables users (mainly children) to design their own Lego sets.
and the Apache web server. These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to develop,
In this field, the web offers new ways to cut costs and widen connections. Websites like Kiva,
a web-based market for people to exchange time and loans of products. The model is implemented now in east London. 489) Markets for‘bads',such as emissions or waste-disposal trading schemes,
or web-based social networking around specific issues (there are reportedly 18 million cancer related websites, the great majority generated by those affected by the disease.
Ohmynews is a ground-breaking mediabased social innovation that uses web technology to give voice to citizen journalists.
Web based platforms for organising grass roots campaigns. In the last year alone, Facebook has been used to mobilise protesters against knife crime, the military Junta in Burma, and FARC.
, 201, Vouchers 56,87, 157, Walking 25 Waterfire, Rhode island 17 Web, The 21,38, 45,79, 97,108, 171 Web2care 31 Wellink 205 Welsh Water
Internet, Web) are the results of Research and Technological Development (RTD) programmes funded by public programmes has grown.
1) e-mail,(2) web-presence,(3) e-commerce,(4) e-business,(5) networked organizations,(6) digital business ecosystems.
web-presence (from 1993) The second phase saw proliferation of an electronic presence, usually through a static Web site.
Harnessing the Power of Business Webs, Harvard Business school Press; ISBN: 1578511933;(May 2000) James Moore, Death of Competition:
http://www. adimoserver. se/adimo4/(S (kokri4qeowj3nyvt0tkb1s45))/site/kista/web/default. aspx? p=1546&t=h401&l=en. 27 6. RELEVANCE OF TRIPLE HELIX SYSTEMS FOR KNOWLEDGE-BASED REGIONAL INNOVATION STRATEGIES Regional innovation policies have focused traditionally on the promotion of localized learning processes
Conflict and the Web of Group Affiliations. Translated and edited by Kurt Wolff. Free Press, Glencoe, IL. 48 Slaughter, S l. Leslie. 1997.
as well as on the complex web of interactions and on the institutional environment guiding and facilitating the actions and interactions of economic agents.
Increasingly also, web tools of rankings begin to include some degree of interactivity and choice for end users.
we now briefly describe the way we have worked methodologically out the principle of being driven user (see section 2. 2). We propose an interactive web-based approach,
In some countries, competitive public funding may be difficult to separate from other public funding. 3 Research publication output Frequency count of research publications with at least one author address referring to selected institution (within Web of Science) Broadly accepted.
research contracts may run over several years. 11 Research publication output Frequency count of (Web of Science) research publications with at least one author address referring to selected institutional unit (relative to fte academic
Data available (Web of Science), but professional (laymen's) publications not covered. 4 Research contracts with regional business The number of research projects with regional firms,
bibliometric analyses are the Web of Science and Scopus. 23 Both are commercial databases that provide global coverage of the research literature
The Web of Science database is maintained by ISI, the Institute for Scientific Information, which was taken over by Thomson Reuters a few years ago.
The Web of Science currently covers about 1 million new research papers per year published in over 10,000 international and regional journals and book series in the natural sciences, social sciences,
According to the Web of Science website, 3, 000 of these journals account for about 75%of published articles
and over 90%of cited articles. 24 The Web of Science claims to cover the highest impact journals worldwide,
and citation database containing both peer-reviewed research literature and web sources. It contains bibliometric information covering some 17
bibliometric data was derived from the October 2010 edition of the Web of Science bibliographical database.
'and harmonized in order to ensure that as many as possible of the Web of Science-indexed publications are assigned to the correct institution.
All the selected institutions in the U multirank pilot study produced at least one Web of Science-indexed research publication during the years 1980-2010.
The Web of Science, being both an international and multidisciplinary database, has its pros and cons. The bulk of the research publications are issued in peer-reviewed international scientific and technical journals,
There are relatively few conference proceedings in the Web of Science, and no books or 23 Yet another database is Google Scholar.
This is a service based on the automatic recording by Google's search engine of citations to any author's publications (of whatever type) included in other publications appearing on the worldwide web. 24 See:
For the following six indicators selected for inclusion in the U multirank pilot test (see chapter 6) one can derive data from the CWTS/Thomson Reuters Web of Science database:
we analysed the October 2010 edition of the Web of Science database (Wos) to compile the bibliometric data of the institutions involved in the sample.
Combining U-Map and U multirank Our user-driven interactive web tool will imply both steps, too.
In addition access to and navigation through the web tool will be made highly user-driven by specific‘entrances'for different groups of users (e g. students, researchers/academic staff, institutional administrators, employers) offering specific information
However, translation of the web tool and the underlying data is a substantial cost factor.
How do users choose to navigate through the web tool? What indicators are selected most frequently in personalized rankings?
Tracking of user behaviour can be built systematically into the implementation of the web tool and by doing
however, is on establishing the flexible web tool. 156 8. 4 The need for international data systems U multirank is isolated not an system,
Finalisation of the various U multirank instruments 1. Full development of the database and web tool.
But user-friendliness also deals with the design of the web tool, taking into account the differing information needs
A user-friendly tool needs various levels of information provision, understandable language, clarity of symbols and explanations, assisted navigation through the web tool and feedback loops providing information
Elements of a new project phase Work package Products Deadline Database and web tool Functioning database Functioning web tool prototype 06/2012 Standards
data as well as analysis based on existing data sets as e g. bibliometric analysis) Data publication (including development and maintenance of an interactive web tool) Basic information services for users Internal
and databases Data analysis Staff Number of countries and institutions covered Range of indicators and databases License fees of databases (e g. bibliometric) Publication Staff Basic IT costs Features of web tool
and could see the delivery of a web tool free of charge to students as its responsibility.
To keep the web tool free of charges, especially for students, an equivalent to the charges could be paid by the EC.
Charges to the users of the U multirank web tool would seriously undermine the aim of creating more transparency in European higher education by excluding students for example;
Market revenues could come from commercial elements of the web tool (advertising, apps. As soon as it is possible to publish authoritative rankings publishers/media partners could contribute to the costs. 176 A major additional source of income would be to charge institutional subscription fees
'Despite the focus on the flexible web tool, concepts for authoritative rankings, either for the public or for associations of higher education institutions, should be developed because of their market potential.
Facebook processes 10 terabytes of data every day. 220 Terabytes of Web Data. 9 Petabytes of dat-a Web. 2 billion Internet users by 2011 (worldwide.
reliable access to data using large clusters of Application Layer---Business Applications, Web Services Multimedia Platforms---Software Framework (Java, Python,.
Int J Web Serv Res 8: 26 53. doi: 10.4018/JWSR. 2011070102 10. Gai K, Li S (2012) Towards cloud computing:
and Integration (UDDI) for implementing registries of web services 6 Standards-based solutions for reuse, interoperability,
Standard executable languages for specifying actions within business processes as web services, such as, e g.,, the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) 10 Usage models based service invocation Analytics Mining of event-stream data Real-time execution of business rules Adapted from 4
and web-based, that we adopt to summarize the diversity of the ones available at the state of the art.
As for the web-based development model, it focuses on applications using the web browser already installed on the devices.
Deploy the application through a leaner channel (Web vs. EAS Enterprise Application Systems. Finally, we consider a hybrid development model.
which built applications using web technologies that ensure portability, however, integrating them with specific characteristics of the different devices.
fitting to a native development model or else to a web-based one. Consider the business impacts of the benefits related to a reduction of time
MIT Press, Cambridge 6. UDDI. org (2001) UDDI technical white paper 7. Papazoglou M (2007) Web services:
a highly innovative vision grows out of the specific Web 2. 0 technologies current configuration,
by Gregg Dawn, collective intelligence applications differ from Web 2. 0 applications because they can be designed custom applications for small highly specialized domains instead of the larger Web audience 7. Furthermore collective intelligence applications have the following characteristics 7, that is they:
have task specific representations; are data centric; are designed to collect and share data among users;
while 57%was more comfortable with traditional advertisement forms and 34%preferred web advertisement 8. In this scenario,
Under this point of view, ontologies enable Web documents annotation, making the process of querying formulation and reaching accurate results easier 21.
or semi-computerized tools able to annotate documents (not only web documents) in different formats, from images and texts to more structured formats like those used in traditional relational database 21.4.3 Information Growth
Before these tools and the 2. 0 web technologies'spread, firms that wanted to understand consumers'opinions had to conduct long and costly market researches.
(and, will be enabled by the diffusion of Web 2. 0 4. 3 Information Growth and Market Opinion 73 technologies and social networks,
However, the adoption of these technologies based on web applications is influenced by the ability to properly develop security policies.
Moreover, in addition to web browsers, also web server software can be attacked easily by malware and other threats.
or web application cluster, always considering the preferences, behaviors and habits of the end users, trying to be customized as as possible.
and web technologies to infer data about people preferences, activities, and their social environments 35.
Some distribution format, such as web interfaces or mobile services, can be integrated easily with instruments for users'interaction (comments
For many years, Marketing Intelligence Decision maker 2 Decision maker 1 Decisor Maker n Cooperation Market signals Information Sources (Web 1. 0, 2
Tsytsarau M, Palpanas T (2011) Survey on mining subjective data on the web. Data Min Knowl Discov 24: 478 514. doi:
Soc. web search Min. ACM, Hong kong, pp 65 68 16. Li Y, Ma S, Zhang Y, Huang R, Kinshuk (2013) An improved mix framework for opinion leader identification in online learning communities.
analyzing predictive opinions on the web. In The Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural language processing and Computational Natural language Learning (EMNLP-Conll)( pp. 1056 1064.
supporting decision making using web 2. 0 content. IEEE Intell Syst 26:78 82 33. Jindal N, Liu B (2008) Opinion spam and analysis. In:
Proceedings 2008 International Conference Web Search Data Min ACM, New york, pp 219 230 34. Schuster D, Rosi A, Mamei M, Springer T, Endler M, Zambonelli F (2013) Pervasive social context:
Industries are now learning to follow the consumers'behaviors not only in their markets but also in the Web.
By providing communication and social platforms capabilities through web-based apps, employees can be productive regardless of
voice mail and web publishing tools. The second class is the electronic conferencing tools, in which, they provide more interactive methods of sharing data and information.
However, electronic meeting systems need to be distinguished from classic groupware and from web conferencing systems.
Moreover, web conferencing systems and electronic meeting systems complement each other's capabilities during the online conference or workshop.
EMS systems extend the web conferencing system by providing tools that enable interactive production and documentation of group results.
In contrast, web conferencing software complement EMS with screen-sharing as well as the ability for the voice interaction functionality that is necessary in synchronous online conferences and does not exist in EMS 12.
Users became more familiar with web conferencing tools which helped in overcoming the traditional cultural barriers that hindered the use of such systems.
The cost of such systems before using the web has been reduced, likewise. The number of people who can work on systems simultaneously
Google docs is a freeware web-based office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service.
Also, Microsoft offers a web-based 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems and Ideas 125 version of Onenote as part of Skydrive or Office Web Apps, providing users with ability to modify notes via a Web browser.
This software allows companies and users to: create notes, outlines, clippings of websites, and collections of images;
access the notes from mobiles, Web or desktop devices; outlines collaborative presentations; maintain a shared repository for research
This word is combination of‘web'and‘seminar 'which refers to a seminar that is conducted over the web.
This technology provides a platform for people to communicate and collaborate over separated geographical locations by using the internet as a two-way of information and data sharing,
Doan A, Ramakrishnan R, Halevy AY (2011) Crowdsourcing systems on the Worldwide Web. Commun ACM 54:86. doi:
humanbased character recognition via web security measures. Science (80-)321: 1465 1468 25. Verma A, Singh A (2010) Webinar education through digital collaboration.
J Emerg Technol Web Intell 2: 131 136. doi: 10.4304/jetwi. 2. 2. 131-136 References 131 Chapter 7 Digital Business Identity Abstract This Chapter explores the identity challenges for businesses both as security
web and email addresses. As for this issue, according to an independent study commissioned by Talktalk Business, a United kingdom (UK)' s leading provider of B2b data Offer and communicate a clear,
email and web addresses may lead to an increase number of business prospects, e g.,, for Small and medium enterprises (SMES) 26.
, new regulations, impacting on narrower aspects such as telephone numbers, email and web address, in order to avoid loss in revenue and‘‘contacts''with customers.
that is the web community‘‘my Nutella The Community''promoted in Italy in early 2004 by the firm Ferrero, an Italian based worldwide manufacturer of chocolate and other confectionery products5.
such as telephone numbers, email and web addresses, etc. and savvy investments on digital media in the outer context of organizations;
, to web existence of firm, since sometimes, web teams and business divisions within organizations tend all to claim the ownership of the organizational web presence.
Indeed, the web teams feel they should take the control over the websites and social channels because they feel they have the skills
and knowledge to maintain the quality of web presence. Similarly, business managers and employees think Table 8. 1 Governance benefits for risks associated to key decision making areas Key decision making areas Risks Governance benefits Identifying the relevant decisions Misdirected effort
Good governance allows to identify the decisions that have a real impact on organizational goals,
which includes not only the core web team and business stakeholders but also the web managers within the organization and deep and rich support infrastructure that can include legal department, business experts and ICT specialists as well as external vendors.
Most importantly, those team members need to realize that they are stewards of the digital presence and not the owners of service.
and federal web managers council 16. Although these recommendations were created to be applied in US government offices,
many companies with a registered domain on the Web were aimed entirely at attracting as many users as possible to their websites,
In particular, the web offers unique and unprecedented meeting and exchange opportunities between companies and customers.
Web servers can monitor and record the navigation of millions of users and produce in real-time pages with a highly personalized content based on the profile and preferences of the single user.
, web-based supply chain management 176 9 Reinventing Business models systems, online commerce, interactive customer service) that enable the creation of value not only through the reduction of costs,
One of the economic models that are most popular among Web 2. 0 companies, which exploits the peculiarities of the information economy, is the so-called‘‘freemium''(combination of‘‘free''and‘‘premium'')
harnessing the power of business webs. Harvard Business school Press, Cambridge 18. Amit R, Zott C (2001) Value creation in E-business.
Billguard automatically scouts the web, using crowdsourced data to harness the collective knowledge of millions of consumers reporting every day about billing complaints
web-based or networked media, or applications running elsewhere. Digitization of physical content is also possible by scanning paper documents with a smartphone camera.
Sergey Brin and Larry page launched the company with a mission to organize a seemingly infinite and unstructured amount of information on the web.
Le Web and Pioneers are leading international conferences gathering entrepreneurs and talent, promoting entrepreneurship by providing access to broad and dynamic networks
as the value web continues to displace linear value chains of merely one-directional value and money flows.
Available at http://web. mit. edu/ceepr/www/publications/workingpapers/2011-014. pdf. Hamilton, K. and M. Clemens. 1998.
and digital content teams in conveying the findings of the competitiveness reports to the public through press, web, and social media.
Available at http://www. cisco. com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/Ioe economy. pdf. Canalys. 2012.
type=web content&articleid=1208342..2013b. Visual Networking Index (VNI. Available at http://www. cisco. com/en/US/netsol/ns827/networking solutions solution category. html. Cukier, K. and V. Mayer-Schoenburger. 2013.
Available at http://www. cisco. com/web/strategy/docs/energy/gridonomics white paper. pdf. The Economist. 2010.
Cisco. http://www. cisco. com/web/strategy/docs/energy/managing utility data intelligence. pdf. Top500. org. 2013. Supercomputer Sites. http://www. top500. org/system/177999, accessed October 4, 2013.
, web search, web advertising) Quantitative management of investment funds Crowdsourcing to augment internal data Large-scale implementation Experimenting/selective adoption BIG DATA Chapter 1. 3:
Surfing the web would be more convenient without cookie notifications and approvals. The APEC framework recognizes this
and economic activities to the web. 4 More data are generated today than ever before; this is a positive trend that will inevitably continue:
Available at http://web. mit. edu/rgibbons/www/Coase%20meets%20the%20cloud final. pdf. Chen, Z.,W. Hendrix, H. Guan,
Documents and content, such as PDFS, web content, and legal discovery elements (electronic information exchange in civil litigations).
and for loyalty management that extends channel reach from point of sale, web, and call center to include mobile and social capabilities.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011