Megabit per second

Gigabit per second (10)
Kilobit per second (15)
Megabit per second (122)

Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication: Data transfer rates: Megabit per second:

Europe needs download rates of 30 Mbps for all of its citizens and at least 50%of European households subscribing to the Internet connections above 100 Mbps by 2020;

Forfás believes that Ireland should seek to have advanced an broadband infrastructure comparable with our key 10 Advanced broadband services are defined as services with speeds of at least 100 Mbps

DAE has set ambitious targets for high speed internet infrastructure across the Union by 2020: 100%coverage of EU households at 30 Mbps minimum+50%take-up subscriptions

at 100 Mbps minimum) and for wide deployment and more effective use of digital technologies, applications and services.

and take-up targets of next generation networks (over 30 Mbps), assessing the most suitable investment models, 89 etc.

Predicted 100 Mbps FTTC/VDSL European household coverage in 2020 31 Figure 7: Percentage of households passed by cable (2010) 36 Figure 8:

incremental CAPEX and OPEX needed to achieve 4 Mbps download and 1 Mbps upload speed 42 Figure 15:

The broadband deployment gap in the United states 43 Figure 16: Cost of covering different geotypes, from most dense to least dense, in Spain 44 Figure 17:

Annualized cost (Present Value) of CAPEX per user (€) with a requirement for a guaranteed 10 Mbps 61 Figure 25:

1) availability of broadband for all Europeans in 2013,2) deployment of 30 Mbps broadband capability to all Europeans by 2020,

and (3) adoption of 100 Mbps broadband by 50%of European households by 2020. The detailed meaning of these goals is,

Per projections based on Cisco VNI data, average global bandwidth demand per household in 2020 (the target data for achieving the DAE's objectives for ultra-fast broadband) is less than 2 Mbps

Ability of different technologies to meet realistic consumer demand Eurodocsis 3. 0 cable systems already comfortably exceed the 100 Mbps called for in the DAE.

Mbps 3. Similar considerations apply to 4g wireless systems. There are surely limitations on the ability of wireless solutions alone to meet DAE objectives in dense population centres,

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Population density FTTH-GPON FTTC-VDSL DOCSIS 6/12/30 Mbps LTE

the newest standards for wireless communication of high-speed data Mbps Mega bit per second (one million bits per second) MDF Main distribution frame MDU Multiple Dwelling Unit

The DAE includes full broadband availability in 2013,100%availability of 30 Mbps (henceforth called fast broadband) in 2020,

and 50%adoption of 100 Mbps (henceforth called ultra-fast broadband) by 2020.2 The rationale for promoting widespread deployment and adoption of broadband,

including ultra-fast (30 Mbps or more) broadband, seems clear enough. Widespread availability of broadband is viewed widely as an important contributor to European economic wellbeing,

1) availability of broadband for all Europeans in 2013,2) deployment of 30 Mbps broadband capability to all European by 2020,

and (3) adoption of 100 Mbps broadband by 50%of European households. The detailed meaning of these goals is less clear.

Per projections based on Cisco VNI data, average global bandwidth demand per household in the busy hour in 2020 is less than 2 Mbps. Ultra-fast broadband access is useful,

Eurodocsis 3 0 cable systems already comfortably exceed the 100 Mbps called for in the DAE. Even with current technology, cable networks are capable of meeting realistic consumer bandwidth demand well in excess of that which is likely to be present in 2020 and considerably beyond.

by 2020, to ensure that all Europeans have access to much higher Internet speeds of above 30 Mbps,

%or more of European households subscribe to Internet connections above 100 Mbps. 6 These goals would seem to be clear,

but that deserves to be raised, has to do with the distribution of the 50%of households that are to subscribe to ultrafast broadband at speeds of 100 Mbps

Cisco VNI (2011). 11 Translating the above Cisco data into Mbps demand, during the average hour and during the busy hour,

Average and busy hour global consumer household bandwidth requirements Household generating more per month than GB Mean BW>Mbps Busy Hr BW>Mbps 2010 2011

Even in 2020, the average demand during the busy hour is well below 2 Mbps. This has important implications,

2019 2020 Mbps 21. Ultra-fast broadband access is useful, but it is not necessary to assume that every broadband user will consume maximum capacity all the time.

Eurodocsis 3. 0 cable systems already comfortably exceed the 100 Mbps called for in the DAE. Even with current technology, cable networks are capable of meeting realistic consumer bandwidth demand well in excess of that which is likely to be present in 2020,

say, 10 Mbps) and ultra-fast broadband at speeds of 30 Mbps or greater. A notable exception is a study that Analysys Mason

including 30 Mbps deployment and 100 Mbps adoption, it is necessary to begin with a discussion of capabilities of the broadband technologies that are likely to be suitable for meeting those DAE goals in 2020 (Section 4. 1). This leads into a discussion of the current cost of deploying each of these technologies.

and of ultra-fast broadband at 30 Mbps and 100 Mbps (Section 4. 4). 4. 1 Technologies for fast broadband Some have attempted to limit the discussion of Next Generation Access (NGA

they are able to deliver 50 Mbps provided the copper sub-loop is shorter than about 400-500 meters.

Many have assumed consequently that FTTC/VDSL is relevant to 30 Mbps DAE objectives, but no more;

which case 100 Mbps should be achievable. 38 Figure 6: Predicted 100 Mbps FTTC/VDSL European household coverage in 2020 Source:

Yardley et al. 2012b). ) 37 See RTR, Consultation input from RTR Gmbh (Austrian Regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications),

with an ambitious target for universal broadband coverage with speeds of at least 30 Mbps for all Europeans by 2020.39 See Chapter 5 for more details. 40 Apart from the very different physical infrastructure,

with an ambitious target for universal broadband coverage with speeds of at least 30 Mbps for all Europeans by 2020.42 Steady technological improvements are noteworthy.

It is difficult to assess the fraction of the European population that cannot be covered costeffectively at 30 Mbps with the fixed network.

Since the 100 Mbps target refers only to adoption by 50%of households, we assume that there is no need for mobile to meet this need.

The 100 Mbps users can be located in areas that have higher density. In Australia, where an ultra-fast government-owned National Broadband Network (NBN) is being deployed,

and OPEX that would be required to deploy broadband (with 4 Mbps download and 1 Mbps upload speed) to all households in the United states. Underserved areas tend to be mountainous

or remote (see Figure 14). Figure 14: The broadband gap in the United states: incremental CAPEX and OPEX needed to achieve 4 Mbps download

and 1 Mbps upload speed Source: FCC: The Broadband Availability Gap, April 2010. A striking finding is that a disproportionately large fraction of the gap is associated with covering a tiny fraction of the population.

The most expensive 250,000 households, representing just 0. 2%of all households, represent about half of the gap (see Figure 15). 43.

A Eurodocsis 2. 0 system can deliver raw downstream bit rates of from 38 Mbps (64-QAM) to 51 Mbps (256-QAM) in an 8 MHZ channel,

and raw upstream bit rates of about 30 Mbps (64-QAM) in a 6. 4 MHZ channel. 64 61 Splitters are bidirectional passive components used to split

more than 200 Mbps through the bonding of four channels, or more than 400 Mbps through the bonding of eight channels;

and Upstream: more than 100 Mbps through the bonding of four channels. Technical progress as to DOCSIS capabilities is,

however, very dynamic. It is therefore to be expected that substantially higher raw bit rates will be available downstream and upstream in the future.

This yields 400 Mbps of usable throughput downstream. Development of CPE capable of 16 channels downstream and 8 channels upstream is already under way.

(and willingness to pay) in all likelihood will remain well below the 100 Mbps access speed threshold addressed in the DAE,

using DOCSIS 3. 0 cable at speeds of 6, 12 or 30 Mbps, and using wireless (LTE at 2. 6 GHZ).

VIII IX X Population density FTTH-GPON FTTC-VDSL DOCSIS 6/12/30 Mbps LTE-2. 6 GHZ EUR 61.

If, however, one assumes that there is a requirement for guaranteed bandwidth of 10 Mbps, then the fixed solutions are greatly superior to wireless.

Annualized cost (Present Value) of CAPEX per user (€) with a requirement for a guaranteed 10 Mbps Source:

It is worth noting once again that Cisco VNI data strongly suggest that average data consumption per household during the busy hour will be less than 2 Mbps, even in 2020.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Population density FTTH-GPON FTTC-VDSL DOCSIS 6/12/30 Mbps LTE

because cable is felt to be incapable (at present, at least) of providing 30 Mbps, to say nothing of 100 Mbps, of usable symmetric capacity. 77 In our view,

the use of scenarios is appropriate, but it is necessary to temper this use with reasonable expectations as to what European consumers want and need.

30 Mbps of guaranteed symmetric bandwidth seems to be enormously in excess of the average busy hour of residential consumers, even in 2020 and well beyond. 78 Thus,

The Basic scenario, where 30 Mbps and 100 Mbps can be interpreted as advertised speeds, are probably somewhat below the level of realistic consumer expectations in 2020,

89 Feijoo and Barroso, op cit. Note that the figure shows a maximum speed of 30 Mbps

today, however, cable broadband offers of 100 Mbps or more are commonplace in many European countries. 73.74 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) REFERENCES Cable Europe Labs (2009:

Objective 2020 EU Targets RO Targets Current situation RO Covered by broadband 100%by 2013 100%by 2020 90.0%(2013) Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps

100%by 2020 80%by 2020 66.0%(2013) Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps 50%by 2020 45%by 2020 25.0%(2013) Population to buy online 50%by 2015

Climate change and energy sustainability Education Fighting poverty and social exclusion Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps Regular internet

by 2020,94%of households will be covered with connection at speeds of above 30 Mbps and only 50%could be covered with connections at speeds of over 100 Mbps with a penetration rate of 26,

%significantly lower than the one specified in the Digital Agenda for Europe. Measures to be assumed at national level In this context,

(i) access to speeds of above 30 Mbps for all Europeans, and (ii) subscription of internet connection above 100 Mbps for 50%or more of European households.

These goals will only be achieved if the infrastructure deployment costs are lowered across the EU. 5. 1. 3 National context Primary Objective New Generation Networks strategy has as its objective the availability of a group of highly advanced, state-of-the-art

%with 55%of population shared subscriptions with at least 30 Mbps and 25%of subscriptions were with at least 100 Mbps. The Mobile broadband take-up is 41%in total subscriptions per 100 people.

In 2013, the coverage of fast broadband, of minimum 30 Mbps was of 55 %and the minimum of 100 Mbps is reached by 25%of total households.

Page 107 of 170 Access to Internet in Romania 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Inhabitants with access to internet(%)38%42%47%54%58%Access

& Conclusions Date July 9th 2013 Page 164 of 170 APPENDIX 7 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INDICATORS MAPPING Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions

to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet

indirect indirect direct direct Page 165 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online

indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect Page 166 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps

Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population

by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage overall Population that has used never the internet

Citizens using egovernment Returning completed forms#of data sets and reports available for public use. direct indirect indirect indirect direct direct direct direct direct direct direct#of social projects/applications developed using open data direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect direct direct indirect

30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage

above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales Population to buy online cross-border Population to buy online Among disadvantaged people Regular internet usage

direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct direct Page 170 of 170 Name of targets Covered by broadband Covered by broadband above 30 Mbps Subscriptions to fixed broadband above 100 Mbps SMES to make online sales

DAE has set ambitious targets for high speed internet infrastructure across the Union by 2020: 100%coverage of EU households at 30 Mbps minimum+50%take-up subscriptions

at 100 Mbps minimum) and for wide deployment and more effective use of digital technologies, applications and services.

and take-up targets of next generation networks (over 30 Mbps), assessing the most suitable investment models, 89 etc.

universal access to much higher speed internet (30 Mbps or more) by 2020 and subscribing 50%or more of European households to over 100 Mbps Internet connection.

in order to reach the EU 2020 objectives aiming at providing 100%of the population with a large broadband at the level of 30 Mbps

and 50%at the level of 100 Mbps. The Region also launched an important process of opening of public sources,

castellano-manchegos tienen la posibilidad de conectarse a cnología 99 e RIS3 CASTILLA-LA MANCHA acceso de 1 Mbps incluida dentro

rurales de Castilla acceso de velocidad mínima de 2 Mbps a más de 400 pequeños núcleos de población rurales donde los

-Considerar la inclusión del servicio básico de 2 Mbps dentro del ámbito del servicio universal.

Mbps, y el 50%o más de los hogares europeos estén abonados a accesos a internet por encima de los 100 Mbps

el fin de alcanzar una cobertura que permita el acceso a una velocidad de 30 megabits por segundo (Mbps) o superior

han obtenido licencias de ámbito au Inclusión del servicio básico de 2 Mbps dentro del ámbito del servicio universal estipulado

Como acceso de banda ancha básica se entiende a aquellos accesos de velocidades inferiores a 10 Mbps. Sin embarg como acceso de

que han obtenido licencia en la embargo, la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones considera actualmente acceso de 2 Mbps dentro del

Para garantizar un servicio de acceso de 30 Mbps en el año 2020, es preciso desplegar infraestructuras terrestres.

año 2020 (30 Mbps para todos los ciudadanos. Promover la fabricación y disponibilidad de terminales móviles en la banda de 2. 6 GHZ.

As for speeds, 64.3%of the population has access to 30 Mbps broadband, and 53.3%to 100 Mbps. From 2010 to 2013, the percentage of residents with broadband Internet access increased significantly, with 18.90 percentage points.

However, broadband penetration is below the national average. Castilla y León's significant area as well as the dispersion of its population has caused difficulties in telecommunication infrastructure deployment.

energy use egovernment completed forms Targets possibly achieved in 2015 Non-usage (probable) Overall egovernment (possible) Too early to tell NGA coverage 100 Mbps take-up R&d in ICT

According to the high-speed interface, each node has a transmission data rate of 15 Mbps. On the other hand, the Bluetooth interface has a transmission data rate of 1 Mbps

but it is used for a rather short-range coverage (e g. 10 meters). Also, every new message is created at a 30-second interval

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