Nick Poole 13 Mobile museums: where things stand. Charlotte Sexton 15 Legal aspects of digitising the museum:
'or the use of new technologies such as smartphone apps as a replacement to the traditional audio guide.
smartphones and tablets are simply a fact of life. The question is therefore less about how museums can respond to a'digital'age,
The current rise in popularity of mobile technologies such as smartphones and tablet devices is forcing cultural organisations, and especially museums
especially as mobile technologies in particular have become almost ubiquitous over the last five years with the phenomenal take-up of smart phones and tablets like the ipad.
especially if that requires the use of mobile hand-held devices. There are several essential factors to consider as a museum develops its engagement strategy:
it is essential for any museum thinking seriously about going mobile to consider the following
It gives them the chance to open mobile and purely virtual museums alongside brick-andmortar establishments.
In actuality, mobile and Internet services are not just a possibility but a necessity. 29 COPYRIGHT QUESTIONS FOR MUSEUMS Internet accessibility does not come without copyright problems,
Index Terms Blended learning, social media, smart phones, informal education, obsolete education. I. INTRODUCTION IBM predicts that in the next couple of years,
either traditional television or the new media (including cell phones, ipads, and social media. The average 8-to 10-year-old devotes approximately 8 hours a day to a variety of different media contents,
or cell phones. Practically all youngsters have access to the Internet (84%%usually high-speed, and 1/3 have access in their own bedroom.
75%of 12-to 17-year-olds now own cell phones, up from 45%in 2004.
They actually talk less on their phones than any other age group except for senior citizens. 3,
and one-third send more than 100 per day. 3 Teenagers mostly access social media sites from cell phones. 4 They are also avid multitaskers,
Teens, Smartphones and Texting. WASHINGTON DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project. Online. Available: http://www. pewinternet. org//media/Files/Reports/2012/PIP TEENS S martphones and texting. pdf 4 A. Lenhart, R. Ling, S. Campbell, and K. Purcell.
Teens and Mobile phones. WASHINGTON DC: Pew Internet and American Life Project. Online. Available: http://www. pewinternet. org//media//Files/Reports/2010/P IP-Teens-and-Mobile-2010-with-topline. pdf 5 Survey conducted by Maguire Associates, Chronicle
of Higher education. The Innovative University: What College Presidents Think about Change in American Higher education Online. Available:
Bank for reconstruction and development/The World bank 1818 H Street NW, WASHINGTON DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www. worldbank. org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World bank with external contributions.
/data/good-practice Doing Business iphone app Doing Business at a Glance presenting the full report,
rankings and highlights for each topic for the iphone, ipad and ipod touch http://www. doingbusiness. org/special-features/iphone Doing Business 2015 Going Beyond Efficiency v
The research carried out by thecirca Group Europe using a combination of phone and face-to-face interviews,
Events, Telephone Advisory Service, Service Essentials Workshop and the Service Strategy Programme. In order to create meaningful impact on a business it is important to engage it over a longer period of time.
It would be like trying to do healthcare without telephones. The benefits from having an integrated electronic record in terms of the quality of care you can give are really indisputable.
The advent of the Global system for mobile communications (GSM) standard launched in 1990 opened up a worldwide market for mobile phones
Health Information and Quality Authority Dublin Regional Office George's Court George's Lane Smithfield Dublin 7 Phone:+
Today, passengers can already check themselves into the next flight using their smart phones. And that's not all:
Applications such electronic toll systems, the ecall emergency call system or mobile payments are assigned an infrastructure to better meet our stringent requirements for security within a mobile
mobile phone and internet applications that are powering these changes. The needs span a wide range of skills,
which seeks to harness the power of mobile phones to promote education, commerce, health, sport and more.
25 4. 6 Mobile phone repair and computer assembly...26 4. 7 Green jobs...26 4. 7. 1 Green jobs and ICTS...
41 6. 5 Mobile resources...41 6. 6 Comprehensive programmes...42 7 Getting there becoming ICT-savvy...
53 7. 4. 4 Mobile phones learning on the go...53 7. 5 Certification...54 7. 5. 1badges...
mobile phones, social media, and the game industry. For today's youth this signals an opportunity, if the right steps are taken.
and in particular mobile phones, to solve global health challenges. The World health organization (WHO), using data from the Center for Health Market Innovations (CHMI),
Using mobile phone applications, financial transactions are expedited between physicians and patients. 6. Mitigate fraud and abuse:
Moreover, most of the technology-based solutions rely on mobile phones (63 per cent), computers (39 per cent),
explaining why some programmes prefer mobile phones over computers. Other barriers, like initial and ongoing costs,
SMS for Life relies on only a basic mobile phone to improve access to essential malaria medicines in rural areas of developing countries.
It uses a combination of mobile phones, SMS messages and electronic mapping technology to track weekly stock levels at public health facilities.
Great potential for employment growth derives from a demand for services enabled by mobile phones. 81 Young people can now find
and even get paid via their cell phones. Young people are doing mobile microwork, and also being contracted to carry out market research in their own communities.
Given the growth in mobile phones, there is a lot of interest in mobile applications and how the emerging app economy 83 might generate new employment opportunities for young people around the world.
infodev, 2011), 28, www. infodev. org/en/Publication. 1076. html. 81 World bank, Information and Communications for Development 2012 Maximizing Mobile,(Washington, D c.:
pesa is Swahili for money) is an innovative mobile transfer solution that enables customers to transfer money.
Mobile phones are becoming an important tool for job seekers and there are a number of job-matching services in the developing world that simplify the job search process.
Young job seekers use their mobile phones to create and update personal profiles in Souktel's system.
Souktel's mobile-based job search functionality is especially useful in the middle East and Africa where young women may not have the same freedoms to seek employment through conventional means,
Maximizing Mobile, 75.85 Crowdsourcing, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Crowdsourcing, accessed on December 3, 2012.
using the internet or mobile phones. Workers are paid small amounts of money for completing each task.
The m2work challenge calls for participants to identify real-world problems that could be addressed by millions of underprivileged people equipped with internet-connected mobile phones.
The rapid rise of smartphones, tablets, and social media, and the applications-apps-that run on them,
Since the iphone was introduced in 2007, the app economy has generated roughly 752 000 app related jobs in the United states alone as of July 2013.92 The figure is 530 000 jobs in the 28 European union countries. 93 Apps
Interestingly, winners of Pivot East's recent app competitions for the mobile and developer communities in East Africa have both been games-a Matatu racing game that has been downloaded 150 000 times in over 200 countries
Vision Mobile research shows that only a select few app developers in more mature markets are managing to make a living as app developers. 94 Sustaining an app in the market requires much more than developing it,
530,000 jobs and rising,(Vision Mobile, September 2013), www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising/94
Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012: The New App Economy,(June 2012) 4, www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-app-economy/.
as smartphone penetration rises and people in these regions become more engaged. 95 Mandel and Scherer, The Geography of the App Economy, 15.96 Vision Mobile, Developer Economics 2012:
The New App Economy, 73. Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 23 Figure 9:
These opportunities could be particularly strong in countries with large markets, rapidly increasing levels of user engagement and smartphone penetration as in Asia
and applications and are part of a wider mobile innovation programme, seeking to develop talent and produce successful companies with strong growth potential.
In many developing countries where mobile phones are the primary means of accessing information via the internet,
In Egypt, for example, the Ministry of Communications and Information technology has held a contest to promote the development of accessibility mobile phone apps and other software applications, with the most recent 97 In the United states, for example,
Perhaps the ICT of greatest interest to this community is the mobile phone, and in particular smart phones for such features as:
hearing aid compatibility, open or closed-captioned multimedia content, video chat applications, screen reading applications, customized alert settings, voice-commands, adjustable font sizes, predictive text,
Making Mobile phones and Services Accessible, 2012 102 Lehdonvirta and Ernkvist. Knowledge Map Of The Virtual Economy, p51. 103 Gold Farming refers to
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 26 4. 6 Mobile phone repair and computer assembly Mobile phone repair as well as computer maintenance and assembly continue to be important areas of youth job
In cities throughout the developing world, the ICT and electronics markets where mobile phones are sold and repaired serve as many people's first interactions with technology as well as a huge source of employment and entrepreneurship.
In addition to jobs that require higher education such as engineering, the pervasive use of ICT applications from web portals, text messages (SMS), mobile phone based monitoring systems,
Maximizing Mobile, 77.138 Mobile Monday, www. mobilemonday. net. 139 A pitch fest is an event where entrepreneurs have the opportunity to pitch their ideas to potential investors. 140 Barcamp is an international
www. iyfnet. org/build-your-business 6. 5 Mobile resources An increasing number of mobile phone resources are enabling entrepreneurs to access capital,
With the number of mobile phone devices far eclipsing personal computers in most of the world for many entrepreneurs in developing countries and rural areas,
otherwise be impossible. 146 Mobile payment systems and market information are two areas with plentiful mobile resources.
the network provider Safaricom has pioneered a successful mobile payment initiative known as M-PESA. Currently the most developed mobile payment system in the developing world, M-PESA allows users with a national ID card
or passport to deposit, withdraw, and transfer money easily with a mobile device. It has 12 million people who rely on it using the company's 20 000 distribution sites.
Other mobile payment processors that work with mobile devices, such as Square147, are also making business transactions easier for young entrepreneurs. 143 Small Business Toolkit
Maximizing Mobile, 75.147 https://squareup. com/Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 42 Providing access to market information has long been a goal of many initiatives,
and widespread use of increasingly sophisticated technologies and applications that are available on smart phones, tablets and personal computers.
and dropbox (dropbox. com), to name a few which are readily available through tablets, mobile phones, and personal computers.
web and mobile phone programmers, designers and researchers. The ihub is part open community workspace (co-working), part nexus for investors and venture capitalists,
even creating new connections based on your experience. 168 7. 4. 4 Mobile phones learning on the go There are over 5. 2 billion mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries. 169 The ubiquity of mobiles
Taking advantage of the enormous mobile phone usage there are a multitude of efforts aimed at the full spectrum of knowledge
The Mobiles for Education Alliance, comprised of 18 members (including: British Council, ITU, the Mastercard Foundation, Organization of american states, USAID, World Vision, World wide web Foundation) is illustrative of the interest
and dedication being directed to the potential of mobile phones to vastly expand learning opportunities, especially for those in developing countries. 171 Mobile learning is still in its infancy,
with ongoing research being undertaken to understand what works, the conditions that contribute to successful outcomes,
while others integrate mobiles into a broader educational experience following the blended learning, self-directed learning, and collaborative learning examples discussed earlier.
And while there are many programs that can be accessed via basic or feature phones it is the proliferation of data-enabled phones (smart phones) that offers the greatest opportunities for mobile learning.
In all cases, mobile devices can help young students access information at their own pace, and in some cases minimize the costs
Mobiles for Youth Workforce Development, Mobiles for Education Alliance, 2013,21, www. meducationalliance. org/content/mobiles-youth-workforce-development-landscape-review. 171 Mobiles
and cybercafés to combine the portability of smart phones with the broader functionality of personal computers.
Research on teens in South africa who have smart phones and who frequent public access points found that they value the benefits of the computers for educational uses,
though they also reported a desire for these places to institute services that would leverage their mobiles as well. 172 7. 5 Certification The certification process is a verification of competencies
Global and regional initiatives also exist. 172 Marion Walton and Jonathan Donner, Public Access, Private Mobile, Global Impact Study Research Report Series,(Seattle:
Making Mobile phones and Services Accessible, 2012 International Telecommunication Union (ITU. Measuring the Information Society 2012.
Vision Mobile. September 2013, www. visionmobile. com/blog/2013/09/report-the-eu-app-economy-530000-jobs-and-rising/Partnership for 21st Century Skills."
Mobiles for Youth Workforce Development. Mobiles for Education Alliance, 2013,21. Last modified, Oct 2, 2013. www. meducationalliance. org/content/mobiles-youth-workforce-development-landscapereview.
Rowan, David. Want to become an internet billionaire? Move to Africa. wired. com. uk, November 4, 2011. www. wired. co. uk/news/archive/2011-11/04/get-rich-move-to-africa.
Shirky, Clay. The Political Power of Social media. Foreign affairs 90, no. 1 (2011): 28 41. Sondergaard, Lars,
Vision Mobile. Developer Economics 2012: The New App Economy. 2012. www. visionmobile. com/blog/2012/06/report-developer-economics-2012-the-new-appeconomy/.
Public Access, Private Mobile. Global Impact Study Research Report Series. Seattle: Technology & Social Change Group, University of washington Information School, 2012. www. globalimpactstudy. org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Publicaccess-private-mobile-final. pdf. World bank.
Maximizing Mobile. Washington, D c.:The World bank, 2012. http://go. worldbank. org/0j2ctqtyp0. World bank. New Frontiers and Opportunities in Work.
The term is associated often with the applications that run on mobile phones. Badges A certification system for recognizing skills
Examples are given on the novel use of information platforms, data from sensor networks and community use of mobile phones.
and infrastructures e g. sensor networks where they connect their devices, such as phones and Internet modems,
when more users are added) 1 applies to the value of technical networks like widespread smartphone usage.
In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born out of social innovation) has become an avenue for nine million people to gain access to secured financial exchange services.
Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
and geo-tagging functions on their smartphones help the research project measure global levels of light pollution,
It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
and smartphone-based urban transport planners) and social innovation to support the uptake of new services (shared electric vehicle fleets and development of new logistics services);
It can also include the development of new mobile platforms able to ensure some basic services at European level,
And, in the US, a new free application called iburgh allows residents to snap iphone photos of local problems, like potholes, graffiti and abandoned cars
They range from mobile phone credits and childcare vouchers to health club admissions and sports tickets. 163) Social targets.
The mobile phone combines microprocessors, transmitters, networks of masts, payment models, and so on. The welfare state combines legal rights, service delivery systems, assessment tools,
mobile phone infrastructures may be the precondition for organising new models of low-cost banking. 243) Creating new infrastructure,
such as feedback sites on public services or M-PESA's platform for phone-based banking. 246) Rewiring economies, connecting sectors like the utilities and automotive industries for the development of plug-in hybrid cars,
'S m-PESA mobile banking service in Kenya, using capacity on mobile phones to provide cheap and safe transactions for the unbanked.
M-PESA allows people to transfer money using a mobile phone. The term M-PESA comes from a combination of‘M'for mobile and‘Pesa'meaning money in Swahili.
It is a joint partnership between Safaricom and Vodafone. Kenya was the first country in the world to use this service.
People can send minutes of prepaid airtime to each other by mobile phone using the tool M-Pesa or Me2u
The institutions pioneered new social models such as phone-based health diagnoses, extended schooling, and patient-led health care. 2 This tradition of practical social innovation is now being revived energetically from the Young Foundation's base in east London,
(which combined the telephone, nurses, and diagnostic software); magazines sold by homeless people; the linkage of gay rights to marriage;
a case in point, began as two people with telephones and a tiny contract with the neighboring police station.
as with the telephone); what became Wikipedia was a failure in its first outing. In business, people talk of the chasm that innovations have to cross as they pass from being promising pilot ideas to becoming mainstream products or services.
For example, the Samaritans in Australia have become a provider of welfare services rather than just a telephone counseling service;
Where possible we connected also by telephone or via social media. Given the focus on digital collaboration
They ensure that Ubuntu runs reliably on every platform from the PC and the smartphone to the server and the cloud.
In February 2014, at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, IBM promoted its Watson Mobile Developer Challenge,
and states that the explosive growth in smartphone adoption has created opportunities for 39 developers of every shape or form.
most developers or organisations that invest in mobile are in fact looking for a return on their investment.
It can also include the development of new mobile platforms alternative to Apple or Android) as a kind of regulated monopoly able to ensure some basic services at European level,
Location aware smartphone detects 10 o'clock meeting and calls driverless car to pick you up.
20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www. worldbank. org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 This work is a product of the staff of The World bank with external contributions.
In addition, this indicator set no longer includes the procedures for obtaining a landline telephone connection. For more details on the changes, see the What is changing in Doing Business?
/data/good-practice Doing Business Iphone app Doing Business at a Glance presenting the full report, rankings and highlights for each topic for the iphone,
ipad and ipod touch http://www. doingbusiness. org/specialfeatures/iphone Doing Business 2015 Spain 92
In East Africa the development of M-PESA (a mobile financial payment system born out of social innovation) has become an avenue for nine million people to gain access to secured financial exchange services.
and geo tagging function on their smartphones help the research project measure global levels of light pollution,
boosting the diffusion of open data is the Mobile Internet and the increasing number of mobile devices.
Smartphones tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
and the smart city that coordinates mobile cellular and GPS data to dynamically allocate resources and direct traffic.
and information presentation to users by means of mobile and web-based devices such as smartphones, computers and sensors.
a smartphone controlling the data acquisition and a modular sensor box with several pluggable sensors.
Widenoise is an iphone and Android app that helps people to understand the soundscape around
This enables users to see the measurements in real time by using a Bluetooth and Airprobe app on their smartphone,
In their research and practical work, Everyaware focus on sensing, mobile and location-based technologies, as well as data visualisation.
Mobile and location-based technologies: Cell phones and PCS incorporate sensors of increasing accuracy: GPS sensors, cameras, microphones, accelerometers and thermometers are already a default equipment in most of the mentioned devices.
Networks have accompanied also this process, by expanding the availability of an Internet connection throughout daily life.
Use of mobile phones for this purpose seems a particularly powerful way of getting ordinary people involved,
25,000 phones sold in less than 6 months. 50,000 followers on Facebook. Website: http://www. fairphone. com/Organisation Name Fairphone Short description Fairphone is a start-up company producing the world's first ethically sourced smart phone,
initiated at Waag Society in The netherlands. History and mission Fairphone was founded as a social enterprise in 2010.
The organisation can't be described as an ordinary smartphone manufacturer. It started as a joint project between Waag Society,
cobalt and tantalum mines (materials used in mobile phones) of the Democratic Republic of congo (DRC), many of which are controlled by armed groups,
creating and producing its own smart phone. Through its own phone production Fairphone sought to take the next step in uncovering the story behind the sourcing, production, distribution and recycling of electronics,
and demonstrate how a more transparent supply chain could be developed. 112 What does it do,
Thereby creating an alternative in the smart phone market and raising the bar for the industry.
The project is not about the phone itself, instead Fairphone aims to open up the supply chain behind making the smart phone,
and create full transparency around how the product is made. The phone is a storytelling icon
and the starting point of a conversation about transparency in production processes and supply chains. By connecting the dots for consumers about the social and environmental impacts of the electronic products they purchase
Production of a fairer smartphone: Fairphone aims to prove that it is possible to build a reasonably priced,
sourced from the same countries mobile phone companies would normally source material and assembly from, but by supporting independent miners and manufacturers who guarantee basic standards to their employees.
On November 13 2013 Fairphone announced that it had sold the first batch of 25,000 smartphones, using only social media for marketing.
as this means 25,000 people were willing to buy a phone that has not been produced yet from a company that has produced never a phone before,
The organisation aims to deliver the phones by the end of December 2013. The tin and tantalum in the first edition Fairphone are sourced from conflict-free mines outside of the control of warring parties in countries such as the Democratic Republic of congo,
and partners on the ground to achieve similar assurances about other materials used in the phone
In the DRC for example Fairphone looks to ensure that the raw materials that go into the phone do not fund the warring parties in the country.
Fairphone see the smart phone as a practical starting point for telling the story of how the economy functions,
However, it is important to note that Fairphone do not see the phone as a solution in and of itself,
understanding how phones are made and producing an alternative. Through mobilizing 25.000 potential consumers, Fairphone feels it has demonstrated how collective action can be made to count
Fairphone grew from a community platform to the first open mobile phone manufacturer. It is a great case of the open design movement creating grounds for new relations between product, manufacturers and consumers.
This open approach extends to plans for the phone itself and the software, although there is some way to go on this. 114 How is funded the organisation?
and produce its smart phone, it has received funding from Bethnal Green Ventures to participate in a startup Bootcamp
The phone itself is being sold in a pre-sale model and in batches of 25,000 at a time. 5000 people order
and pay for the phone before the company decides to go into production. This way a healthy relationship with the manufacturer can be built,
In August 2010, Landshare launched a free iphone app. The app featured a‘landspotting'camera tool
and phone apps emerge to enhance how citizens engage with the city. Type of organisation The Open Government Vienna strategy is part of the Smart City strategy of the City of Vienna,
so that people can sign the initiatives online with the online banking codes or their mobile phones.
The simple mobile app enables users to connect to each other seamlessly and share their Internet connection.
when downloaded and installed on a smartphone, laptop, tablet or other compatible device, helps turn the hardware into a router.
The Open Garden app is free for anyone to install on his or her smartphone, tablet or computer,
Open Garden creates an overlay mesh network using Bluetooth and Wi-fi connections across a range of mobile devices, from smartphones to tablets to laptops and desktops.
which requires the network provider to go beyond the traditional mobile data solution. Open Garden therefore wishes to speed up innovation from both the technology perspective and social perspective,
or request items from people in their neighbourhood online, via the Peerby website, their mobile or social media channels.
These are defined as devices that wrap computing peripherals around a cellphone hardware core; meaning that such devices can be produced for just a few tens of dollars.
Typically this sort of processor was used in mobile phones five years ago. Apart from the graphics processor, which is propriety to Broadcom,
while other prototypes can be linked to a mobile phone). These counters are available at different costs,
developing additional features for the smartphone app to interact with the hardware, and finalizing a 3d-printable, resilient enclosure.
with a separate version available for Android smartphones. Type of organisation The Tor Project is a US 501 (c)( 3) nonprofit dedicated to research, development,
The main services provided by Ushahidi are three free software products that enable social activism and public accountability, through crowdsourcing of information from citizen observers by mobile phones or the Internet.
Finally, lack of Internet connection and mobile phone networks that are down (which was the case in parts of Haiti after the earthquake) has also been cited as a barrier to using the platform in rural areas
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