Therefore, adequate flexibility in its dynamic capability constitutes a significant part of the core competence for a firm's innovative sustainability.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Rapport voor Bel en Vlaanderen. 6. Wickham, Philip A. 2006. Strategic Entrepreneurship, Pearson, Fourth Edition. 7. Zimmerer, Thomas W. and Scarborough, Norman M. Essentials of Entrepreneurship and S Business management.
West with Medical Technologies and Software. Other regions have potential to develop niche sectors, such as Creative Industries in the West.
There is also a strong ICT (software) base and a growing creative sector and activities (including digital media).
The region is also developing expertise in telecommunications and software development, and has a good base of medical devices companies.
ICT (hardware and services) and Food (including functional foods), and 38 http://www. forfas. ie/publication/search. jsp?
the regionally based workshop highlighted potential in the areas of Medical Technologies, taking advantage of the increasing convergence with ICT, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Energy and Environmental products and Services, Software
Ennis and Thurles Other Advance Limerick Regeneration Key Actions (Extract) 45 Develop the urban core of Limerick city in a structured and cohesive way,
Dublin City is the core of the region with a population of 505,739 (administrative area of the City council.
ICT hardware and the food and drinks Educational attainment to third level is higher than all other regions.
The programme has seen over 300 students submit business plans which are shortlisted to allow 15 finalists to pitch their business plans to the judging panel.
CSO National Accounts, Database Direct Food and Drink 15%Pharmaceuticals 6%Medical Technologies 7%ICT Hardware 9%ICT Services Financial services 20
Fitzsimons & O'Gorman (2008) Entrepreneurship in Ireland (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Report for Ireland) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 State
Sectoral Opportunities 9the Bio-economy 10agri-Food 10bio-energy 12tourism 13internationally Traded Services (excluding ICT) 15ict Services & Software 16lifesciences 185.
so that companies tend to outsource non-core activities or to offshore them to locations where it makes business sense.
Ireland's economic structure is shifting towards a higher proportion of services exports, balanced with a core of high-value added 3 Forfás (2008) Sharing our Future, IBM (2008) Drivers
and successful regions have a dynamic and vibrant city at their core. The RCAS acknowledge the importance of gateways and their role as drivers of regional economic development
In the context of this sectoral convergence, core skills become transferrable across sectors, for example, biology, chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software;
and more recently, software development provide a strong platform for future growth in emerging convergent sectors. 9`A workshop for key economic stakeholders was held in Kilkenny on 9th june 2009 10 The sectors listed should not be considered an exhaustive listing,
including such activities as finance, insurance, computer-related activities, R&d, advertising, marketing, accounting and consultancy.
Many 16 ICT Software & Services are considered separately below 17 Forfás (2008) Catching the Wave A Services Strategy for Ireland FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
reflecting a core competency within the region that provides a basis for further growth and development.
ICT Services & Software A new environment has emerged for software companies globally in what has been called‘The New Software Economy'19.
This new context sees a number of trends that provide both opportunities and challenges for software companies,
and for small and medium sized companies and start-ups in particular. These trends include: 18 Expert Group on Future Skills Needs (December 2007) The Future Skills and Research Needs of the International Financial services Industry 19 Enterprise Ireland (2009) Best
Connected-Software from Ireland-A strategy for development of the indigenous software industry 2009-2013 FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
more efficient ways of paying for software Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models, such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a service (Paas);
and software on demand The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where different value adding activities are carried out where they can be done most efficiently and cost-effectively The application of software technologies (such as Services Oriented Architecture SOA, Open source,
Web 2. 0 and Mash-ups) are continuing to drive the development of new applications and business models.
it changes the way services are delivered e g. remote learning or healthcare and diagnostics, simulation (training), virtual reality (architecture and design;
Key Assets The dominant activity in the region within the ICT sector is software development.
However, with the exception of the Sun Life Financial software development centre based in Waterford,
The two Institutes of Technology in the region have developed strong education and research programmes in software development.
undergraduate courses are focused on software development, games development and IT systems management. Its applications software and networks research programme (Gamecore) is one of four Centres of Research
and Enterprise (CORE) within the Institute. Gamecore is focused on industry relevant research under a number of themes, such as networks, games engines and development,
Unum and IT Carlow The software development capabilities at IT Carlow were a key attractor in the recent investment by Unum,
a US insurance company who have established a software development centre in Carlow. The company is developing a strong relationship with the Institute
helping to establish a Software Development unit at the Institute, and will also offer internships within its company in Ireland
and the US for students pursuing the BSC (Hons) in Software Development at the Institute.
SOUTHEAST 18 WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software development. Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
Autonomic Management of End-to-end Communications Services. The TSSG's main area of research is communications software services
and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service oriented architecture. With 160 active staff and students, the TSSG is a significant pool of specialist expertise within the Southeast
Cisco systems, Ericsson, IBM, Telefonica and HP). The TSSG's commercial division has created also new companies
The companies typify the kind of activities associated with the‘new software economy'and include: Nubiq mobile website generation and personalisation;
Realising Potential The Institutes of Technology in the region have adopted a focused approach in the area of software development
Multinational companies in the sector are tending to focus on activities where they have strengths and to outsource non-core activities (such as late stage manufacturing,
The region's traditionally strong engineering and manufacturing base and competency in software development has seen also a growth in a variety of sub-supply
Dataworks (Waterford based Irish software company providing manufacturing control systems and Eirgen (Waterford based Irish pharmaceuticals company specialising in formulation development and clinical trials supply services.
and delivering programmes providing for up-skilling relevant personnel as well as ensuring that mainstream undergraduate programmes evolve to meet the needs of the sector. 22 Forfás (2009) Health Life sciences in Ireland-An Enterprise Outlook FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
Enterprise Ireland Enterprise Ireland's core objective is to drive export growth by creating and growing internationally competitive businesses
%Computer Electronic and Optical Products Machinery and 1%Equipment 9%Transport Equipment 1%Other Manufacturing ICT Services 9%3%Business and Other Services
Teva Pharma 165 Waters Technologies Medical Technologies 125 Equifax ICT Services 180 Citi Financial services 250 Unum Software 200 Coca cola Beverages
Chemicals and Chemical Products 22%Rubber and Plastic Products 3%Basic and Fabricated Metal Products 3%Computer, Electronic and Optical Products 9%Machinery and Equipment
such as Keenans and the large dairy and beef processors such as Glanbia and Slaney Meats, who work directly with farmers in improving productivity.
green ICT applications and software; green financial services; green tourism; green agri-food and green transport.
Cross sectoral‘subsectors'include green ICT applications and software; green financial services; green tourism; and green transport.
efficient energy use and management, water and wastewater treatment, waste management, recovery and recycling, green ICT applications and software and environmental consultancy.
Multinational companies in the sector are tending to focus on activities where they have strengths and to outsource non-core activities (such as late stage manufacturing,
The region's traditionally strong engineering and manufacturing base and competency in software development has seen also a growth in a variety of sub-supply
Dataworks (Waterford based Irish software company providing manufacturing control systems and Eirgen (Waterford based Irish pharmaceuticals company specialising in formulation development and clinical trials supply services.
An Enterprise Outlook 34 Regional Planning Guidelines for the South East Region SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN FORFÁS Family Fun:
including such activities as finance, insurance, computer-related activities, R&d, advertising, marketing, accounting and consultancy.
the 35 ICT Software & Services are considered separately below SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN FORFÁS availability of skilled people as against a tighter labour market in Dublin,
reflecting a core competency within the region that provides a basis for further growth and development.
A detailed overview of the trends and opportunities in Business Process Outsourcing and Shared Services type activities is contained in Section 6. ICT Services & Software
What has been termed‘The New Software Economy'36 sees a number of trends that provide both opportunities and challenges for software companies,
more efficient ways of paying for software Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models, such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a service (Paas);
and software on demand The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where different value adding activities are carried out where they can be done most efficiently
and cost-effectively 36 Enterprise Ireland (2009) Best Connected-Software from Ireland-A strategy for development of the indigenous software industry 2009-2013 42 The application of software technologies (such as
Services Oriented Architecture SOA, Open source, Web 2. 0 and Mash-ups) are continuing to drive the development of new applications
and revenue models e g. online subscriptions rather than CD ROM. The pay-as-you-go, subscription pricing of Cloud computing can enable companies (with perhaps vast IT systems built up over years) to cut capital expenditure ON IT
it changes the way services are delivered e g. remote learning or healthcare and diagnostics, simulation (training), virtual reality (architecture and design;
Key Assets The dominant activity in the South East region within the ICT sector is software development.
However, with the exception of the Sun Life Financial software development centre based in Waterford,
The two Institutes of Technology in the region have developed strong education and research programmes in software development.
undergraduate courses are focused on software development, games development and IT systems management. Its applications software and networks research programme (Gamecore) is focused on industry relevant research under a number of themes, such as networks, games engines and development,
and serious games for strategy, sports and health. WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software development.
Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
Autonomic Management of End-to-end Communications Services. The TSSG's main area of research is communications software services
and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service oriented architecture. The TSSG's commercial division has created also new companies
The companies typify the kind of activities associated with the‘new software economy'and include: Nubiq mobile website generation and personalisation;
Realising Potential The Institutes of Technology in the region have adopted a focused approach in the area of software development
publishing and printing, encompasses firms that trade domestically as well as those trading internationally and employs circa 26,000 people37.
The broad sector displays strong growth prospects; driven by changing consumer behaviour/preferences in the sector, the increasing power of mobility & devices,
Employment in‘core'games companies39 amounted to over 2 000 at the end of 2010, representing a fivefold increase on the level estimated in 200440.
Publishing activities (4, 400), Motion picture, video and TV programme (3, 000), Programming & broadcasting (4, 300), Advertising & market research (6, 100), Printing & reproduction
of recorded media (8, 400). 38 Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2011-2015, PWC, 2011.
Data includes consumer spending on console (incl. handheld), PC games, online games and wireless/mobile games and video games advertising.
It excludes spending on hardware used for playing games. 39‘Core'games companies refers to companies directly involved in the production of games 40 Electronic Games Study, Forfás, 2004 (unpublished) and The Games Sector in Ireland:
which could reach 4, 500 (in‘core'games companies by 2014). Key Regional Assets The digital media sector is diverse in terms of its composition and similar to green/clean tech,
Department of education and Skills Table 5. 2 Education Providers in the South East participating in the Springboard 2011 Provider Programmetitle NFQLEVEL ECTS Years Iot Carlow Certificate in Computer systems
from general engineering, core employment, welding, fabrication, hairdressing to information and communications technologies and has centres of excellence for training related to Motor Mechanics, Agricultural Mechanics and Heavy Goods Vehicle
the disproportionate declines in particular occupational groups Crafts/Plant and Machinery Operatives create additional needs given the unfavourable short term labour market outlook for sectors such as construction and traditional manufacturing.
Ireland has a strong track record to date as an offshore location for centralised customer support and shared services activities with companies such as Facebook, IBM, Dell, Google, HP,
HP manufacturing and software development) and/or are using Ireland as a base to address overseas markets 48 Nelsonhall Global BPO Market Forecast:
and exploiting core competences. What is evident now is that firms are outsourcing a broader range of progressively more complex business functions.
The research centres in Telecommunications Software systems Group and Separation Science would be regarded particularly well. While much of WIT's enterprise interactions involve companies from outside the South East region it does have a number of engagements with firms in the region,
WIT has total staff of 906, with a core staff of 766,60 Exchequer funded research staff and 80 other specialist staff.
The Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG) in WIT has been identified as a world class research facility, with the capability to significantly underpin the Priority Area of Future Networks and Communication.
Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG) Based at the WIT, the centre for Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) is a major source of research strength for the region and nationally.
Its research focus is on the dramatic changes occurring in the telecommunications software industry, and on the wider converged communications industry, particularly in managing networks and in developing innovative new services for those networks.
Established in 1997 the centre has a long history of working with industry and the centre is renowned nationally for its phenomenal success in engaging in
Dublin), IBM (Dublin), Telefonica I+D (Spain) and Hewlett packard (US) are involved also. In a recent international peer review the TSSG FAME SRC was considered to be one of the largest and strongest groupings of academic researchers in network management in the world.
and software HPSUS who wish to locate in the South East. Today there are over 18 companies employing 114 people.
Industrial design and product innovation (Designcore), interactive applications software and networks (Gamecore), geo-environmental technologies (Geocore) and software development (the IT has collaborated with Unum in relation to the development of a software
and the US for students pursuing the four year BSC (Hons) in Software Development at IT Carlow.
as it is essential that the core research strengths built up to date through the PRTLI, by SFI and EI in WIT are nurtured
nurses & midwives 1 2 16 0 0 19 Other health associate professionals 1 0 1 0 0 2 Computer analyst
/programmers (I t.)0 0 0 0 0 0 Software engineers (I t.)0 0 1 0 0 1 Other engineers & technologists 0
Computer literacy, language skills, ability to work in a team and leadership skills are all relevant.
HR and recruitment services Irish UNUM Carlow Services centre Foreign State street Kilkenny Fund administration and services centre Foreign Mycroft Waterford Financial services/Software.
Newly established Irish base Foreign Citi Hedge fund Services Waterford Hedge fund administration services Foreign Sunlife Information Services Waterford Software development, business administration
This report the result of two international workshops held under the auspices of the the OECD's Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) as part of the OECD Innovation Strategy makes the case that the social-dimension is no longer peripheral
and synergies to be exploited by better integrating social challenges at the core of innovation activities.
and synergies to be exploited in better integrating social challenges at the core of innovation activities.
Private and public actors have understood clearly that these social needs conveyed to the core of the innovation process add value to their product
to use digital images and video games as well as adapted sports equipment. One can see that Ricard and Muller have gone way beyond traditional entrepreneurship:
This has been one of the core concerns of the Dutch approach: connecting networks, crossing (sector) boundaries, searching for new and surprising combinations.
the Planning Cells/Citizens'Reports described elsewhere in this volume, Future Workshops, Citizens'Panels, and many others.
7 Citizens'Panel This procedure, developed by Helmut Klages at the beginning of the decade, is reiterated a regular
and Outlook This chapter presented and analysed the use of different participative processes in Germany,
Participative processes are a core element in the strategies to shift innovation policies in different OECD countries towards a type of innovation,
what was called a dumb terminal networked through a dialup modem to a mainframe computer located in another building.
Adventure had no graphics, just words on an amber screen. But it was interactive. The author typed commands that traveled over the modem and were carried out by his character go north,
The 114 screen displayed verbal descriptions of the results you've fallen into a pit, you're holding a gold coin.
or networked personal computer (PC)( Kline, 1980). These would enable much more, including graphics, sound effects, and multimedia user-generated content (UGC).
In the mid-1980s the educational pioneers such as Wayne Danielson of the University of Texas wrote software for journalism and communication education.
These pioneers were developing a wide range of creative digital learning tools such computer algorithms for analyzing student writing
Wayne Danielson of the University of Texas applied artificial intelligence (AI) to create an early tool for generating computer-written haikus.
Among the topics they explored were augmented 3d printing reality and an early government big data initiative to build a digital 117 surveillance system today called PRISM.
Appropriately enough, the students introduced the instructor to the particular e-groups software tool they used for online collaboration.
wearable technology such as Google glass and cloud computing can overcome the constraints of place, time and content in education.
Mobile technology, including wearable devices such as Google glass, enables the use of geo-location to foster deeply engaged learning.
Among youth, the level of smartphone and mobile device is even higher (80 percent among the 18-34 segment,
in fact in 1901 described a character marker that would overlay information onto wearable displays (Johnson, 2012).
Software such as Daqri 3d allows the reader of a magazine to point her or his mobile device at an AR enhanced image in the magazine and access the embedded AR content.
Students can use mobile devices to access the interactive 3d graphic and explore the protein structure in ways previously inaccessible.
Students studying history, for instance, might use a variety of mobile devices to conduct community history. They might do recorded oral histories
Other forms can involve wider use of mobile devices. Clickers, for instance, enable students to answer questions posed by the instructor during live class.
Mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets can be used easily as well as clicker apps and other tools for active learning are widely available at low or no cost (Socrative, 2014).
This is a strategy to take advantage of many students'natural inclination toward ubiquitous and often non-stop mobile device use.
Merging 3d printing with AR experiences could transform learning. Students studying archeology might not only see a 3d animated version of New york city's 19th century Seneca Village,
and specialize in activities that computers cannot, at least at this time. Reporters need to focus more on rigorous, enterprise and investigative reporting.
he designed and tested a videogame system to teach laparoscopic surgeons the skills they need to perform this delicate procedure.
while the surgeon watches on a video display, Rosser's game design did not simulate laparoscopic surgery.
Instead, it was simply a fun video game that contained embedded in it physical and mental activities that helped surgeons perfect their laparoscopic techniques.
Based on this early experience, Rosser expanded his videogame protocol to other Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics,
) Surgeons may err less by playing videogames. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from http://www. nbcnews. com/id/4685909/ns/technology and science-games/t/surgeons-may-err-less-playing-video-games/#.
) Nonverbal communication and computer mediated communication to enhance online learning. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from http://sloanconsortium. org/conferences/2011/aln/nonverbal-communication
-and-computer-mediated-communication-enhance-online-lear Helfand, D. J. 2013). The social conquest of general education.
Scientific habits of mind in virtual worlds. Journal of Science and Educational Technology. Retrieved on 18 april 2013 from http://website. education. wisc. edu/steinkuehler/papers/Steinkuehlerduncan2008. pdf Steinkuehler, C.,Martin, C,
computer hardware, computer software, and personnel)( Krishnan and Sriram 2000). Over time, firms that invest more than their competitors in IT tend to realize greater returns from the marketplace (Bharadwaj 2000.
In particular, Cooper (1998) highlights that due to advances in computer technology, the declining cost of systems and improved software and technological sophistication of the workforce, no longer are reserved adaptations for the technologically elite,
managers now consider the use of IT as a competitive tool used for the implementation of strategic plans and the support of firm core competencies (e g.,
, hardware, software, and personnel) relative to other competitors within the same industry. Drawing upon a scale developed
and (4) number of personal computers and terminals per employee. Firm Performance. The firms participating in this study were SMES that were traded not publicly.
*p<.05.212 JOURNAL OF SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT expand their core capabilities in the areas of products, knowledge, and skills.
and to link this power to support the core competencies of the firm successfully can have a competitive advantage.
The Contingency Theory of‘Fit'and IT Implementation in Small and Medium Enterprises, Journal of Computer Information systems 45 (3), 88 95.
United states Government Printing Office. Steiger, J. H, . and J. C. Lind (1980). Statistically Based Tests of the Number of Common factors, paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City (Spring.
The country displays a fairly even performance across all 12 pillars of competitiveness. Notable strengths include its large market size (19th) and high educational standards,
Strong external demand for local commodities, especially from China and other Asian economies, coupled with good macroeconomic management have allowed the countries in the region to put their short-and medium-term growth outlooks on a glide path
Despite this rather optimistic outlook, the region may face the interrelated potential headwinds of a less robust recovery in the United states, a deceleration in the economic growth of China and other Asian emerging economies,
and to exhibit a favorable economic outlook. Indeed, the region has bounced back rapidly from the global economic crisis,
5 crucial breakthroughs Marshall plan in Wallonia 6 core clusters Smart grids Flanders Flanders in action breakthroughs:
41 37 Developing and testing hardware and software for an Internet of Energies Integrating grid operation and electronic marketplace Gaining knowhow on interoperability,
National thematic focus Core activities of the grid program EELLEECCTTRRIICCIITTYY ggrriidd Multi energy carriers Grid technology Dependence of the technical and economical grid operation Congestion
The goal of this study was to analyse system solutions for the German electricity grid until 2020 with outlook to 2025 to integrate a share of 39%renewable energy into the electricity supply system in the German transmission grid
Integration of renewable energies in the German electricity supply system 2015-2020 with outlook for 2025,-Estimation of the enhancement needs iof German distribution grids due to photovoltaic
R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy In Switzerland the primary R&d framework is given by a periodic Four-year Strategy Report compiled by The swiss Federal Energy Research Commission (CORE.
Within the concept the core focus points of the energy research between 2008 and 2011 are defined.
Available-Four-year strategy report (by CORE, Swiss Federal Energy Research Commission: Federal energy research concept 2008-2011 (in French or German;
-Expert group for each programm (related to smart grids) R&d and Innovation policy, Innovation Agenda, Technology Roadmaps Available-Four-year strategy report (by CORE
Furthermore, the document The built environment of The netherlands Energy Innovation Agenda gives An outlook on energy-neutral new construction and sustainable existing buildings.
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces.
They make digital hardware available for people to adapt, hack and shape into tools for social change.
is one example of the potential of open hardware. It was founded in March 2011 as a response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan and frustration over the lack of government transparency about local radiation levels.
Using the Arduino, an open hardware circuit board with a microprocessor Safecast built their own Geiger counters.
These combine novel technology trends such as open data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge;
and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations More Filters Screenshot of the crowdmap www
Beyond the Internet, many new technologies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives.
Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
The development of open data, federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
open hardware) 4. The area of society the organisations and their activities operate and seek an impact in.
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Goteo is managed by the nonprofit Open sources Foundation that supports projects that offer some kind of collective return,
such as the open source DIY shoest kit8, a project developed with the support of Fablab Barcelona,
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to the enabling infrastructures, products, skills and capabilities they need to enhance collaborative making.
Recycle are becoming the keywords of the open hardware and makers movement, which embodies a combination of different design and technology methods,
Open hardware seeks to shift the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation, to the creation of new capacities to build the products that people consume according to a set of shared ethics and principles.
The open hardware movement in particular is about how people share knowledge, skills and tools, and how you build communities around open products.
People working on open source hardware are creating new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate research projects,
such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
These products are open source and free, with a worldwide community of peers contributing to the collective discoveries.
A project like openp2pdesign is opening up design processes and tools to enable collaborative communities to undertake large-scale projects that can lead to innovative results in open business, open government or open data.
Projects like Open source Ecology are promoting a shift towards a more sustainable lifestyle. The makers movement is showing how experiments of collaboration
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
free CAD/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products,
from grassroots movements, think-tanks and universities to big charities and public museums are hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces.
a makerspace in Milan with a focus on open source, design, digital fabrication and micro enterprises. 28 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe MAKERS MOVEMENT Maker Fairs are interesting expressions of this new form of networking events
create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending project has a strong focus on government finance,
and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen movements and governments.
contributing to the W3c Federated Social Web Working group. 32 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source community as well as a global
built on the Arduino open hardware board. The team turned to‘the crowd'via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter,
a nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
open data, free and open software and open hardware. Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising the way code is built,
shared and maintained by a variety of projects around the globe. Important developments to re-decentralise the Internet,
Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos which make it easy to run your own secure cloud
organised by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC) 11, an informal association of hackers from across Europe.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC), Europe's largest network of hackers, is the most prominent example of grassroots communities coming together to develop
the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody. The latest gathering of the CCC in 2012 in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 6, 000 participants.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) HACKERS NETWORKS 34 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing
These kinds of projects are able to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices,
and open hardware. Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of the extent these emerging technologies, 2. 4 TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION such as open data, open networks,
open hardware and open knowledge, are being harnessed by digital social innovation. Below we provide a more detailed description of how these trends can be defined,
for example relied on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit,
social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning and e-petitions. The main technological trends in DSI 0100 200 300 400 Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Safecast OPEN NETWORKS Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart
) 412 269 258 105 OPEN HARDWARE Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 39 The ability to build bottom-up networking capabilities in every corner
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed wireless sensors to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
and then deploy, run, monitor Innovative combinations of network solutions and infrastructures, e g. sensor net works, free interoperable network services, open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband,
TOR also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features and provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow organisations
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
Another important trend, boosting the diffusion of open data is the increasing number of mobile devices.
Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data,
Helsinki and three of its neighbouring cities publish all of their data in formats that make it easy for software developers,
open source and open access Communia PUBLIC DOMAIN The contribution of open knowledge covers the variety of ways in
and more generally the hacking culture of sharing skills and knowledge. 46 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Arduino OPEN HARDWARE OPEN HARDWARE new ways of making
and moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly available
and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardware's source, the design from which it is made,
is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it. Ideally open-source hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure,
unrestricted content and open-source design tools to maximise the ability of individuals to make and use hardware.
Open-source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor
which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
In 2005, Massimo Banzi, an Italian engineer and designer, started the Arduino project to enable students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) to build electronic devices using an open-source hardware board.
Arduino has grown to become popular, selling more than one million units to date, largely because of its creators'decision to make the board's design‘open source,
'along with its quick adoption by the international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs. This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social
innovation initiatives relying on open hardware, such as Safecast and the Smart Citizen Kit. The Smart Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 47 Smart Citizen Kit OPEN HARDWARE Citizen Kit is based an Arduino sensor kit that provides sophisticated sensor
network tools to citizens, enabling the measurement of levels of air pollution, noise pollution or air humidity in the vicinity of a private home, school or office.
The project was developed originally within the Fab Lab Barcelona at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia and crowdfunded via the Goteo and Kickstarter crowdfunding platforms.
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the‘kit'itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
and Amsterdam in The netherlands, have shown an interest in supporting citizens to monitor environmental data and have launched city pilots using the Smart Citizen Kit.
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places,
the best possible decision making based on a real time data and information from open sources and the best possible alignments of my local providers with the global potential of wider communities (Van Kranenburg 2014) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
The largest community (10.29 per cent) is focussed around open hardware and open networks and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam,
Interestingly, although the open hardware network is the smallest overall it is the most highly interconnected
such as those of open data, open knowledge, open hardware and open networks? Even if an organisation is not central
Interdisciplinary European projects that force diverse communities to work together would strengthen the overall resilience of DSI in Europe by combining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks. 56 Growing
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy, collective debate, deliberation and voting.
CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT AND FEEDBACK 6. Net Neutrality and banning software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable.
Software packages that are patented can be expensive, and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
PUBLIC/DIRECT FUNDING President Obama set up an office for social innovation in the White house with a fund for supporting NGOS.
(i e. free and open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers,
In effect, open source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels. Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
(and reviewed in 2009 and 2010) its policy on ICT32 where special attention was paid to open source procurement.
In this respect, a toolkit was used to ensure that there is a level playing field for open source and that some of the myths associated with open source are dispelled.
Participating in open procurement calls should be made easy. Public procurement of innovative solutions Commissioning tools could also be set up to see
if the deployment of the DSI strategy across Europe is meeting the needs of their target beneficiaries (entrepreneurs, business, developers, citizens and other communities).
Open standards should be at the core of the technical infrastructure. Open standards should have an adequate legal and governance backing,
and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48 Public sector information should be made available under an open knowledge license
Today mobile devices with always-on Internet connectivity are becoming widespread. 74 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTEROPERABILITY50 In the area of copyright,
It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Government labs Nesta and Bloomberg Philanthropy in their study71 of government funded innovation teams and labs highlight how four different types of government funded labs can help drive innovation, through better support for, development and utilisation
as is done today by Fablabs with the Fabacademy, by Hacklabs and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training,
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
cohort/panel study, regular interval surveying Level 3 You can demonstrate that your product/service is causing the impact,
ü Explore DSI specific indicators such as Open Data access, digital skills and proliferation of open source projects or creative commons licenses.
European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,
Interoperable, customised and modular services and applications based on open source, open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures. At regulatory level The Digital agenda emphasises the need to adopt open standards
they should become public policy guidelines at the core of the technical infrastructure. Technical solutions do not work by themselves,
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/publicprocurement/modernising rules/reform proposals/index en. htm 34 http://www. nycedc. com/service programs-entrepreneurs 35 http://www
-sector-to-support-socialentrepreneurship/38 http://www. oecd. org/sti/outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles/competencestoinnovate/taxincentivesforrdandinnovation htm) 39 http://
-Jahreskongresses-29c3-des-Chaos-Computer-Clubs-CCC. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 34 http://www. e-living. net/sites/default/files
https://www. flickr. com/photos/lliurealbir/5154011320/Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 41 Earth From Space At Night Wallpaper Hd Desktop 10 online Audphoto
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011