analysis uj L Ultimate average life span aj L Accumulated average life span s n Number of segments in the SIC os n Segment
In Allam Ahmed (ed.),World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009: The Impact of the Global Financial crisis on the Environment, Energy and Sustainable Development, Part VII, Chapter 30,287 294.
and deal with a single perspective of firm performance, such as bankruptcy or failure, using a few core input parameters (Altman 1968, Altman et al. 1977, Cadden 1991, Jain and Nag 1997).
the rapid decrease in computer prices, and the increased availability of the personal computer. I noticed clearly the impact of these new IT tools on the managerial and operational aspects of the activities of my trading entity.
The main problem I had to tackle was the high costs coupled to the communicative and managerial parts of company activities.
computers, computer networks, Intranet structures, Internet technologies, and similar tools. By outward-focused technology intake, I refer to expenditures on developing new products, new methods of production, new markets, new raw material,
and it encourages diversity of approach to core issues. In order to develop the intended model, I needed to build on knowledge accumulated through the years.
This section screens the existing literature on SME performance and tried to categorize the literature in a systematic way.
Lakhani and von Hippel (2003) listed different types of incentives that drive the firm to use open source management.
People constitute any organization's core resource for competitiveness (Rastogi 2000. On the other hand, if an increase in labor-productivity is related only to an increase in working hours and not to a net production output,
have a core overriding objective that is, to survive (Gouldner 1954,1959). According to this school, the internal conflicts appear
An organization's adaptability to its environment is the core concept in this theory (ibid. The combination of rationality and openness in organizational systems is made clear in James D. Thompson's (1967) work.
The core concept in this approach is to look at the organization as a production system trying to maximize its output (Scott, 2003.
Selecting the core parameters of the intended model: The literature-driven phase SELECTION OF NONFINANCIAL VARIABLES Qualitative variables provide a useful addition to financial ratios.
Selecting core parameters of the intended model: The theory-driven approach Existing performance models treat firms as closed systems in isolation from their external environments.
The way I approached the usage of the two core parameters was to relate them to the external environment of the firm through two concepts:
The IBM analysis was performed on Arab countries where the level of differentiation between the intensity of innovation capital components is exaggerated.
Contribution of paper 1 to the purpose of the thesis The paper displays a topological analysis of SME performance models.
Managing Innovation in e-Globalized Economy Defining the Open Capital This paper was published in Allam Ahmed (ed.),World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009, The Impact of the Global Financial crisis on the Environment, Energy
Open source biopharmaceutical innovation a mode of entry for firms in emerging markets. Journal of Business Chemistry 6 (1), 11 30.
) Global entrepreneurship monitor: National entrepreneurship assessment United states of america. Kansas city, Missouri: Kauffman Centre for Entrepreneurial Leadership, 4. 112 Gentry, J. A.,Newbold, P. and Whitford, D. T. 1985.
How open source software works: Free user-touser assistance. Research Policy 32 (6), 923 943. Laven, F. 2008.
OUTLOOK, Doi: 10.1038/nrd2131, Advanced Online Publication published 18th august, pp. 1 7. Neale, W c. 1984.
We have analysed carefully the seven core projects which have identified 93 Good Practices (GP) and worked on their transferability.
These are presented in figure 3. 7 OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012, Highlights 8 Innovation Union Scoreboard 2011, Research and Innovation Union Scoreboard, EU
or core competencies and resources in order to better respond to business opportunities, and whose cooperation is supported by computer networks.
Eligible costs include stand space, the catalogue entry, printing and translation costs for information and marketing material and travel costs.
) Mercia Fund Mgmt (public-private VC) Fondo Toscana (public VC) Expert Panel (public grants) Lw Sil Trust fund (public VC) R&d
The ERIK Action project was the 3rd consecutive project from the same core partnership, following ERIK and ERIK+(complemented by ERIK Network under Innovating Regions in Europe programme).
or ended previous cooperative initiatives promoted by the same core partnership under INTERREG IVC. In other words, it refined the selection of GPS from previous projects.
or core competencies and resources in order to better respond to business opportunities, and whose cooperation is supported by computer networks.
Eligible costs include stand space, the catalogue entry, printing and translation costs for information and marketing material and travel costs.
Expert panel report. 2009. Link. Innovation to strengthen growth and address global and social challenges.
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012. Link. PERIA Good Practice Report. Link Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) as Mission-oriented Innovation Policy, Charles Edquist.
Head of the Country Studies and Outlook Division, provided overall guidance and support for the project
130 Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem...131 Lessons learned and conclusions for policy...
Lower Austria's Innovation Assessment Methodology) as well as sophisticated policy monitoring tools to assess impacts at both programme and regional level (e g. the annual Brainport Monitor.
The core elements of the smart specialisation concept for policy include: Self-discovery or entrepreneurial discovery process.
OECD (2012) The contribution of key enabling technologies (KET) to smart specialisation Modern core technologies, referred to as key technologies (KET) such as nanotechnology, micro and nanoelectronics, advanced materials, photonics,
and by organising regional panels, the national government gets engaged in intensive consultation with regional stakeholders,
Growers participate in regional Annual General Meetings and elect panel representatives. The prioritisation process is made up by three regional panels collecting grower priorities
and synthesising these at the National Panel. The regional panels are composed of grain growers, agribusiness practitioners, scientists and the GRDC's Executive Managers,
with a possibility for other industry experts to participate as appropriate. The National Panel is composed of the chairs of the three regional panels, the Managing director and the GRDC's Executive Managers.
Source: OECD-TIP case-studies on smart specialisation These new challenges may help to explain why smart specialisation strategies are still in an early phase in most countries both from a policy development and deployment perspective.
Market conditions Beside the governance challenges resulting from policy processes and capacities, changing market conditions require new,
High Value-added service industry (Global healthcare, Global education services, Green financing, Contents and software and Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events and tourism industry) Brainport Eindhoven Region
Some national governments, such as Finland and Australia, organise regional panels to detect direct needs and to identify emerging opportunities at regional level.
the main instrument is the Brainport monitor, an annual report that analyses the region on about 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant topics like global location trends, raw materials, talent etc.;
and explains that the parks are seen increasingly as instruments to accelerate economic development and international competitiveness. 11 With open innovation in the core of Brainport's development strategy-along with new forms of participation,
Evaluation systems are being developed in Poland and The netherlands to monitor Top Sector policies. 17 The way through
‘OECD Regional Outlook: Building Resilient Regions for Stronger Economies'.'Paris, OECD Publishing OECD (2011),‘Regions and Innovation Policy, OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation'.
and Industry Outlook 2012, OECD publishing http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/sti outlook-2012-en OECD (2012g),
Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains The GRDC Board oversees corporate governance, sets strategic direction and monitors the ongoing performance of the GRDC.
Growers participate in regional Annual General Meetings and elect panel representatives. The panel prioritisation process occurs by regional panels collecting grower priorities
and synthesising these at a National Panel. The GRDC's three regional panels cover the northern, southern and western grain growing regions of Australia.
They are made up of grain growers, agribusiness practitioners, scientists and the GRDC's Executive Managers,
with provision for other industry experts to participate as appropriate. The National Panel is composed of the chairs of the three regional panels
the Managing director and the GRDC's Executive Managers. Five year strategic research and development plans are developed by the GRDC in consultation with growers in order to capture the medium and long term priorities for the industry in a series of key themes.
iv) monitors international developments in grains R&d and applies them locally when possible; vi) conducts periodic situational analyses of its stakeholder industries;
The GRDC priority setting process utilises a structure of regional panels and grower consultations to establish the key issues for its 24 000 end-users (grain farmers).
Three cluster organisations that had worked previously not together (DSPVALLEY on embedded systems, Pharma. be the business network in the health industry
With Leuven and Aachen, Eindhoven constitutes the core of the European Top Technology Region ELAT.
embedded systems for automotive to advanced medical systems and design, with micro-and nano-electronics and mechatronics being key technologies.
Monitoring is done on an annual basis in the Brainport monitor covering 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant topics like global location trends, raw materials, talent etc.
The experience of DSP Valley (a Flemish-Dutch technology network organization focusing on design of hardware and embedded software technology) shows that collaboration is possible
THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION 78 OECD 2013 NOTES 31 With open innovation in the core of Brainport's development strategy-along with new forms of participation-,the Eindhoven triple helix
research institutes with core R&d capacities and expensive common equipment were crucial in order to reach minimum critical mass in the region.
Local industrial structure analysis shows Gwangju lacks future core industries. Therefore, in order to prepare for the future,
Electronics and Embedded Software etc. Lessons learned and conclusions for policy The lessons learned can be grouped as follows:
and made this a core priority, committing hundreds of millions of support to encourage development
strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Strategic priorities identified by the SEMIP to support the specialisation
strategic plans and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem As mentioned in the chapters above, Lower Austria follows the Continuous Improvement Process of the Regional Innovation System Lower Austria NÖ,
and prioritisation in the region The regional economy of Upper Austria is characterized by its very strong industrial core.
and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Upper Austria uses a continuous process to identify new potential growth areas to be supported.
Höglinger (2010 b), Innovation and knowledge sourcing of modern sectors in old industrial regions-A comparison of software firms in Moravia Silesia and Upper Austria, Paper to be presented at the 8th
and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem In current process of policy and strategy planning the importance of S3 approach is recognised
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system should be much stronger in the future.
The connection between sector ministries, societal stakeholders and the core RDI system is insufficient. Also, the participation and activity of other stakeholders and societal partners (entrepreneurs, civil society organisations) in advisory bodies is low
and strategic lead-market themes for the development of its innovation ecosystem and industrial outlook in the future.
Tekes Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem Three thematic top expertise areas were selected by the bodies in Päijät-Häme region as regional platform of practices
The innovative core of the nascent cluster structures is underpinned with a growth-and competition-oriented basis by innovation policy instruments.
Companies in the biotechnology, medical engineering and pharmaceutical industries form the innovative core of the healthcare industry'cluster
The expansion of the cluster is to create new jobs by way of the continuous further development of the innovative core,
and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem The capital region's higher education and science landscape is multifaceted and unique.
and are hence able to focus on their respective core competences. The competence and reach of a cluster is expanded systematically in parallel to its growth process.
The activities of the cluster management have to focus on the smaller innovative cores, where the close cooperation of academic institutions and enterprises gives the opportunity for sustainable growth.
touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information. These key technologies were incorporated in the updated regional development strategy-the Development Strategy of the Malopolska Region 2011-2020.
ii) Malopolska Economic Observatory which monitors the state of Malopolska economy; iii) Malopolska Social policy Observatory which monitors and collects the data from the area of social policy;
and iv) Labour market and Education Observatory of Malopolska which focuses on gathering information and improving knowledge of the regional labour market and education.
Marshal Office of the Malopolska Region, MSHE Ambitions, strategic plans and tools and catalysts in the innovation ecosystem The Malopolska Region is currently at the process of updating RIS 2013-2020.
Now, the Multiklaster groups television and film studios, producers and suppliers of mobile solutions, software for companies, advanced internet applications as well as interactive marketing agencies.
Cisco, Google, Motorola (R&d centre), IBM (R&d centre), HP, Delphi (R&d centre. Stakeholder and policy dialogues to achieve the ambitions One of the main goals of the regional authorities of the Malopolska Region is to engage citizens, especially scientists,
as a proxy indicator for technological innovation Patents cover virtually every field of technology useful for the analysis of the diffusion of key technologies (excepted software,
touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information. Life science, biotech, biomedicine, pharma, health ICT Environmental technologies, energy Nanotechnology, materials South korea Seventeen New Growth Engines industries:
Value-added service industry Global healthcare Global education services Green financing Contents and software Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Events and tourism industry Life science, biotech, biomedicine
the main instrument is the Brainport monitor, an annual report that analyses the region on about 40 statistical indicators on people, technology, business and basics.
The monitor also includes an analysis of about 30 reports with qualitative and quantitative analyses on Brainport relevant topics like global location trends, raw materials, talent etc.;
The core of this design process lies in the definition of priorities for knowledge-based economic development, identified on the basis of a region's unique strengths and potentials.
Every cluster has an innovation core: the R&d field is included in the core of the cluster.
Extract from Dutch questionnaire: The Top Sectors Approach is an integral approach that spans through both R&i and economic domains. 48 Extract from the Basque country questionnaire:
Although entrepreneurs/SMMES may act as catalysts of activity for an entire economy (Chichoni, 2011), many of them fail.
18 6) Policy and research outlook...23 Bibliography...24 Glossary...25 Contents Innovation in urban mobilit y-polic y making
Improved onboard e-services with screens providing information on real departure times and disruptions with alternative routes,
EBSF can become the core of the transport network for seamless mobility of urban citizens.
Research projects have focused on establishing common standards to ensure that information platforms are openly accessible through various types of mobile devices.
In addition, a software tool was developed to assess the accessibility level of buses, stations and hubs,
Based on open ICT software systems, prototypes and applications have been developed for activities such as truck access control, dynamic tunnel access control,
These tools are based on open ICT software onboard equipment, heterogeneous wireless communication infrastructure and CALM (platform for vehicleto-vehicle and road-to-vehicle communication) implementation in on-board and on-cargo units.
Policy and research outlook The EU acknowledges its role in supporting urban transport authorities to meet the manifold challenges posed by the increasing demand for passenger and freight transport.
cloning and genetic screening Computers that do not really help to raise the quality of education DDT,
a successful combination of hardware, software and orgware, viewed from a societal and/or economic point of view.
Hardware relates to the material equipment (mostly) involved and software concerns the knowledge in terms of manuals, software, digital content,
tacit knowledge involved in the innovation. Orgware refers to the organisational and institutional conditions that influence the development of an invention into an innovation and the actual functioning of an innovation. 2. 3. Not individually but together:
what at first sight are purely hardware innovations, such as the conveyor belt. Without the extremely radical social, financial and economic innovations that were part
as well as their consequences for research and management of innovation processes. 3. Sliding panels 3. 1. Introduction Innovation processes are complex societal phenomena that are linked strongly to the factors of time and context.
The emergence of knowledge-intensive services (engineering firms, software houses, knowledge-intensive consultants) plays an important role in this respect.
'Despite this growing core of shared insights, there is also a gap that can be distinguished between two major approaches in innovation studies.
The core of this approach is the actual conceptualisation of innovation as a process in which the generation of variations and making choices alternate.
Computer stelt economisch weinig voor (Computers say very little), Volkskrant, 1999 (4 october). 54 J. Lambooy, Economisch paradijs bestaat niet (An economic paradise doesn't exist), Volkskrant, 1999 (27-09-99). 882 R. Smits/Technological Forecasting & Social
The growth of strategic alliances in new core technologies during the 1980s illustrates this situation (Hagedoorn, 1995.
This policy has been influenced by similar successful alliances in the Japanese computer industry. The success of co-operation among small traditional firms in Italy has inspired regional initiatives (Rosenfeld, 1996.
This may explains why firms usually prefer to concentrate their resources toward core activities. To obtain complementary assets,
analysis from a panel of French SMES 4. 1. Research methodology The firms of our sample received public funds to partly finance their innovative activities.
food-processing industry, software industry, building industry and agriculture. The projects which did not fit into this classification belong to the‘other'category.
trends, networks and corporate patterns in non-core technologies. Research Policy 24,207 231. Jacquemin, A.,1987.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Report on High-Expectationentrepreneurship, London Business school/Mazars/Babson. 3 Bhide A. 2000.
BASF Market research Sony Supplier evaluation General motors Community advisory panels: chemical industry Product stewardship guidance: SCJ External advisory board:
but may also be anticipated in other health-related fields as well as nanotechnology, communications and electronics, entertainment, and software.
One example is the open architecture of computer operating systems in the software industry. Businesses within the pharmaceutical industry are looking to different models for addressing human needs in developed as well as developing countries.
when I left to Yogyakarta or set behind my computer. Finally I acknowledge all respondents. 1. Introduction This study aims to understand how firms innovate by absorbing knowledge from local innovation systems and global value chains.
The types of innovation are also comparable to innovations in the furniture, software and bamboo industry in Indonesia (Brata 2009, Greenhuizen and Indarti 2005, Indarti 2010.
In the past both global buyers and open sources were located primarily in Europe and the USA. As European designs are about year IHS Working Paper 27.2013.
Displays and designs and exhibitions improved a lot. In the past, the things I liked were made always by westerners.
(computer training, etc) 12 12 IHS Working Paper 27.2013. Innovation in SMES. The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 24 7. Global Value Chains This section analyses whether the embedding of firms in value chains,
Supporting specialized hubs in the bangalore software industry. Chen, J.,Y. Chen, and W. Vanhaverbeke. 2011.
Evidence from furniture and software-small-and medium-sized enterprises in indonesia. University Library Groningen.
and ensures that transport can continue to deliver its core role for a thriving European economy in a user-oriented, safe and environmentally-friendly way.
and businesses is at the core of the European transport policy. Today, transport policy is at a crossroads.
and communication technologies>improve interoperability of computer applications used by different stakeholders>develop a standard framework for freight information exchange covering all transport modes
Running on a PC, the model can be used to simulate different road, track, driver and tyre combinations,
/end 01/03/2005 29/02/2008 Website http://intro. fehrl. org MISS Monitor Integrated Safety Systems.
Its innovative platform comprises a Unified Operative Centre equipped with fixed and mobile devices, and linked via a TETRA terrestrial trunked radio network with‘black box'sensing
and transmits real-time data to a central server, where it can be analysed by sophisticated prediction and decision-making models.
'in conjunction with smaller amounts of roadside hardware, would allow coverage to be extended at much lower cost in terms of installation and maintenance.
variable message panels and traffic light status displayed in their vehicles. New V2v interfaces would also enable them to exchange requests and recommendations,
and watching a DVD or working on office matters until it is time for them to leave at a predetermined exit may be a long-term prospect.
And third, there is a significant gap between the core countries of the European union and Central and Eastern europe and Southern Europe, both in the terms of research & development capacities and in innovation performance.
80 60 40 200 Pharmaceutical industry Electronics (radio, TV and telecommunication equipment Motor vehicles Machinery product and equipment Computer services Other business service 2000 2001 2002
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012 identification of the problem and strategic alternatives 2 2. 1. SWOT-analysis Based on a detailed analysis, the strengths, weaknesses
and providing benefits (network modernization, network connection, fit software houses to task and size). 2) The development and use of innovative ICT applications and knowledge in the fields of RDI and corporate management,
and advancement of their co-operation. 3) The development of content service. 4) The promotion of digital literacy supporting innovation and creativity and the increase in private computer and mobile penetration. 39 vision
panel data evidence for the OECD countries. OECD Economic Studies No. 33,2001/II. http://www. oecd. org/economy/productivityandlongtermgrowth/18450995. pdf Baumol, William (2005:
Empirical Evidence from Firm-level Panel Data. Institute of technology and Regional Policy-Joanneum Research. http://www. tip. ac. at/publications/schibany0304 rd%20financing. pdf Sveikauskas, Leo (2007:
Outlook and Strategic Plan to 2015 Forfás July 2013 Annual Report 2012 Forfás July 2013 National Skills Bulletin 2013 EGFSN July 2013
Trends in Education and Training Outputs 2013 EGFSN July 2013 Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact 2011 Forfás July 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor July 2013 Annual Employment Survey Forfás July 2013 Ireland's Competitiveness Performance 2013 Forfás May 2013 Making
January 2013 A Review and Audit of Licenses Across Key Sectors of The irish Economy Forfás December 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
, software. The lion's share of productivity growth for almost all nations, especially larger ones,
in other words, the use of more and better machinery, equipment, and software. Indeed, new growth economics accounting suggests that the lion's share of productivity stems from the use of more and better tools. 30 PAGE 10 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014 And in today's knowledge-based economy,
although that itself drives growth. 31 They include hardware, software applications, and telecommunications networks, and increasingly tools that incorporate all three components in them,
such as computer-aided manufacturing systems and self-service kiosks. These tools and can be used in the internal operations of organizations (business, government and nonprofit;
Wilson finds that of all types of capital, only computers, communications equipment, and software are associated positively with multi-factor productivity. 44 Hitt
and Tambe find that the spillovers from IT nearly double the impact of IT investments. 45 Rincon, Vecchi,
improved self-serve kiosks, 3d printing, location awareness, and machine learning. THE IMPACT OF ICT ON EUROPEAN PRODUCTIVITY A principal reason the EU has had lower productivity growth than the United states
the benefits of Internet and computer use for productivity are established also well. A large number of studies in the late 1990s and early 2000s confirmed at a micro level that ICT has a positive effect on firm productivity in both the United states and Europe. 57 Varian et al.
Brynjolfsson and Mcafee's Second Machine Age both argue that technological progress is becoming problematic for exactly the other reason
which requires search engines to delete certain links based on individual requests, is likely to raise compliance costs significantly.
and while it caught up to the United states in total outsourcing spending after the Great Recession, U s. firms remain far ahead of European firms in terms of outsourcing and offshoring core business functions. 115 Again,
a recent cross-country study found that for Apple's ipad, on average 14 percent of the purchase price went to taxes,
the increased provision of software through cloud-based services may change that somewhat, but scale benefits are not likely to disappear,
Firms do not simply plug in computers or telecommunications equipment and achieve service quality or efficiency gains.
and a firm's outsourcing potential depends largely on the ability of a firm to reorganize itself around its core competencies. 141 These organizational effects of ICT end up facilitating more significant productivity gains than firms would achieve simply by optimizing individual processes.
With the great success of some of the world ICT leaders, such as Apple, Google, Intel,
cameras, multi-function printers, set-top boxes, and liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors. 159 The intent was to boost the production of these high-value products in Europe,
but the impact would have also been to limit ICT adoption. Fortunately, a World trade organization panel ruled in 2010 that the European union's imposition of duties on these products violated the ITA
Any government policy that makes computers more expensive will discourage use and reduce the possible benefits of IT.
when servers are located not domestically (although the Norwegian decision was rescinded). 183 There has been talk as well by European leaders of building a European network for communication so that data never physically crosses the Atlantic. 184 By definition,
Another example is the right to be forgotten rule implemented by the European union. 186 The rule allows citizens to request that any information about them held by search engines be removed. 187 Such a rule might sound good in theory,
A Comparative Industry Perspective, International Productivity Monitor 21 (2011): 3 23.2. The Conference Board, Total Economy Database. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Mary O'Mahony and Bart van Ark, eds.
'International Productivity Monitor 25 (2013): 37 40.43. S. Gilchrist, V. Gurbaxani, and R. Town, Productivity and the PC Revolution (working paper, Center for Research on Information technology and Organizations, 2001);
Robert K. Plice and Kenneth L. Kraemer, Measuring Payoffs from Information-technology Investments: New Evidence from Sector-Level Data on Developed and Developing Countries (working paper, Center for Research on Information technology and Organizations, 2001;
and Pekka Ylä-Anttila, Finland's Path to Global Productivity Frontiers through Creative Destruction, International Productivity Monitor 20, no. 10 (2010): 68 84.57.
and Kirsten Jäger, European Productivity Growth Since 2000 and Future Prospects, International Productivity Monitor 25 (2013): 65 83.139.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011