There are also search engines that help to find courses, for example the Course Locator (there is a charge) http://www. thecourselocator. co. uk/.Innovation Support Agencies and Programmes Department for Trade and Industry:
Innovations in the working place page 9 of 271 Also the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) monitors and benchmarks Member country technology and innovation policies and assesses their impact
Actually in some sectors such as the computer sector, technological devaluation of the products occurs within a few months.
Three bond issues since 1997 funded the installation or modernisation of their Wide area network, structured cabling, data network, video network and computers.
The district was seeking a health check of their technology systems for hardware, software and network infrastructure as well as IT policies, procedures and organisational structure.
Effects on core activities, distraction? Reliability of data, plan predictability? Moral, commitment, leadership? Accreditations, etc?
Finally, the symbolic flowchart is verified for accuracy and dated. 2. The facilitator displays a set of standard process analysis questions.
Software tools to hold a brainstorming session. Conceptdraw MINDMAP, Conceptual Map software. Brainstorming forms The forms of brainstorming are:
classical brainstorming and advanced brainstorming Classical Brainstorming is the brainstorming until now discussed. Advanced brainstorming is a better brainstorming session
Brainstorming software tools: brainstorming toolbox, software to generate conceptual maps; Creative thinking techniques: random word technique, random picture technique, False Rules technique, scamper method, analogies, role play, Alexander technique more info.
Conclusions Brainstorming is not the only method to generate ideas. However, brainstorming is the first and simplest of these methods.
The core idea is to forget everything we have learnt and retained when thinking about a possible solution. o We will have to break up an existing product,
Why not apply an installation within the loudspeaker system of the computer of the person for whom you would leave the message and
when switching on the computer? By the way, why does need she/he a switch to switch the computer on (mechanically?
Couldn't it be an optical, acoustical, chemical or biological starter? Oh yes, a biological starter!
My fingerprint to start the computer! So many passwords always changing which is often the problem no problem anymore with login or stolen passwords with my unique and never changing fingerprint,
For example the chat room software"msn messenger"(free from Microsoft) can be very powerful in allowing people in remote sites to have online conversations.
Microsoft Net meeting-another free software application-is a simpler alternative. Video: One of the best ways to transfer knowledge is through the use of stories.
For example, computer-services company EDS has instituted a fellows program to recognize innovative individuals who can serve as mentors for aspiring innovators in the company.
and use an Advantage/Disadvantage Table in order to compare the two current flat panel television technologies.
Criteria Plasma LCD Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage Contrast v v Viewing Angle v v Thickness v v Screen Refresh Rates v
5 v 5 Screen Refresh Rates 0. 1 v 10 v 10 Burn-in 0. 1 v 10 v 10 Longevity 0
though, the Plasma screen actually obtained a better score. When using weighting, the total sum of the weights applied has to amount to 1. This ensures that the distribution of the weights is applied correctly and consistently.
in order to describe the physical and electrical condition of a radio. http://www. mit. edu/jcb/xmas-light-rating. html-this page shows how to assess Christmas light displays using a point rating system. http://www. sethkahan
Product Engineering where product plans are transformed into blueprints or CAD-drawings then into prototypes and ultimately into real parts and components.
EMP packages hardware and software into one product which monitors all energy inputs and costs, providing instant access to information on energy usage, power quality, billing
and the core process development team should not just represent one functional group otherwise process buy in will be affected adversely.
rapid prototyping (RP) refers to a class of technologies that can automatically construct physical models from Computer-aided design (CAD) data.
These"three dimensional printers"allow designers to quickly create tangible prototypes of their designs, rather than just two-dimensional pictures.
the techniques are referred often collectively to as solid free-form fabrication, computer automated manufacturing, or layered manufacturing.
A software package"slices"the CAD model into a number of thin (0. 1 mm) layers,
1. Create a CAD model of the design 2. Convert the CAD model to STL format 3. Slice the STL file into thin cross-sectional layers 4. Construct the model one
layer atop another 5. Clean and finish the model CAD Model Creation: First, the object to be built is modeled using a Computer-aided design (CAD) software package.
Solid modelers, such as Pro/ENGINEER, tend to represent 3-D objects more accurately than wire-frame modelers such as Autocad,
The designer can use a preexisting CAD file or may wish to create one expressly for prototyping purposes.
The various CAD packages use a number of different algorithms to represent solid objects. To establish consistency, the STL (stereolithography,
therefore, is to convert the CAD file into STL format. This format represents a three-dimensional surface as an"Innosupport:
The preprocessing software slices the STL model into a number of layers from 0. 01 mm to 0. 7 mm thick,
Each PR machine manufacturer supplies their own proprietary preprocessing software. Layer by Layer Construction: The fourth step is the actual construction of the part.
Baxi sent its CAD files to the AMSYS Sunderland sintering facility by e-mail. Once these had been received, it took only a few days to produce the prototypes (as opposed to three weeks using a traditional model maker.
Instead designs will be downloaded from CAD and sent direct to the bureau, saving time and money in the process."
Monitor the potential threat levels posed by competitive products to understand competitive strengths and weaknesses.
Monitor product quality from different factories, through different channels of distribution, and from year to year.
For example, computer software can be tested furniture can be tested, store environments can be tested, dog food can be tested,
every year we receive a report from the SAMAR company that monitors the automotive market in Poland.
The units are measured carefully and CAD drawings produced. The aim is to achieve as close a shape to the original as possible.
and CAD drawings made. Prototypes of the new design are made and these are tested thoroughly, both for their physical dimensions but also their acoustic properties.
It should be stated that most production strategies are supported by sophisticated software programmes such as MRP, MRPII, ERP, etc.
The current system for inventory and scheduling tyre-building machines used a basic Excel spreadsheet that was in use for some time
The spreadsheet was handfed data from manual tyre counts. The new system will automate data collection to allow better management of machines, shifts,
Solution The engine manufacturer with the help of external consultants designed a solution with a multi-tiered software architecture that abstracts the functionality according to the business requirements.
These include computer software; any drawing, map, chart or plan; photographs and films; architectural works;
and microprocessors (patents held by Intel, for example). All patent owners are obliged, in return for patent protection,
or software products owned by others in any of its publications, brochures, databases or websites? Does your company own the rights to any computer software?
If you answered yes to any of the above, then you may wish to find out more about copyright issues.
Discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods, Artistic creations, Schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business and programs for computers, Presentations of information,
For example literary works include software, and artistic works include any drawing, map, chart or plan. The only absolute requirement is that the work is new,
Its activities are focused on the software and the Internet business. It develops, implements and distributes software management systems in the field of accounting, logistics, process tracking, communication, human resources and CRM.
Enterprise S. also offers web solutions including application provider web hosting, web and application development services.
software and web pages produced by the company. Finally the registration of his products'trademarks remains on his list of things to do next.
They rely on a few patents to cover their core technology and do not concentrate on protecting possible modifications or improvements of that core technology.
This is an inherently risky strategy, however, particularly if the core patents are found wholly or partially invalid,
and there are no additional patents to cover improvements or modifications of the original technology. Another risk,
A typical example is the use of a commercial software product. Exclusive License A license is said to be exclusive
For example if a software vendor fails to deliver sufficient quantities of its products to a distributor,
accomplished through design, development, installation and servicing of software and systems for industrial processes as well as automation and IT integration in organisational processes (ISO9001 certified).
and monitoring of industrial processes, internet/intranet software and technology and systems engineering. The competitive environment of the applied research in ICT sectors is highly dynamic and subject to a rapid technological evolution.
the firm does not exclude the use of this intellectual property tool for future activities in particular in relation to software programmes.
Therefore, when software intensive solutions are involved Eidon relies on copyright protection. Eidon's original software is protected by copyright.
Access rights to software, based normally on an exclusive license model, do not usually include access to the source code,
which may be granted only in exceptional cases and can be made subject to separate agreements. Eidon's standard R&d contract is an interesting mix of different IP tools,
Eidon has adopted a compromise solution to safeguard the core interests of both sides which is based on the following three elements:
e g. a software product or Internet service would best be advertised on the Internet on related websites, through email campaigns or dedicated computer literature or publications.
television, the cinema, video, radio, photography, advertising, newspapers and magazines, recorded music, computer games and the internet.
or plug-ins) Quality of the video camera Services provided by a program outside the browser Quality of the connection The processor speed of the computer Complex and expensive use"Innosupport:
emotional subjects or subtle knowledge that requires rich interaction with the computer or other learners;
The first of its kind in Italy, it has thirty-five multimedia computers, two telematic workstations and a room for videoconferences. 100 electronic programmes, CD-ROMS, encyclopedias and web sites,
Each teacher monitors the student's ongoing activity in the simulation and offers a particular type of intervention.
Related topics are based web learning, computer-based learning and elearning. 9. 2. 7. Resources Bibliography Allen, M.,Michael Allen's Guide to E-learning, John
How IBM, GE, Harvard Business school and Columbia University are Succeeding at E-learning. Mcgraw-hill, 2002. Schunk, D. H.,Zimmerman B. J.,Self-regulated learning from teaching to self-reflective practice, Guilford Press, 1998 Thorne, K.,Blended learning how to integrate online
More than one piece of information may be displayed on the screen at any one time using static media (text
or topic areas should be removed from the display (and from auditory channels) once a user begins to study a presentation about a new subject
Dell. com Computer manufacturers Dell sells over two million dollars worth of equipment every day. Its success is due to using a built to order model.
This allows customers to purchase a bespoke computer which has been built according to their specification. Musicroom. com Internet Music Shop is an online retailer of music CD's. The business
Knowing your target audience is at the core in any type of marketing strategy. This is no different from utilising the web as a marketing tool.
Use of core design principles: Below are some examples of web sites considered good and less good,
either away"by the search engines or too variable to be useful (e g. planet or planets);
*The wildcard tells the search engine to match all characters after it, preserving keyword slots and increasing coverage by 50%or more;
Simple way to ensure the search engines evaluate your query in the way you want, from left to right e g.("
"issue query to full Boolean search engine or metasearcher-full-Boolean engines give you this control;
and standard search engines never find it. Traditional search engines create their indices by spidering or crawling surface Web pages.
To be discovered, the page must be linked static and to other pages. Traditional search engines can not"see
"or retrieve content in the deep Web-those pages do not exist until they are created dynamically as the result of a specific search.
Because traditional search engine crawlers can not probe beneath the surface, the deep Web has heretofore been hidden.
To put these findings in perspective one has to consider that the search engines with the largest number of Web pages indexed (such as Google) index no more than sixteen per cent of the surface Web.
when they use such search engines, Internet searchers are therefore searching only 0. 03%--or one in 3,
such as the knowledge base on the Microsoft site (13%)e g. http://www. microsoft. com/3. Publications-searchable databases for current and archived articles (11%)e g. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov
networks and software resulting in a significant improvement of the performance of Tetra pak Processing UK's food processing plant.
Implementing an Enterprise resource planning Software system Better stock management Better warehouse management Larger product rotation (First in, First Out) Accounting Warehousing Sales Financial Logistics Commercial"Innosupport:
when undertaking atna. www. trainingneedsanalysis. co. uk/tna article1. htm Sirius Concepts Ltd provides diagnostic software for economic
www. sircon. co. uk/sirius-software/your focus. asp Trainingzone is one of the UK's most popular site for corporate training professionals with an online network of 50,000 members.
groups are kept on their toes. 5. Focus on Your Core Strengths and Outsource Another way of using innovation to stay nimble and competitive is by focusing on competitive differentiators,
and closely monitors the changing needs of its markets. designs products, processes and services around customer needs
and understands and closely monitors the changing needs of its markets successfully manages new ideas
it is a core factor promoting development and growth in every sphere of life, in particular in the sphere of business and entrepreneurship.
otherwise the search engine may not be able to perceive the real key word. Example-Links The most widely used and well known search engines:"
"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-12.1. Literature searches page 249 of 271 http://www. google. com http://www. alltheweb. com http://www. msn. com http://www. yahoo
but in order to find the required information it is advisable as the first step to use the Internet search engine,
or phrase of the sought information (in case of a search engine) select from the offered/obtained information
LZA EI, 2003.206 lpp Web links The most widely used and well known search engines: http://www. google. com http://www. alltheweb. com http://www. msn. com http://www. yahoo. com Databases http://www. census
Foreign language competence page 258 of 271 Isn't computer-based training a good alternative to courses?
Foreign language competence page 262 of 271 Presentation using transparencies Powerpoint presentation Design of documentation for the customer Rhetorical skills Negotiation skills Technical skills for searching for information/patents
and promote a shared set of core values in the areas of labour standards, human rights and environmental practices between the UN and the business community http://www. unglobalcompact. org/"Innosupport:
23 6-Implications and Research Outlook...23 7-Summary...25 LIST OF ANNEXES References BARRIERS TO INNOVATION IN SMES:
Challenges associated with the chances of global innovation are discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 entails general implications and research outlook.
According to a Mckinsey study, a software developer costs 60 USD an hour in USA. A software developer with similar skill costs only one-tenth of this amount in India (MGI, 2003.
The starting salary of a software developer working for the German software firm SAP in India was reported at 8, 000 euros per annum in 2004,
while the salary for a similarly qualified person at the headquarters in Germany was reported 5-times higher at 40,000 euros (Müller, 2004).
For instance, Hirschfeld (2005) reports several incidences of intercultural nuisances in Indo-German software development work.
and Research Outlook As the discussion above has demonstrated, global innovation activities, especially, the internationalization of R&d, may lead to a mitigation of the effects of innovation barriers faced by SMES in their home country.
o To protect their individual core competences o To share the intellectual property generated by such a joint venture,
Managing Innovation, in Asia Pacific Tech Monitor,(22:3), pp. 30-33. DBR (2005: India Rising:
OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2006, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Preuß, R. 2007:
Asia Pacific Tech Monitor, Vol. 24, No. 1, New delhi, pp. 32-37. Tiwari, R.,Buse, S,
%scientific activities (12%),computer and electronics (16%)and the rest were distributed in the others miscellaneous activities.
'Innovation in SMES'aims at creating a bridge between the core of the framework programme-support to research,
Horizon 2020‘Innovation in SMES'is a bridge between the core of the framework programme, the provision of support to research, development and innovation projects,
Where appropriate, a Panel Review will be organised remotely. Applicants can provide during the electronic proposal submission up to three names of persons that should not act as an evaluator in the evaluation of their proposal for potential competitive reasons9. 7 The Director-General responsible may decide to open the call up
The core of the IMP rove platform is a benchmarking database for‘innovation management performance'with more than 3500 quality checked datasets.
2015budget EUR million Experts (expert evaluators, experts groups, monitors) 0. 92 of which 0. 10 from 02.040203 and 0. 82 from 08.020203 1. 14 of which 0
important information on development over time (panel data) and for the whole population are lacking.
Subject new regulations which could adversely affect the provision of risk finance to cost-benefit tests of their likely effect before implementation and monitor their subsequent impact.
measure, and report intangible assets (ICT skills, organisation, software and networks, intellectual property rights) so that new and small firm assets can be managed more effectively
This is especially true for new technology-based firms that are not only more numerous than in the past (especially in areas such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, software and new materials) but also play an increasingly important role as innovation agents.
For Mexico, Businesses with 21 or more employees, 21-100 employees instead of 10-49,101-250 instead of 50-249,151-1000 instead of 250 or more. 3. Internet and other computer-mediated networks.
The rapid growth of software and business method patenting also increases small business costs and the likelihood of infringement.
the panel used by Parisi, Schiantarelli and Sembenelli is tilted towards medium and large firms much more than the original Mediocredito-Capitalia sample.
and Griffith, Huergo, Mairesse and Peters (2006) on four European countries. 3 Although the Mediocredito-Capitalia survey is not a panel itself,
we end up with an unbalanced panel of 9, 674 observations on 7, 375 firms, of which only 361 are present in all three waves.
Table 1 contains some descriptive statistics, for both the unbalanced and the balanced panel. Not surprisingly, in both cases, the firm size distribution is skewed to the right for both groups of firms, with an average of around 50 and 53 employees respectively.
office accounting & computer machinery; radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;
out of 361 firms in our balanced panel, 34%invest in R&d in every period under examination.
fewer than 5 per cent of the firms and about 10 per cent of the observations are balanced in the panel).
When investment is included not in the regression, process innovation displays a sizeable and positive impact on productivity for all the categories of firms under exam, column (1),
In the bottom panel of the table, we report an alternative specification of the productivity equation without investment.
Evidence from a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms, Institute for Fiscal Studies, working paper N. W93/19.
Evidence from a Panel of Manufacturing Firms in France, Germany, and Italy, International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 24 (5), pp. 971-993.
office accounting & computer machinery; radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;
Similarly, textile, lumber, wood and paper mills, printing and publishing, and construction firms rely heavily on equipment suppliers for process innovation (Pavitt, 1984).
In contrast, computers and electronics have high product obsolescence rates; which means higher and more continuous investment in incremental innovation (March-Chorda et al.
and thereby allow them to concentrate 7 on their core competencies (Quinn et al.,1990). ) In contrast, their SME suppliers are not scaleintensive,
electronics and software. SMES that focus on the middle or end of the life cycle may be specialized equipment suppliers. 2. 3 SME Strengths and Weaknesses and Required Capabilities for Innovation Yap et al.
and engineering tools (CAD), prototypes, customization, etc. Further, SMES often have an inadequate knowledge of their competitors and their products.
They differ from core competencies (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990) in that they need not be rare or inimitable.
Core competencies rely on leverage across NPD projects within a single firm for competitive advantage, but conditions may change too rapidly for this to happen.
and eventually the entire car interior including door panels and dashboards. These companies now have much more leverage over their customers, the automobile companies.
on the other hand, are forcing them to focus on their core competencies and turn to outsourcing to provide many of the functions that were performed once in-house.
and protect the core product businesses of an SME. Services can differentiate a company from competitors
one of Hewlett-packard's installed bases is printers. Although Hewlett-packard's servicing is in terms of a product (i e.,
, the ink cartridge), the model still stands. The company sells a product that is its main source of revenue (i e.,
, the printer), and then sells a service to keep the product running (i e.,, the ink cartridge, albeit a product.
Adapted from Oliva and Kallenberg, 2003 and Monitor Group, 2004. Table 3. 1 Service Opportunities for Manufacturers 17 Figure 3. 1 Share of Service Sales/Spending Volume by Type Figure 3. 2 Market
This requires GF's computer systems to seamlessly integrate with car plants exchanging data in real-time.
The latest equipment has a number of embedded sensors that monitor the performance and relay the data over the Internet back to a central office.
There are some noticeable exceptions, such as IBM and GE of course. But even these large companies have struggled with making the transition.
For example, software service providers may offer homogeneous products that are produced not or consumed simultaneously, and manufacturers increasingly offer products that are accompanied by services, such as repair and maintenance (de Jong et al.,
The fall in the price of computers and data storage devices coupled with the rise of the Internet, have made the use of digital information as a competitive weapon no longer just the domain of larger companies.
and computer systems can be prohibitive. On the other hand, the SME must be aware of becoming too dependent on one supplier
Whatever problems are solved at a franchisee's location are fed into the software package which has been devised by Chemstation
and it has the necessary software and framework in place to interpret the results and distribute the data.
Once the target segment and its core needs are identified, the next task is to generate ideas to address these needs.
transform voice to signals, human input/output interface (screen, keypad, etc), and send signals to towers.
The firm can decide to generate new ideas for a human input device by searching for all possible human input devices used in other (non-cell phone) products
but supplement these services elsewhere with a 24/7 help desk and self-diagnostic software where applicable.
and use computer systems to codify and interpret them for particular future instances replacing the cheese taster above with a computer program.
Apart from very limited domains, this approach has been largely unfruitful. Tacit-to-tacit is still the most powerful method of knowledge transfer using such techniques as storytelling.
Monitor Group (2004. Industrial services strategies: The quest for faster growth and higher margins. Provides an in depth discussion of industrial services.
"The core competence of the corporation.""Harvard Business Review 68 (3): 79-91. Describes core competencies
"Growth beyond the core.""Financial times (31 march 2006): 10.68 Explains how manufacturers can stabilize cash flows
and research labs R&d ACTIVITIES Invest significantly in research (75%invest more than 20%of Invest on average about 11%of their turnover in R&d Invest less than 5%of their turnover in R&d 8 Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new
The most innovative industries, such as computers, instruments and pharmaceuticals also tend to be the most R&d intensive (Audretsch, 1995.
yet contribute considerably to innovation in newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995).
and accounting management software systems that enhance organisational and management capabilities, while at the same time reduce the high costs associated with managing SMES.
An important strategy deployed by SMES to create competitiveness in global markets is to use the digital technology to develop core competencies
On the high-tech front, they make parallel-processing computers for Japan and satellite receivers for Germany.""12 41.
Diversification is considered generally to be anathema to focusing upon the core product. But because of their specialisation and small size, Mittelstand companies are often at a disadvantage in terms of economies of scale.
individuals move easily from semiconductor to disk drive firms or from computer to network makers. They move from established firms to start-ups (or vice versa) and even to market research or consulting firms,
Clusters of firms have experienced high levels of investment into process technologies, particularly in manufacturing automation, NC, CAD-CAM,
These organisations are typically technical consultants and count R&d as a non-core activity. Looking at firm growth rates during the three-year period preceding the study,
Close to 80%of all new technology startups are in information technologies--software, Internet, and telecommunication software.
Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times,
the core competencies scan (which lasts 3 hours and is used to define SME core competencies);
the network scan (which lasts 3 hours and identifies the network needs); and the innovation scan (to measure the innovative capability of the SME.
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