The euheart project is building computer models of the diseased heart to personalise and optimise the selection of the most indicated treatment in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and heart rhythm disorders,
Computer models integrate heart behaviour and the aorta at molecular, cellular, tissue and organ level. These models also incorporate knowledge about how the cardiovascular disease disturbs the correct functioning of the heart at these levels. http://www. euheart. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
Consolidation of an open source modular Health Information Sharing Platform supporting organizational interoperability among actors and clinical decision support systems An innovative business case Strategies for scalability of the ICT
Independent living is also at the core of the Rosetta project which specifically addressed people with progressive chronic disabilities, helping them to keep their independence and quality of life as long as possible,
An advanced awareness and prevention service, e g. smart cameras to monitor users'activities; An early detection system to monitor behaviours
Runtime support, a software environment providing services for the execution of AAL applications. Development support,
and better using devices they are more familiar with, such as TV screens and remote controls. The T-Seniority pilot project developed a solution based on digital TV specifically tailored for elderly people.
The GUIDE (Gentle user interfaces for elderly people) project is creating a software framework and design tools
and the software framework is being showcased at events around Europe such as IFA 2012, a leading trade show for Consumer Electronics and Home appliances.
, second screen multi-touch devices and gyroscopic remote controls. GUIDE puts a dedicated focus on the emerging Web & TV platforms and services (Connected TVS, Set-Top Boxes, etc..
the platform widget is made available also on social media channels and mobile devices. Puzzled by Policy Users can compare graphically their views on immigration with national and EU immigration policies,
Trust is the core of social and economic activity in the Internet, and is the basis of economic transactions, social connections,
DEMONS's objective is to realise this infrastructure by applying novel distributed systems technologies and leveraging their native scalability and fault tolerance characteristics.
and their underlying software-based service platforms, are a prerequisite for the use and uptake of innovative business models and services that benefit the further development and growth of the European economy.
%The SAVE ENERGY project uses a serious game (virtual computer game used for professional training purposes) with an engaging virtual environment for users to gain awareness,
The buildings are equipped with sensors, meters and control devices to monitor overall energy use. The real time data gathered is then centralised
electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. Thanks to its holistic approach, GAMES is expected to increase energy efficiency in data centres by up to 25%.
The project expects to provide at least 20%saving in the energy consumption of servers and network devices in comparison with a traditionally managed data centre and an additional 30%saving due to reduced cooling needs.
unused servers are turned off and automatically restarted when load increases. http://www. fit4green. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures. For example, the European commission's ecall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial 112 Europe's single emergency number in case of a serious accident
information and communication technology is a set of heterogeneous technologies (hardware and software) that allow for electronic communication, data collection and processing in distributed networks (e g.
Newton, 1998. ICT differs in complexity, ranging from simple electronic communication, like e-mail, to interactive and highly intelligent applications in traffic management and control systems,
and distributed modes, the latter enabling participation in such conferencing from one's computer as opposed to a videoconference room,
E-office (internet, e-mail, portable computers, tele-servicing) Possibly reduces travel during work. May cause increase of long distance travel because of more on the move-move working options.
including emarketing and customer services Reduces transport for ordering and delivery of nonmaterial goods (e g. music, software);
Monitors obstacles in the road network and sends help (persons and freight. Give information on changing road network conditions ahead (persons and freight.
The same technology could be tied into an onboard computer system and used to make it nearly impossible for the vehicle to crash into other vehicles or objects.
For example, Lexus plans to introduce lighting systems that monitor speed, braking performance and weather conditions, and automatically adjust the amount and type of lighting as a warning (active lighting).
), Prorec Ireland and The irish Computer Society, an ICT Industry group was established in mid-2009 to report on the role that Healthcare ICT can play in delivering a world class health system to the citizens of Ireland.
We would also like to thank the Health Informatics Society of Ireland, Prorec Ireland and The irish Computer Society for their role in the initiative
and Enterprise Ireland, BT and Microsoft for the provision of physical and electronic facilities to support the activities of the group.
the long term outlook is indeed bleak. Looking at some of the problems in more detail
Quality of care (effectiveness and efficiency of care service provision) A number of key technologies were identified as proven catalysts to significant healthcare improvement,
is defined as the computer system that allows direct entry of medical orders by the person with the licensure and privileges to do so.
Directly entering orders into a computer, at the point of care, has the benefit of reducing errors by minimising the ambiguity of handwritten orders,
Through the implementation and utilization of Health Informatics technologies which have an EHR at their core,
From either a wireless phone or a computer screen on the ward, the medical staff will be able to see some basic details of the patient including the reason for admission,
Enterprise-wide collaboration software. Overview: The Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte (SMSA-BH), reorganised its citywide health services and defined nine health districts that each serve a certain geographic, population
Doctors use the software's instant messaging capability to consult with each other for quick questions or opinions in a secure real-time environment.
ICT's Role in Healthcare Transformation Report of the Health ICT Industry Group Page 25 Increasing availability by Reducing Hospitalisation Bed-days through Computer-based Patient
. 7 Diagnostics Reducing Duplicate Surplus Laboratory and Chemistry Tests through Electronic Medical record/Computer-based Patient Record Over 800,
-BT Cerner Cisco systems dabl Disease Management Systems DMF Systems ecom Ireland Garivo Technologies GE Healthcare IBM IMS MAXIMS Intel Microsoft
-Bearingpoint eircom Helix Health Hewlett packard Financial services IBEC IMEC Technologies Irish Software Assocation isoft Lincor Solutions MANITEX Silicon & Software systems (S3) Sláinte
via medical apps for mobile devices to next generation gene sequencing. The creation of national/regional EHR infrastructures such as RHIO's in the US, the NHS Spine project in the United kingdom and NICTIZ in The netherlands, is complemented with efforts on creating commercial Web-based personal health
record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft Healthvault. These applications process, store and exchange patient's medical information
Healthcare providers and patients can access the most up to date medical resources anytime anywhere on their mobile devices.
Home healthcare services monitor patients and gather data that is interpreted by medical professionals. Health and well-ness services support people in need in many ways on the basis of personal and health related information.
which through a web interface displays to users what information about them is stored and who can access it.
Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE (2008) 318 323 9. Reiter, H.,Maglaveras, N.:
Compliance and effectiveness in HF and CAD closed-loop management. In: Proceedings of Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
internal factors are likely to be more important core determinants of whether innovation plays a key role in success
and growth of SMES The core objective of this paper is to ascertain the relationship between innovation and firm growth in the identified SME sectors.
112 5. 2. Countries have adopted a range of different approaches to monitor ICT adoption...116 5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators...
119 5. 4. Improving comparability of data on ICT in health: What options?..122 References...
62 Box 2. 4. Open source health ICTS...64 Box 2. 5. The progressive introduction of interoperability provides a continuum of added value...
provider AUD Australian dollar CAD Canadian dollar CCHIT Certification Commission for Healthcare Information technology CDM Chronic disease management CITL Center for Information technology Leadership CHF Congestive heart failure
while the annual cost of diabetes care dropped over the same period from an average of CAD 4 400 (Canadian dollars) to CAD 3 966 per patient.
whether between systems or between versions of the same software. It must also be gathered consistently
Failure to collect the data necessary to evaluate the impact of ICTS is one of the core challenges to achieving widespread adoption of high-performing ICT initiatives.
high-speed wireless communications network for over 97%of the region's rural private physician's offices through a CAD 1. 2 million (USD 1. 14 million) grant from the federal Primary Health care
and most physicians are still using their computers mainly for billing or other administrative tasks.
guidelines and the use of the CDM toolkit, over the same period, the cost of diabetes care in the province dropped from an average of CAD 4 400 (Canadian dollars) to CAD 3 966 per patient.
and communication systems PACS is a computer system that replaces conventional x-ray film, and greatly improves access to patient information by making it possible for referring clinicians to review their patient's images on PCS from their own offices.
Although more and more patient data are held on computer systems traditionally, quality data is collected and analysed retrospectively on the basis of insurance claims.
1999), A Randomized Trial of a Computer-Based Intervention to Reduce Utilization of Redundant Laboratory Tests, American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 106, pp. 144-150.
traditional in-office installation of software/hardware, and patient management systems provided over the web via an application service provider (ASP).
MAEHC reports hardware and software costs of approximately USD 30 700, plus another USD 12 100 for support per physician.
and certified a panel of five vendors from which primary care physicians must purchase their EMR
PITO negotiated prices with these vendors on the basis of one time hardware and software start-up costs of approximately USD 15 500 plus an annual fee of almost USD 4 000 the first year, rising to almost USD 6 000 thereafter.
It should be noted that definitions of EMR and EHR vary significantly across countries. Rather than attempting to provide a single overarching definition,
the EMRS funded by PITO include all of the core elements of a fully functional EHR,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Box 2. 1. Functional characteristics of an electronic health record One the basis of advice from an expert panel, in 2008
the panel reached consensus on functions that should be present to qualify the system into two functional categories, a basic system and a fully functional system.
) Hardware 22 800 6 364 Software & implementaion 17 200 9 091 Annual support/License 5 600 3 709 (1st year
Only 20%of physicians reported that they were willing to purchase an EMR system Those who were willing to purchase said that they would be willing to pay between CAD 255 and 415 per month.
sum Percentage of physicians Low=CAD 255 Med=CAD 415 High=CAD 575 Low=CAD 415 Med=CAD 575 High=CAD
690 Low=CAD 7 200 Med=CAD 11 200 High=CAD 15 200 Source: Keshavjee et al.
Different computer systems are said to be interoperable when they can exchange data with and use data from other systems.
Interoperability depends primarily on all the computer systems that need to exchange information being able to communicate.
These EMR software platforms were largely incompatible with each other and were not interoperable. They had to be modified to a greater
Another area where industry collaboration is gaining traction is the development of open source health care software with several initial successes. Open source software is developed with an open code that is made available
open source could provide a possible reference point 1. The term open standard as used here refers to the nature of the standard's development with multi-stakeholder input and broad industry recognition;
and the high level of access to its specifications for ready promulgation in a variety of hardware and software.
The term open standard is coupled sometimes with open source with the idea that a standard is not truly open
if it does not have a complete free/open source reference implementation available. 64 CHAPTER 2
Making open source software such as EHRS available as an option for physicians offers significantly lower upfront costs.
This, however, does not mean free software for everyone, nor it necessarily implies higher guarantees of reliability and quality than commercial products.
The success of any open source software depends on the community of developers who participates in its development (California Health care Foundation, 2006.
Recently, a growing chorus of policy makers have been advocating government support for more open source development of EHRS (see Box 2. 4). Even
) Box 2. 4. Open source health ICTS Examples of open source software that have been developed and are being deployed widely, include EMR software such as OSCAR, Freemed, Vista and other software such as Medline, Epi-X and others.
To this effect, a 2002 NHS Information Authority paper on Open source Software and the NHS concluded:
Open source health care applications would provide healthy competition to the existing closed source commercial market, encouraging innovation whilst promoting compatibility and interoperation.
This ultimately will lead to systems that are lower cost, better quality and more responsive to changing clinical and organisational requirements (Smith, 2002).
More recently in the United states, the success of the open source Vista EHR software developed by the US Veterans Administration,
Several law makers there have proposed legislation calling for grant programmes to support open source EHR development as well as encouraging federal agencies to evaluate implementations of open source technologies for their own use.
In another sign of increasing support for open source software, the Certification Commission for Healthcare Information technology (CCHIT) has created recently three separate pathways to electronic health records certification.
but the other two pathways were created with open source developers in mind, making their software potentially eligible under incentive programmes with funding guidelines calling for such certification.
CHAPTER 2. WHAT PREVENTS COUNTRIES FROM IMPROVING EFFICIENCY THROUGH ICTS? 65 IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
PC-based exchange of scanned documents or manual faxing, pictures, portable document format (PDF) 3 Machine-organisable data transmission of structured messages containing non-standardised data;
or PC-based exchange of files in incompatible/proprietary file formats, HL-7 messages 4 Machine-interpretable data transmission of structured messages containing standardised
As a recent Microsoft survey revealed, a large majority of the US public wants electronic access to their personal health information both for themselves
and for their health care providers because they believe such access is likely to increase the quality of the care they receive (Microsoft Corporation,
California Health care Foundation (2006), Open source Software: A Primer for Health care Leaders, ihealth Reports. Center for Democracy & Technology (2008), Comprehensive Privacy and Security:
Institute of Medicine (1997), The Computer-Based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health care, National Academy Press, Washington, D c. Institute of Medicine (2001), Crossing the Quality Chasm:
Microsoft Corporation/Kelton Research (2009), Health Engagement Survey 2009, Microsoft corp.,, Redmond, WA. available at: www. microsoft. com/presspass/presskits/industries/healthandlifesciences/docs/MSHEALTHENGAGEMENTSURVEY2009. ppt.
OECD (2007), Improved Health System Performance through Better Care Coordination, OECD Health Working papers No. 30, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social affairs, OECD Publishing, www
Smith, C. 2002), Open source Software and the NHS: White paper. National Health Service Information Authority, available at:
It also encourages incremental compliance by software suppliers with the National e-Health Transition Authority (NEHTA) standards and specifications,
with 89%of GP practices using computers for clinical purposes. Most practices had computer software
and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3%)had speed a high Internet connection. Over half these practices (55.6%)had received a PIP payment for information technology/information management,
and nearly a third (31.5%)had received payments through another incentives programme intended to stimulate broadband uptake (Broadband for Health).
An earlier study by Nielsen in October 1997 had found that only 31.0%of practices had computers, most
This evidence depicts a rapid uptake of computers to access crucial patient information at point of care
have also been largely responsible for the significant levels of adoption of computers and patient management systems by GPS in rural Western australia.
By 2003 more than 80%of WA practices were using computers for clinical care and not just for practice administration (Figure 3. 1). This number has been growing since.
A total of CAD 108 million was committed for 2006-12, to be disbursed gradually over the duration of the programme.
The hardware reimbursement levels were established based on real costs incurred by a representative group of practices, large and small in British columbia (source:
The toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry with a Health Canada's Primary Health care Transition Fund grant.
MOA time is compensated at CAD 20/hour as an expense to the GP. Direct payments to spur use of the CDM Toolkit To spur the use of the CDM Toolkit,
since the inception of the programme in 2003, received a onetime payment of CAD 7 500.
a complex care e-mail/telephone follow up management fee at a rate of CAD 15 (payable up to a maximum of four times per year/per patient) was made also available.
whose patient panels consist of at least a minimum threshold of low-income individuals and families who cannot afford health care costs.
ranging from USD 27 214 to 36 212 over five years (Figure 3. 2). It should be noted that the US incentives in this figure are compared to costs associated with in-office installation of EHR software/hardware
USD 1. 10 CAD. 86 CHAPTER 3. ALIGNING INCENTIVES WITH HEALTH SYSTEM PRIORITIES IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
systemic fiscal cost-benefit after ten years is actually negative at CAD 1. 5 billion,
By year 20, the systemic (national) savings is estimated at almost CAD 20 billion. This is further supported by a 2007 study by Pricewaterhouse Coopers of nearly 2 000 hospitals in the United states,
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Mcinnes, D. K.,D c. Saltman and M. R. Kidd (2006), General practitioners'Use of Computers for Prescribing and Electronic Health Records:
Annual Meeting, Powerpoint presentation at AHRQ Annual Meeting, Bethesda, Maryland. CHAPTER 4. ENABLING A SECURE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 97 IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
as well as meeting software and hardware compatibility requirements. However, though the MAEHC had done an extensive job researching the vendors and making final selections based on strict criteria,
Certification addresses the full range of products open source, selfdeveloped, modular, and other vendor. Home-developed systems and open source developers, often don't understand why they need to go through the expense of detailed certification processes
and possibly developing unneeded functionalities for the sole purpose of meeting certification criteria. 5. http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt/gateway/PTARGS 0 11113 881027 0 0 18/CA SUMMARY 071409
. pdf, accessed January 2010 104 CHAPTER 4. ENABLING A SECURE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION IMPROVING HEALTH SECTOR EFFICIENCY:
all certification can ensure is a baseline of core functionalities and specifications that could be used to achieve interoperability.
http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt? open=512&objid=1269&&pageid=1650 1&mode=2&in hi userid=11113&cached=true, accessed January 2010.
Reducing the risk of data loss in physician offices caused by human, hardware or software failure.
The MAEHC has focused on the core messages that appealed to all of the focus groups: convenience and data security.
In a strategic planning document, Canada Health Infoway in 2006 reported a rough assessment of total investment costs per capita to establish a fully functional EHR system that ranged from an estimated CAD 133
in Canada as of 2009 to CAD 570 per enrolee in Kaiser permanente (United states) in 2005.
7. 2009, exchange rate CAD 1. 10; 8. Source: Department of health and Ageing, Australia; 9. 2009-10, exchange rate AUD 1. 19;
Through March 2010, exchange rate CAD 1. 10; 12. NAO, through December 2015, exchange rate GBP 0. 61;
Secondary use of data for monitoring public health. 5. 2. Countries have adopted a range of different approaches to monitor ICT adoption Analysis of surveys from nine OECD countries (Australia
Three out of the nine countries (Norway, Spain and Sweden) included in the OECD study also use routine administrative data to monitor ICT adoption.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 5. 3. Common information needs are reflected in a core set of widely used indicators The OECD analysis clearly shows that the way countries are currently monitoring ICT
Nonetheless, it is possible to identify a core set of indicators widely used in these surveys.
2005) provides one possible way to improve the availability and comparability of data for a core set of indicators on health ICTS.
While the use of core modules allows measurement on an internationally comparable basis, additional modules and new indicators within existing modules can be added to respond to evolving
While the use of core modules allows the measurement on an internationally comparable basis, additional modules and new indicators within existing modules can be added to respond to evolving
Department of health and human services (2009), Public-Private Initiatives, HHS, Washington, D c.,http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt?
pragmatic progress and promising potential, Powerpoint presentation to OECD Expert Meeting on ICT in the Health Sector, Paris. Riksrevisjonen (Office of the Auditor General of Norway)( 2008), Riksrevisjonens
The University of Western australia's Centre for Software Practice (UWA Centre) provided dedicated technical support under a not-for-profit partnership agreement.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 High rates of basic computerisation A 2001 study found that 86%of Australian general practices had at least one computer
and found that most practices had the computer software and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions,
and most (78.3%)had speed a high internet connection. Furthermore, GSGPN survey results from 2006 indicated over 80%of Western australia practices using computers for both clinical and administrative functions.
Background and benefits The Great Southern Managed Health Network (GSMHN) was established in 2007 as a not-for-profit association between the Great Southern General Practice Network (GSGPN) and the University of Western australia (UWA) Centre for Software Practice.
The goals of the project were to achieve: Secure messaging and increased collaboration between health professionals.
It was acknowledged that the UWA Centre for Software Practice had been a critical, if not major factor in the successful implementation of the project, both for the enthusiastic dedication of its staff, the not for profit nature of the partnership and the extensive expertise in software
Adoption of the chronic disease management (CDM) toolkit The CDM self evaluation toolkit is based a web software developed by the B c. Health Ministry.
Physician Connect began in 2004 with a CAD 1. 2 million Primary Health care Transition Fund (PHTCF) grant.
With diabetes alone, one of the most common chronic diseases in the province and steadily increasing, the direct cost of providing health care services for people with complications is approximately CAD 776 million each year.
direct health care costs to treat patients with diabetes in British columbia are forecasted to rise 78%,reaching an estimated cost of CAD 1. 38 billion.
Provided complete no-cost EHR systems to physician practices coupled with practice management software to link all clinical and administrative practice functions in one seamless health ICT solution.
between the National Association of General practitioners and the government on an incentives package to promote the purchase of computers and the use of electronic medical records.
and a moderate increase in the fee for service for each private patient if the GP used a computer.
2) implement a patient management system within two years from the purchase of a computer;
traditional in-office installation of software/hardware and installation through an external application service provider (ASP.
i e. in the databases of the health care provider or regional databases and will be accessed through the central search engine
IPF has invited also experts from European innovation support agencies to participate in peer review panels and as hosts for peer reviews.
and ii) a computer or web interface, linking sites, searches and application forms together. Mentoring type service delivery
Computer or web interfaces on the other hand are relatively cheap to run but still need staff to update links
Computer or web interfaces are suited in the following circumstances when: Clients are computer and internet savvy.
Access to broadband services are widespread. Clients that are sophisticated more require funding and limited advice rather than handholding, in depth reviews and advice on improving performance.
Some future growth sectors Deloitte (a) Pwc (b) IBIS World (c) Outlook Economics (d) Mckinsey (e) Gas Food & beverage processing Pharmaceuticals, biotech & medical
d) Outlook Economics (2014, unpublished), AUS-M. Distribution services includes wholesale and retail trade, transport,
Reflecting the highly skilled, innovative nature of the Australian economy, professional, scientific and technical industries accounted for more than 7 per cent of value add in 2011-12 (Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency, 2013.
construction-related items such as formwork and scaffolding, windows and concrete wall panels; and a range of other building-related products.
sells, implements and supports financial services software globally. The firm's applications and consulting services help to administer financial products for the investment, superannuation, pensions, life insurance and private wealth industries.
and its software is used to manage more than A$2. 5 trillion in assets. Further proposals Proposal 8:
and its capacity to focus on core functions rather than red tape, can be improved. We rank well on teaching, research and citations,
Building on these maths education programmes, the Government will provide a further $3. 5 million to encourage the introduction of computer coding across different year levels in Australian schools.‘
and advanced activities such as software development and business consulting. Successful entrepreneurs often start small and then grow their businesses.
) Gov. Malloy Announces Collaboration with IBM to Launch State's First P-Tech Model School in Norwalk.
Analysis of China's food demand to 2050, conference paper, 44th ABARES Outlook conference. Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences.
http://online. wsj. com/news articles/SB1000 1424052702303887804579501411932558776 Outlook Economics. 2014 unpublished. Aus-M. Canberra: Outloook Economics.
Report of the Expert Panel. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia. World bank. 2014a). ) World bank Data. Retrieved August 2014, from Gross capital formation(%of GDP:
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