An increasing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as Google, IBM, Intel, Johnson & johnson, Nestlé, Unilever,
which societal issues are at the periphery, not the core. The solution lies in the principle of shared value,
A growing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as GE, Google, IBM
Intel, Johnson & johnson, Nestlé, Unilever, and Wal-mart have embarked already on important efforts to create shared value by reconceiving the intersection between society and corporate performance.
Intel and IBM are both devising ways to help utilities harness digital intelligence in order to economize on power usage.
and innovation, will form a new core discipline in business schools; economic development will no longer be left only to public policy and economics departments.
These resources are for internet platforms that are digital open source and open hardware environments supporting social innovation by empowering
and facilitating citizens'participation. One of the projects is responsible for the impact analysis of Digital Social Innovation impacts.
CAPS uses collective intelligence and contributes to develop an open source and decentralized infrastructure for connecting citizens and the internet in a decentralized open architecture.
a centralized social network, take Google docs, a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility.
2014), the core component of the CAPS world is made up of research projects for Grassroots Experiments and Pilots,
and soon their results will be assessed by individual panels of individual experts (annual reviews). There will also be an impact assessment in January 2014,
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
323988. http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eufloss Manuals Foundationfloss Manuals creates free documentation about free software.
She is a computer engineer and Phd candidate, with an MA in Computer science at UNICAMP, Brazil.
and disseminating the CAPS projects'core activities. Stimulating the birth of new CAPS initiatives. Based on their own interests, the reader of this publication can choose for themself a section from which to start reading,
The understanding and transparency of filtering mechanisms is probably the core element of awareness in CAPS initiatives.
The first example of such reflections has been Free and Open source Software which has been investigated from many theoretical viewpoints,
The core component of the CAPS world is made up of research projects for Grassroots Experiments and Pilots,
Social innovation organisations and networks Citizens, social movements and activists Researchers Companies NGOS, associations and charities Software developers CAPS projects Citizensof these, citizens are the most relevant users
and also shows potential synergies with P2pvalue in terms of research activities on collaborative core technologies and with D-CENT with reference to XML-based activity streams and information integration.
, e g. software development capabilities, social innovation concepts, etc. The ability to reach out to highly skilled people who can contribute freely,
Given the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices, these tools will serve to empower members of the disabilities community to be able to more fully take part in society
and versatility of online maps and mobile devices for collectively gathering and sharing spatial information for improving accessibility for persons with limited mobility.
It is available under the MIT license in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES,
and MAC OS X. 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative process that brings together a small group of people to develop
Crabgrass https://we. riseup. net Crabgrass is a software libre web application designed for group
GEO Smart monitor devices http://www. greenenergyoptions. co. uk/products-and-services/products A set of In-Home Displays, smart plugs and web visualisation of energy consumption. 19.
Liquid Feedback http://liquidfeedback. org Liquidfeedback is an open-source software, powering internet platforms for proposition development and decision making. 27.
/locale=en Loomio is free and open-source software for anyone, anywhere, to participate in decisions. 28.
Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API. 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for crowdsourcing.
and runs, the Slashdot-Like Automated Storytelling Homepage software. 43. Status. Net http://status. net Free and open-source social software. 44.
Succeed Together http://www. succeedtogether. eu/en A company that is creating a semantic engine which allows groups of 500 to 3000 people to answer questions qualitatively,
Twister http://twister. net. co Twister is decentralised a fully P2p microblogging platform leveraging from the free software implementations of Bitcoin and Bittorrent protocols. 47.
Ushahidi http://ushahidi. com Nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open-source software for information collection, visualisation and interactive mapping. 48.
wiki=Accueil Yeswiki is made a software application for creating and managing your website, in a collaborative way.
Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence, used for creating and managing an internet or intranet website. 54.
Engaging Communities of Interestcommunities of interest are at the core of CAPS developments. These groups may be geographically bound to one location
The impact of gamification, competition, collaborative work, public and even tangible feedback are examples of strategies that have been evaluated to promote engagement
The broad range of computer games and apps that appeal to the users of internet devices are a valuable resource for understanding
This important achievement was made possible by engaging European citizens in a sign-in campaign centralised on the initiative web. 69 Outlook for the Futurethe CAPS projects introduced in this book are the first projects to be funded under the CAPS programme
Currie, M.,Kelty, C. & Murillo, L. F. R (2013)' Free Software trajectories: From Organized Publics to Formal Social Enterprises?'.
Proceedings of the 1992 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. pp. 107-114. Eden, C. 1999)' Using Cognitive Mapping for Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA'.
The Cultural Significance of Free Software. Duke university Press. Kirk, D.,Douglas, A.,Brennan, C. & Ingram, A. 2002)' Combining Cognitive Maps and Soft Systems Methodology to Analyse Qualitative Data'.
'Computer Supported Cooperative Work 21. pp. 417-448.73 Liu, K. 2000) Semiotics in Information systems Engineering.
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces.
They make digital hardware available for people to adapt, hack and shape into tools for social change.
is one example of the potential of open hardware. It was founded in March 2011 as a response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan and frustration over the lack of government transparency about local radiation levels.
Using the Arduino, an open hardware circuit board with a microprocessor Safecast built their own Geiger counters.
These combine novel technology trends such as open data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge;
and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations More Filters Screenshot of the crowdmap www
Beyond the Internet, many new technologies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives.
Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
The development of open data, federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
open hardware) 4. The area of society the organisations and their activities operate and seek an impact in.
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Goteo is managed by the nonprofit Open sources Foundation that supports projects that offer some kind of collective return,
such as the open source DIY shoest kit8, a project developed with the support of Fablab Barcelona,
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to the enabling infrastructures, products, skills and capabilities they need to enhance collaborative making.
Recycle are becoming the keywords of the open hardware and makers movement, which embodies a combination of different design and technology methods,
Open hardware seeks to shift the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation, to the creation of new capacities to build the products that people consume according to a set of shared ethics and principles.
The open hardware movement in particular is about how people share knowledge, skills and tools, and how you build communities around open products.
People working on open source hardware are creating new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate research projects,
such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
These products are open source and free, with a worldwide community of peers contributing to the collective discoveries.
A project like openp2pdesign is opening up design processes and tools to enable collaborative communities to undertake large-scale projects that can lead to innovative results in open business, open government or open data.
Projects like Open source Ecology are promoting a shift towards a more sustainable lifestyle. The makers movement is showing how experiments of collaboration
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
free CAD/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products,
from grassroots movements, think-tanks and universities to big charities and public museums are hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces.
a makerspace in Milan with a focus on open source, design, digital fabrication and micro enterprises. 28 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe MAKERS MOVEMENT Maker Fairs are interesting expressions of this new form of networking events
create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending project has a strong focus on government finance,
and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen movements and governments.
contributing to the W3c Federated Social Web Working group. 32 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source community as well as a global
built on the Arduino open hardware board. The team turned to‘the crowd'via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter,
a nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
open data, free and open software and open hardware. Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising the way code is built,
shared and maintained by a variety of projects around the globe. Important developments to re-decentralise the Internet,
Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos which make it easy to run your own secure cloud
organised by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC) 11, an informal association of hackers from across Europe.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC), Europe's largest network of hackers, is the most prominent example of grassroots communities coming together to develop
the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody. The latest gathering of the CCC in 2012 in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 6, 000 participants.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) HACKERS NETWORKS 34 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing
These kinds of projects are able to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices,
and open hardware. Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of the extent these emerging technologies, 2. 4 TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION such as open data, open networks,
open hardware and open knowledge, are being harnessed by digital social innovation. Below we provide a more detailed description of how these trends can be defined,
for example relied on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit,
social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning and e-petitions. The main technological trends in DSI 0100 200 300 400 Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Safecast OPEN NETWORKS Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart
) 412 269 258 105 OPEN HARDWARE Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 39 The ability to build bottom-up networking capabilities in every corner
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed wireless sensors to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
and then deploy, run, monitor Innovative combinations of network solutions and infrastructures, e g. sensor networks, free interoperable network services, open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband, distributed social networks,
TOR also enables software developers to create new communication tools with built-in privacy features and provides the foundation for a range of applications that allow organisations
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
Another important trend, boosting the diffusion of open data is the increasing number of mobile devices.
Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
It then invited programmers and developers to make apps and web services based on the data,
Helsinki and three of its neighbouring cities publish all of their data in formats that make it easy for software developers,
open source and open access Communia PUBLIC DOMAIN The contribution of open knowledge covers the variety of ways in
and more generally the hacking culture of sharing skills and knowledge. 46 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Arduino OPEN HARDWARE OPEN HARDWARE new ways of making
and using open hardware solutions and moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware
whose blueprints are made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, extend and sell the design or hardware based on that design.
The hardware's source, the design from which it is made, is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
Ideally open-source hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure, unrestricted content and open-source design tools to maximise the ability of individuals to make
and use hardware. Open-source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor
which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
In 2005, Massimo Banzi, an Italian engineer and designer, started the Arduino project to enable students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) to build electronic devices using an open-source hardware board.
Arduino has grown to become popular, selling more than one million units to date, largely because of its creators'decision to make the board's design‘open source,
'along with its quick adoption by the international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs. This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social
innovation initiatives relying on open hardware, such as Safecast and the Smart Citizen Kit. The Smart Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 47 Smart Citizen Kit OPEN HARDWARE Citizen Kit is based an Arduino sensor kit that provides sophisticated sensor
network tools to citizens, enabling the measurement of levels of air pollution, noise pollution or air humidity in the vicinity of a private home, school or office.
The project was developed originally within the Fab Lab Barcelona at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia and crowdfunded via the Goteo and Kickstarter crowdfunding platforms.
With its relatively low-cost model the Smart Citizen Kit sees itself as acting as a bridge between more typically technical and nontechnical citizens
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the‘kit'itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
and Amsterdam in The netherlands, have shown an interest in supporting citizens to monitor environmental data and have launched city pilots using the Smart Citizen Kit.
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places,
the best possible decision making based on a real time data and information from open sources and the best possible alignments of my local providers with the global potential of wider communities (Van Kranenburg 2014) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
The largest community (10.29 per cent) is focussed around open hardware and open networks and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam,
Interestingly, although the open hardware network is the smallest overall it is the most highly interconnected
such as those of open data, open knowledge, open hardware and open networks? Even if an organisation is not central
Interdisciplinary European projects that force diverse communities to work together would strengthen the overall resilience of DSI in Europe by combining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks. 56 Growing
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy, collective debate, deliberation and voting.
CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT AND FEEDBACK 6. Net Neutrality and banning software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable.
Software packages that are patented can be expensive, and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
PUBLIC/DIRECT FUNDING President Obama set up an office for social innovation in the White house with a fund for supporting NGOS.
(i e. free and open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers,
In effect, open source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels. Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
(and reviewed in 2009 and 2010) its policy on ICT32 where special attention was paid to open source procurement.
In this respect, a toolkit was used to ensure that there is a level playing field for open source and that some of the myths associated with open source are dispelled.
Participating in open procurement calls should be made easy. Public procurement of innovative solutions Commissioning tools could also be set up to see
if the deployment of the DSI strategy across Europe is meeting the needs of their target beneficiaries (entrepreneurs, business, developers, citizens and other communities).
Open standards should be at the core of the technical infrastructure. Open standards should have an adequate legal and governance backing,
and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48 Public sector information should be made available under an open knowledge license
Today mobile devices with always-on Internet connectivity are becoming widespread. 74 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTEROPERABILITY50 In the area of copyright,
It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Government labs Nesta and Bloomberg Philanthropy in their study71 of government funded innovation teams and labs highlight how four different types of government funded labs can help drive innovation, through better support for, development and utilisation
as is done today by Fablabs with the Fabacademy, by Hacklabs and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training,
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
cohort/panel study, regular interval surveying Level 3 You can demonstrate that your product/service is causing the impact,
ü Explore DSI specific indicators such as Open Data access, digital skills and proliferation of open source projects or creative commons licenses.
European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,
Interoperable, customised and modular services and applications based on open source, open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures. At regulatory level The Digital agenda emphasises the need to adopt open standards
they should become public policy guidelines at the core of the technical infrastructure. Technical solutions do not work by themselves,
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/publicprocurement/modernising rules/reform proposals/index en. htm 34 http://www. nycedc. com/service programs-entrepreneurs 35 http://www
-sector-to-support-socialentrepreneurship/38 http://www. oecd. org/sti/outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles/competencestoinnovate/taxincentivesforrdandinnovation htm) 39 http://
-Jahreskongresses-29c3-des-Chaos-Computer-Clubs-CCC. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 34 http://www. e-living. net/sites/default/files
https://www. flickr. com/photos/lliurealbir/5154011320/Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 41 Earth From Space At Night Wallpaper Hd Desktop 10 online Audphoto
Stimulating innovation, entrepreneurship and the knowledge-based society is at the core of the Europe 2020 Strategy.
In the Social Innovation Camp, an inter disciplinary group brings together software designers and experts in social issues.
using the Internet as a way to innovate more collaboratively integrating the citizen in the core process. http://www. citilab. eu/en The Danish Business Authority (responsible for managing the Structural Funds),
This gives a core role for the public sector at regional and local level. Christian Bason, the director of Mindlab21, a Danish agency for social innovation operating within government
and for selection panels that are independent of the political process and allow selection to be transparent.
Indeed, participation is the core of the innovation by the CNAIS in addition to the integrated service delivery.
in so doing, has secured a place for social innovation at the core of EU policies.
This remark from the podium during the‘Social entrepreneurs have your say'event in January 2014 in Strasbourg illustrates the state of mind of the hundreds of‘core actors'from all over Europe who attended the meeting.
on top of which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish in a participatory innovation model based on open source and open hardware development;
The aim should be to turn the current passport into an open source mesh-networked device;
Increasingly, however, digital tools are used also as a core element to mobilise collective intelligence for the co-creation of public goods (e g.
Indeed, participation is the core of innovation at the CNAIS in addition to the integrated service delivery.
Horizon 2020 is the funding arm of Innovation Union and a core part of Europe 2020 and the European Research Area.
and will seek to promote culture as the core of the EU's social fabric
plenary panels, short flash sessions, and a new format called‘Vox pops'in which citizens contribute their ideas on culture
GECES-Proposed Approaches to Social Impact Measurement) and closely monitors EU initiatives. The Enterprise Policy Group bringing together decision-makers from Member States and the European commission on SME policy, industrial policy or competitiveness and innovation-related actions has touched upon social innovation on several occasions.
and the EIF becomes a core part of the initiative from the outset 3. 2. 7. Dormant funds Dormant funds are bank accounts where there has been no customer activity for a certain time period.
of which three were awarded a prize of EUR 20 000 at an award ceremony held in Brussels on 29 may 2013183.182 Diogo Vasconcelos chaired a Business Panel on Future EU innovation policy in January 2009
when typing‘social innovation'into search engines. It hosts a community of practitioners with about 5000 registered members
The project's core innovations are built around a context-specific repository of carbon reduction strategies.
yy proposing new promising models of participatory innovation based on open software and open hardware; yy achieving a better understanding of the techno-social issues related to key aspects of the networked society,
their workers and other stakeholders to make public commitments on the CSR issues relevant to each sector and jointly monitor progress'.
The CAPS participants share data and collaborate to reach collective sustainability goals on open source platforms (open in terms of software but also hardware,
and act as the core of a knowledge network or cluster serving the local economy and society.
the‘European Citizens'Panel‘New democratic toolbox for new Institutions'197 tested the participatory methods of organising panels on a large scale, with randomly chosen citizens,
Four national citizens'panels were held in Germany Bulgaria, Hungary and Latvia, as well as a European event bringing citizens, experts and decision-makers into dialogue with each other.
The national panels enabled citizens to discuss the use of participatory democracy methods on a European scale.
I C i e S 123 Following the national citizens'panels and the civil society fora, a set of European recommendations was drawn up
and then submitted for approval by the citizens who took part in the national panels before being discussed by an international expert panel at an international conference.
The guidelines, the models and the system will be the result of an orchestrated cross disciplinary effort of European experts based on participatory design approach in diverse and complementary fields (art and design, computer
The initiative is intended to be a meeting place between young application developers/programmers and older persons.
While addressing this core issue the overall objective of EGOV4U (CIP ICT PSP) is to empower intermediaries
They use participatory leadership practices as their operating system and have succeeded in formulating solid recommendations for the improvement of one of the institution's core processes,
most of which have been endorsed by the Secretary-general. A n N e X I 137 In 2011, DG Agriculture consulted 230 key stakeholders from across Europe on Monitoring & Evaluation for the Common Agricultural Policy after 2013.
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