Businesses have adopted new devices like 3-dimensional printers, which have made it easier to turn ideas quickly into prototypes;
This phase involves consolidation around a few core principles that can be communicated easily. Then as the idea is implemented in new contexts,
1) the open hardware and free software communities,(2) the community of developers,(3) innovation labs, including Fab labs, Living Labs, Hackerspaces and Makerspaces (4) the open
the organisations and their activities fit under (open data, open networks, open knowledge, open hardware;
and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness. 7 However, to date it has failed to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems,
1) the open hardware and free software communities,(2) the community of developers,(3) innovation labs,(4) the open data and open knowledge community,(5) smart citizens,
open hardware and open data infrastructures. The new front page has been redesigned to inspire visitors to learn about DSI and join the map..
A pop-up box appers on the right hand side of the screen which contains a visualisation of the organisations DSI activities
Open Hardware and Open Knowledge need to overcome to scale their work and how they can do this.
we will do it Creation of the best idea internally Best from anywhere Choosing the best ideas among internal and external ideas Role of customers Passive recipients Active co-innovators Core competency Vertically integrated product
and service design Core competitive differentiation and collaborative partner management Innovation success metrics Increased margins/revenues,
facilities, and competences shared among the various actors form the core of ecosystems and define their innovation potential.
Almirall (2013) 4. 3 Communities in the innovation ecosystem In this section, we will refer to six specific communities that have a core role in the European innovation ecosystem.
This typology of communities matches the main technology trends emerging in the grassroots innovation space (e g. open data, open knowledge, open hardware, open networks),
The open hardware and free software communities The open source community is a broad-reaching community of individuals who share an open source philosophy/culture,
Although in the beginning of the movement, a difference between hardware and software did not exist, nowadays,
we distinguish between the open source software community and the open source hardware community. The individuals who participate in the former support the use of open source licenses that make software available for anybody to use
The open source hardware community is formed by individuals that design hardware (that is, tangible artefacts: machines, devices,
and sell the design or hardware based on that design. Often, individuals gather around specific organisations or projects.
This is the case for Arduino, an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software,
Communities Focal actors Enablers Governance Failures Open source hardware and software Open source activists Firms supporting open source activists Communities Open source platforms Peer governance
analysis of the innovation ecosystem The open source hardware and software communities Within this wider community,
the open source software community and the open source hardware community. In both cases, the focal actors are the activists:
and exchanging programming code for software development (the open source hardware activists). Firms, organisations, and not-for-profit communities supporting open source activists are considered enablers within the open source community.
anyone can be part of an open source hardware or an open source software community but in order to be engaged actively,
Communities Instruments Motivations Incentives Open source hardware and software Government contracts and procurement Creating fast growing platforms (companies) Reducing costs (companies) Capturing value (companies) Reputation
Micro level analysis of the innovation ecosystem The open source hardware and software communities In terms of instruments, usually, open source products are free.
However, individuals and for-profit businesses can charge for specialised training or for developing new extensions of the core code.
Open source hardware is not that popular among governments although there a few interesting examples. We have referred already to the Flok Society in Ecuador93.
During 2013, they distributed 3, 000 open hardware kits (the Civic Information Starter Kits), open hardware and software packages for citizen-led environmental data collection supported by a small data platform for analysis and advocacy.
This tool enables civic-minded groups to empirically verify government data and inaugurating a new generation of civic information tools to hold government accountable.
and hardware should not be proprietary goods), community identification (for open source development communities are not communities only in a technical sense of the word but also in terms of identity:
Avenali et al (2010), in their study on open software and hardware innovation platforms, point to economic incentives (that may result in a increase of profit),
test core assumptions and iterate before building out an entire project). In India in March 2014, Vodafone launched its developer platform to empower the community of developers.
Leaving aside portals that display public open data, previously analysed, governments use transparency portals as well,
and open hardware platforms. In many cases, new services cannot be envisaged at the time that these open tools are developed,
European SMES, developers and social innovators are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, open data and analytics faster,
based on open source and open hardware developments. 2. The need for privacy-aware technologies based on trust and ethics is recognised.
or plastic with a chip) into an open source mesh-networked device (a chip with a screen).
For example, Open Knowledge Foundation and Forum Virium are both not part of the core DSI study team
For example research conducted in the context of the DBE IP has highlighted the importance of Regional Catalysts and other intermediary actors such as professional associations or volunteer open source communities.
and the tactic of using Regional Catalysts) as an effective methodology to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development at the regional scale.
Open Energy Monitor; and secondly, online free reuse communities (e g. Freecycle and A provisional framework for analysing relationships between social innovation
and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness. However, today it stills fail to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems,
and open hardware projects like Arduino that is recoluzionising open design and manufacturing;(ii) Participatory mechanisms and open democracy featuring new projects pioneering direct democracy
and open hardware. Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social networking, such as D-CENT and Diaspora,
open hardware and open data infrastructures. The selected organizations have been classified into four types: Different typology of organisations (e g.
The main technological trends the organisations and their activities fit under (open data, open networks, open knowledge, open hardware;
including the types of technologies underpinning DSI services that combine novel technology trends such as distributed networks, knowledge co-production platforms, open data, open hardware, open content,
crowd-mapping, open hardware, open distributed networking, and open knowledge creation to bring people together to solve social challenges, large and small.
and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness. However, today it still fails to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems.
knowledge and hardware not only provide tools for people to collaborate in virtual space but also facilitate the formation and diffusion of novel collaborative solutions offline in the real world.
open source and open hardware developments), leveraging social networks (or distributed social networking, sensor networks and the Internet of things,
the main technological trends the organisations and their activities fit under (open data, open networks, open knowledge, open hardware;
Low-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open source designs are now giving innovators
Recycle are becoming the keywords of the Open Hardware and Makers movement, which implies a combination of different design and technology methods, such as fast prototyping,
The Open Hardware is the backbone of the sharing economy, since it shifts the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation,
The open hardware movement in particular is about how you share knowledge, skills and tools, and how you build communities around your open products.
People working on Open source Hardware are creating new organisations such as the Open source Hardware Association, to open new research avenues and coordinate projects,
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware DIY culture, open source software and open data.
and open hardware. Finally, Github the collaborative service for open software developers is revolutionising the way code is built
These kinds of projects are able to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices,
Hardware Safecast Raspberry Pi Fablab Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Makerfaire New ways of making Participatory mechanisms Sharing economy Awareness networks Open Access 28 Who are involved the organisations in supporting
The work by Your Priorities in Iceland and Open Ministry in Finland on bringing DSI to the core of government by crowdsourcing legislation is another.
Arduino, the open hardware circuit board was developed, for example, originally by students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy.
and 3d printing facilities (often referred to as maker and hacker spaces), for digital fabrication and hacking data that entrepreneurs can access freely.
open source and open access Goteo Communia Open hardware new ways of making and using open hardware solutions
and moving towards and Open source Internet of things Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Safecast Table 9 36 Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of to what extent these emerging technologies are being harnessed by digital social innovation.
Safecast, for example relied on Open Hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on crowdfunding (open knowledge) to fund the development of kit
and digital services adopted by DSI activities such as social networking, social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning,
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed wireless sensors to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
and knowledge to a social network of peers living with similar conditions. 40 Open Hardware Open source hardware consists of hardware
and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardware's source, the design from which it is made,
is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it. Ideally, open source hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure
unrestricted content, and open-source design tools to maximize the ability of individuals to make and use hardware.
Open source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
Core to Arduino is a simple, ultra-low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor,
which can be programmed with simple, open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device.
Building on these open hardware platforms new services like the Smart Citizen Kit, an Arduino based sensor kit have the opportunity to provide even more sophisticated sensor network tools to citizens,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places,
or open knowledge vs. open hardware communities). How Digital social innovation happens The role of noninstitutional actors
In general, European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies as well as national research institutes and traditional universities.
the open hardware approach means that products developed by one part of the community are accessible for all other Arduino users,
open hardware)- What impact they have (what domains, what reach)- We just develop a more compelling visualisation of organisational information
Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities: A network, Operating a DSI service Key facts:
http://arduino. cc/Organisation Name Arduino Short description The core to an Arduino is a simple, ultra-low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor
an Italian engineer and designer, started the Arduino project to enable students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) build all kinds of electronic contraptions using an open-source hardware board.
Arduino is a key player in the international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists and tinkerers.
The arrival of Arduino is said to mark the move from open-source software to open-source hardware.
This is an example of how student scientists are using Arduino-based hardware to replicate scientific equipment using more readily available components in developing countries.
The hardware reference designs (CAD files) are available under an open-source license, and users are free to adapt them to their needs.
While the hardware used to power Arduino is open-source, Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
'Arduino has in many senses heralded a paradigm shift from open-source software alone to open-source hardware.
Correspondingly, Arduino's low economic threshold has removed a lot of potential barriers to users previously excluded from getting involved in D. I. Y. hardware
and robotics the availability of Arduino hardware design blueprints for download has meant users who ordinarily might not have been able to afford
one of these Arduino@Heart is the Smart Citizen Kit a hardware kit to gather environmental data,
because the Arduino board is a piece of open source hardware, free for anyone to use,
Creative Commons Licensing Arduino release all of the original design files (Eagle CAD) for the Arduino hardware.
Open source Software Not only the Arduino hardware is open; the Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities: Operating a DSI service Key facts: Approximately 28 Million Users Worldwide.
'History and core mission Avaaz which literally means voice in several European, Middle Eastern and Asian languages launched in 2007 with a simple democratic mission:‘
is served by a small core team of 52 full-time staff worldwide, has thousands of volunteers in all 192 UN member states,
and Arbor networks (who provided defensive hardware which helped fend off the attack) all supported the organisation throughout the attack,
Open Network, Open Data, Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: A Network Key facts: Citysdk consist of 23 partners, 9 countries, 3 open source APIS Website:
DSI network effect Through the apps and services it is developing Citysdk aim is to build smart services where user generated data make up the core activity of the service.
History and Mission The Commons 4 EU project was started in 2011 with an initial core team of 7 cities:
community networks are built often with simple and low cost off-the-shelf hardware. The nodes are usually running an open source distribution
community networks are built often with simple low cost off-the-shelf hardware. The characteristics of heterogeneity, required network neutrality, openness and size of these networks are a great challenge to routing protocols and their implementation on low-cost devices.
Open networks, Open data, Open knowledge, Open hardware DSI activities: Research project, network, operating web service providing education & training Key facts:
It will host a modular system based on two hardware components: a smartphone controlling the data acquisition and a modular sensor box with several pluggable sensors.
Along with sensors, human beings can act as a probe to monitor many phenomena, especially in the environmental area.
Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: A network, hosting makerspace/hackerspace, providing education & training Key facts:
Fablab Amsterdam is also part of a global network of standardised open hardware setups. Type of organisation Fablab Amsterdam is part of the international Fablab community (there are now Fablabs in most parts of the world, from inner-city Boston through to rural India, South africa and the North of Norway.
Fablab Amsterdam uses digital fabrication to create an open hardware environment, and builds an open network based on that, in
The digital fabrication include machines such as, Laser cutter, Milling machine, Vinyl Cutter, Embroidery Machine, 3d printer, Thermal Cycler, Microscope, Centrifuge, Spectrometer, Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary
The network also makes it possible for people to attend the Fab Academy from all over the world. 108 Open Hardware and Open philosophy:
and is based on open source design and open hardware such as Arduino. One example of this is Alignment laser,
Before the Fablab people with a DIY interest wouldn't have been able to access the technology and machines in the lab such as 3d printers and laser cutters.
Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: product and research Key facts: 25,000 phones sold in less than 6 months. 50,000 followers on Facebook.
it also succeeded in attracting support from developers, a hacklab space for working, a 3d printer for prototyping, volunteer testers for their prototype solutions,
A core criteria for Goteo is that all campaigns the platform helps have to meet a cultural, scientific, educational, technological or ecological objective.
for example on the Arduino Open Hardware board. Other projects, like the Tuderechoasaber an online platform for accessing
printing and office supplies; website fees; travel expenses and Welsh translation services. Recently, Landshare. net has decided to run a trial to test the inclusion of some‘contextual advertising'to help pay for the continued development and maintenance of its website.
and use. 130 At the core of Liquid Feedback sit an ambition to create a platform that addresses the gap between representative democracies where people elect representatives to represent
Open networks, Open hardware DSI activities: Organising an event Key facts: 165,000 people attended the two flagship Maker Faires in in 2012.30,000 people attended the Rome 2013 Mini Maker Faire Website:
Topics and areas include electronics, 3d printing, technological product demo, design, craft, sustainability and domestic arts,
social networks, crowdsourcing and 3d printing, and the benefit of participating in such open innovation environments for DIY product designers.
Lots of products or projects that will be shown in Maker Faire have a strong focus on using digital social innovation technology such as open hardware,
Attendees at Makerfaire showcase and work on a wide range of soft and hardware, some of the most popular and frequent of these include open hardware such as Arduino micro controller and personal 3d printing.
Several advantages of open source hardware show its importance to the Maker Faire community: Help streamline the design Makers can reduce risk by basing designs on open-source hardware
and taking advantage of a proven design that has operated successfully in the past. Thus, they can work from a known starting point
and easily see what's there, what's missing, and what is unnecessary. It saves development time.
Giving back Open-source hardware is about sharing work with others for everyone's benefit. It is beneficial for all parties to provide upgrades
When a user adds a function to hardware it affects the software, which adds a reason to enhance
Low cost access open hardware gives grassroots audience the ability to turn their ideas into products or services,
There are also many applicable business models for implementing some open-source hardware even in traditional firms. For example, to accelerate development
The core features of this website are: 139 A structured database that links people to places, organisations and roles.
It's an accessible display all of the members of a particular house of parliament, all of the elected representatives of particular areas and even all of the politicians who attended a specific college.
To grow the open-source communities around some of their core websites and components so that they are of ever greater value to larger numbers of people.
History and core mission The overarching purpose of Open Ministry is to help citizens and NGOS with national citizens'initiatives
They purport that the peer-learning aspect could be made even stronger through the addition of design elements in the process and on the crowdsourcing hardware.
For instance, Pekkanen is a member of the Open Government Partnership committee in Finland, sitting on the Open Knowledge Finland Core Team,
The core business of Opencorporates is to collect data on companies through web scraping tools
Open data sit at the core of all Opencorporates work. This is both a tool to scrape,
tablet or other compatible device, helps turn the hardware into a router. Working with similarly equipped devices within a range of approximately 20 meters,
Its core activities are focusing on using the web and online technologies to better open
driven by digital fabrication tools like 3dprinters, facilities like Fablabs, open source hardware designs and DIY communities.
its core focus is on furthering advancements in P2p Technology-networks in which interconnected nodes (peers) share resources amongst each other without the use of a centralized administrative system.
Are they different according to different core domains? No information available What really helps reach goals/how to overcome these barriers?
The core service of Peerby is the online platform which enables users to borrow and share anything from trumpets to laptop chargers with their neighbours.
Raspberry Pi is a simple computing device that looks like a motherboard with the mounted chips
These are defined as devices that wrap computing peripherals around a cellphone hardware core; meaning that such devices can be produced for just a few tens of dollars.
Typically this sort of processor was used in mobile phones five years ago. Apart from the graphics processor, which is propriety to Broadcom,
the Raspberry Pi is completely open source, which helps to keep costs down. From the circuit schematics to the applications and the operating system, anyone can examine
With regard to Raspberry Pi's hardware, the board's low cost was made possible thanks to advances in integration that have shrunk effectively all the components of a desktop computer into a single silicon chip.
and a Wi-fi dongle, allowing for the MP4 lectures that make up the core of Khan academy's material to be brought to areas with poor Internet connectivity.
Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities: An event, A network, Running/hosting maker spaces
designing and developing hardware, building a community, collecting and sharing open data, as well as educating, without input from government.
and developing open hardware and software. Safecast describes itself as not being anti nuclear, or pro nuclear but pro data.
Open hardware such as Arduino forms part of the actual build of the Geiger counter, crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter have been used to raise funding for developing different versions of the Geiger counter
Open Hardware: The hardware developed by Safecast is open source and, in their own words, people who buy it are free‘to open,
manipulate, hack, break and or improve anything, 'and it uses open hardware such as Arduino in the build of its sensors.
As described earlier it has used Hackathons at Tokyo Hackerspace to design and build devices, such as the bgeigie.
Whilst it has used open hardware and open source approaches to develop the original prototype Geiger counters, Crowdfunding has been crucial in the funding
and hardware as well as social media has been instrumental in the success of Safecast. In addition to this, it can be argued that the success of the network was a combination of the identified unmet need,
Open Networks, Open Data, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities: A network, operating a web service Key facts:
http://smartcitizen. me/Organisation Name Fablab Barcelona Short description The Smart Citizen Kit is a set of tools (mostly sensors) built on an Arduino open hardware platform.
History and mission There are two core aims of the Smartcitizen projects. Firstly it wants to produce new types of data and information
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the‘kit'itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
The Smart Citizen Kit itself is a an electronic board based on the open hardware solution Arduino,
and their aim with the kit is a focus on the use of digital technology and open hardware for the development of a citizen based platform for the city.
designs and develops open hardware, which is also open source. The team also operates an open network,
Open Hardware: The Smart Citizen Kit itself is built on the Arduino open hardware board. Open Data and Open source:
The web platform is developed with Open-Streetmap, Leaflet, Raphaël, jquery, Cakephp, and many more. The actual project is open source and available on the open source platform Github.
The second round of crowdfunding helped the Smart Citizen team achieve their aim of purchasing bulk orders of hardware components to offer kits at the lowest possible costs
developing additional features for the smartphone app to interact with the hardware, and finalizing a 3d-printable, resilient enclosure.
Advancements in Tor's core technologies including real-time voice and video over the Tor network, improving usability, security and anonymity,
Some of its product offerings such as Crowdmap enable users to operate outside of traditional communication barriers to potentially monitor elections, map crisis information or curate local resources.
There is also evidence that the volunteer geo-location services offered by the UHP core team were useful for SAR efforts,
Running a core API that serves many projects relies very much upon the maintenance and health of that application.
Your Priorities Meiraha Communia Open Knowledge Foundation P2p Foundation mysociety Open Hardware Safecast Raspberry Pi Fairphone Fablab Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino
and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness. However, today it stills fail to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems,
and open hardware projects like Arduino that is recoluzionising open design and manufacturing;(ii) Participatory mechanisms and open democracy featuring new projects pioneering direct democracy
and open hardware. Other projects are exploring the potential of federated social networking, such as D-CENT and Diaspora,
open hardware and open data infrastructures. The selected organizations have been classified into four types: Different typology of organisations (e g.
The main technological trends the organisations and their activities fit under (open data, open networks, open knowledge, open hardware;
including the types of technologies underpinning DSI services that combine novel technology trends such as distributed networks, knowledge co-production platforms, open data, open hardware, open content,
crowd-mapping, open hardware, open distributed networking, and open knowledge creation to bring people together to solve social challenges, large and small.
and open hardware, can potentially serve collective action and awareness. However, today it still fails to deliver anticipated solutions to tackle large-scale problems.
knowledge and hardware not only provide tools for people to collaborate in virtual space but also facilitate the formation and diffusion of novel collaborative solutions offline in the real world.
open source and open hardware developments), leveraging social networks (or distributed social networking, sensor networks and the Internet of things,
the main technological trends the organisations and their activities fit under (open data, open networks, open knowledge, open hardware;
Low-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open source designs are now giving innovators
Recycle are becoming the keywords of the Open Hardware and Makers movement, which implies a combination of different design and technology methods, such as fast prototyping,
The Open Hardware is the backbone of the sharing economy, since it shifts the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation,
The open hardware movement in particular is about how you share knowledge, skills and tools, and how you build communities around your open products.
People working on Open source Hardware are creating new organisations such as the Open source Hardware Association, to open new research avenues and coordinate projects,
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware DIY culture, open source software and open data.
and open hardware. Finally, Github the collaborative service for open software developers is revolutionising the way code is built
These kinds of projects are able to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices,
Hardware Safecast Raspberry Pi Fablab Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Makerfaire New ways of making Participatory mechanisms Sharing economy Awareness networks Open Access 28 Who are involved the organisations in supporting
The work by Your Priorities in Iceland and Open Ministry in Finland on bringing DSI to the core of government by crowdsourcing legislation is another.
Arduino, the open hardware circuit board was developed, for example, originally by students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Italy.
and 3d printing facilities (often referred to as maker and hacker spaces), for digital fabrication and hacking data that entrepreneurs can access freely.
open source and open access Goteo Communia Open hardware new ways of making and using open hardware solutions
and moving towards and Open source Internet of things Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Safecast Table 9 36 Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of to what extent these emerging technologies are being harnessed by digital social innovation.
Safecast, for example relied on Open Hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on crowdfunding (open knowledge) to fund the development of kit
and digital services adopted by DSI activities such as social networking, social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning,
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed wireless sensors to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
and knowledge to a social network of peers living with similar conditions. 40 Open Hardware Open source hardware consists of hardware
and sell the design or hardware based on that design. The hardware's source, the design from which it is made,
is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it. Ideally, open source hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure
unrestricted content, and open-source design tools to maximize the ability of individuals to make and use hardware.
Open source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
Core to Arduino is a simple, ultra-low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor,
which can be programmed with simple, open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device.
Building on these open hardware platforms new services like the Smart Citizen Kit, an Arduino based sensor kit have the opportunity to provide even more sophisticated sensor network tools to citizens,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places,
or open knowledge vs. open hardware communities). How Digital social innovation happens The role of noninstitutional actors
In general, European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies as well as national research institutes and traditional universities.
the open hardware approach means that products developed by one part of the community are accessible for all other Arduino users,
open hardware)- What impact they have (what domains, what reach)- We just develop a more compelling visualisation of organisational information
Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities: A network, Operating a DSI service Key facts:
http://arduino. cc/Organisation Name Arduino Short description The core to an Arduino is a simple, ultra-low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor
an Italian engineer and designer, started the Arduino project to enable students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) build all kinds of electronic contraptions using an open-source hardware board.
Arduino is a key player in the international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists and tinkerers.
The arrival of Arduino is said to mark the move from open-source software to open-source hardware.
This is an example of how student scientists are using Arduino-based hardware to replicate scientific equipment using more readily available components in developing countries.
The hardware reference designs (CAD files) are available under an open-source license, and users are free to adapt them to their needs.
While the hardware used to power Arduino is open-source, Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
'Arduino has in many senses heralded a paradigm shift from open-source software alone to open-source hardware.
Correspondingly, Arduino's low economic threshold has removed a lot of potential barriers to users previously excluded from getting involved in D. I. Y. hardware
and robotics the availability of Arduino hardware design blueprints for download has meant users who ordinarily might not have been able to afford
one of these Arduino@Heart is the Smart Citizen Kit a hardware kit to gather environmental data,
because the Arduino board is a piece of open source hardware, free for anyone to use,
Creative Commons Licensing Arduino release all of the original design files (Eagle CAD) for the Arduino hardware.
Open source Software Not only the Arduino hardware is open; the Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
Open Networks, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities: Operating a DSI service Key facts: Approximately 28 Million Users Worldwide.
'History and core mission Avaaz which literally means voice in several European, Middle Eastern and Asian languages launched in 2007 with a simple democratic mission:‘
is served by a small core team of 52 full-time staff worldwide, has thousands of volunteers in all 192 UN member states,
and Arbor networks (who provided defensive hardware which helped fend off the attack) all supported the organisation throughout the attack,
Open Network, Open Data, Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: A Network Key facts: Citysdk consist of 23 partners, 9 countries, 3 open source APIS Website:
DSI network effect Through the apps and services it is developing Citysdk aim is to build smart services where user generated data make up the core activity of the service.
History and Mission The Commons 4 EU project was started in 2011 with an initial core team of 7 cities:
community networks are built often with simple and low cost off-the-shelf hardware. The nodes are usually running an open source distribution
community networks are built often with simple low cost off-the-shelf hardware. The characteristics of heterogeneity, required network neutrality, openness and size of these networks are a great challenge to routing protocols and their implementation on low-cost devices.
Open networks, Open data, Open knowledge, Open hardware DSI activities: Research project, network, operating web service providing education & training Key facts:
It will host a modular system based on two hardware components: a smartphone controlling the data acquisition and a modular sensor box with several pluggable sensors.
Along with sensors, human beings can act as a probe to monitor many phenomena, especially in the environmental area.
Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: A network, hosting makerspace/hackerspace, providing education & training Key facts:
Fablab Amsterdam is also part of a global network of standardised open hardware setups. Type of organisation Fablab Amsterdam is part of the international Fablab community (there are now Fablabs in most parts of the world, from inner-city Boston through to rural India, South africa and the North of Norway.
Fablab Amsterdam uses digital fabrication to create an open hardware environment, and builds an open network based on that, in
The digital fabrication include machines such as, Laser cutter, Milling machine, Vinyl Cutter, Embroidery Machine, 3d printer, Thermal Cycler, Microscope, Centrifuge, Spectrometer, Incubator, Autoclave, Rotary
The network also makes it possible for people to attend the Fab Academy from all over the world. 108 Open Hardware and Open philosophy:
and is based on open source design and open hardware such as Arduino. One example of this is Alignment laser,
Before the Fablab people with a DIY interest wouldn't have been able to access the technology and machines in the lab such as 3d printers and laser cutters.
Open Hardware, Open Knowledge DSI activities: product and research Key facts: 25,000 phones sold in less than 6 months. 50,000 followers on Facebook.
it also succeeded in attracting support from developers, a hacklab space for working, a 3d printer for prototyping, volunteer testers for their prototype solutions,
A core criteria for Goteo is that all campaigns the platform helps have to meet a cultural, scientific, educational, technological or ecological objective.
for example on the Arduino Open Hardware board. Other projects, like the Tuderechoasaber an online platform for accessing
printing and office supplies; website fees; travel expenses and Welsh translation services. Recently, Landshare. net has decided to run a trial to test the inclusion of some‘contextual advertising'to help pay for the continued development and maintenance of its website.
and use. 130 At the core of Liquid Feedback sit an ambition to create a platform that addresses the gap between representative democracies where people elect representatives to represent
Open networks, Open hardware DSI activities: Organising an event Key facts: 165,000 people attended the two flagship Maker Faires in in 2012.30,000 people attended the Rome 2013 Mini Maker Faire Website:
Topics and areas include electronics, 3d printing, technological product demo, design, craft, sustainability and domestic arts,
social networks, crowdsourcing and 3d printing, and the benefit of participating in such open innovation environments for DIY product designers.
Lots of products or projects that will be shown in Maker Faire have a strong focus on using digital social innovation technology such as open hardware,
Attendees at Makerfaire showcase and work on a wide range of soft and hardware, some of the most popular and frequent of these include open hardware such as Arduino micro controller and personal 3d printing.
Several advantages of open source hardware show its importance to the Maker Faire community: Help streamline the design Makers can reduce risk by basing designs on open-source hardware
and taking advantage of a proven design that has operated successfully in the past. Thus, they can work from a known starting point
and easily see what's there, what's missing, and what is unnecessary. It saves development time.
Giving back Open-source hardware is about sharing work with others for everyone's benefit. It is beneficial for all parties to provide upgrades
When a user adds a function to hardware it affects the software, which adds a reason to enhance
Low cost access open hardware gives grassroots audience the ability to turn their ideas into products or services,
There are also many applicable business models for implementing some open-source hardware even in traditional firms. For example, to accelerate development
The core features of this website are: 139 A structured database that links people to places, organisations and roles.
It's an accessible display all of the members of a particular house of parliament, all of the elected representatives of particular areas and even all of the politicians who attended a specific college.
To grow the open-source communities around some of their core websites and components so that they are of ever greater value to larger numbers of people.
History and core mission The overarching purpose of Open Ministry is to help citizens and NGOS with national citizens'initiatives
They purport that the peer-learning aspect could be made even stronger through the addition of design elements in the process and on the crowdsourcing hardware.
For instance, Pekkanen is a member of the Open Government Partnership committee in Finland, sitting on the Open Knowledge Finland Core Team,
The core business of Opencorporates is to collect data on companies through web scraping tools
Open data sit at the core of all Opencorporates work. This is both a tool to scrape,
tablet or other compatible device, helps turn the hardware into a router. Working with similarly equipped devices within a range of approximately 20 meters,
Its core activities are focusing on using the web and online technologies to better open
driven by digital fabrication tools like 3dprinters, facilities like Fablabs, open source hardware designs and DIY communities.
its core focus is on furthering advancements in P2p Technology-networks in which interconnected nodes (peers) share resources amongst each other without the use of a centralized administrative system.
Are they different according to different core domains? No information available What really helps reach goals/how to overcome these barriers?
The core service of Peerby is the online platform which enables users to borrow and share anything from trumpets to laptop chargers with their neighbours.
Raspberry Pi is a simple computing device that looks like a motherboard with the mounted chips
These are defined as devices that wrap computing peripherals around a cellphone hardware core; meaning that such devices can be produced for just a few tens of dollars.
Typically this sort of processor was used in mobile phones five years ago. Apart from the graphics processor, which is propriety to Broadcom,
the Raspberry Pi is completely open source, which helps to keep costs down. From the circuit schematics to the applications and the operating system, anyone can examine
With regard to Raspberry Pi's hardware, the board's low cost was made possible thanks to advances in integration that have shrunk effectively all the components of a desktop computer into a single silicon chip.
and a Wi-fi dongle, allowing for the MP4 lectures that make up the core of Khan academy's material to be brought to areas with poor Internet connectivity.
Open Networks, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Knowledge DSI activities: An event, A network, Running/hosting maker spaces
designing and developing hardware, building a community, collecting and sharing open data, as well as educating, without input from government.
and developing open hardware and software. Safecast describes itself as not being anti nuclear, or pro nuclear but pro data.
Open hardware such as Arduino forms part of the actual build of the Geiger counter, crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter have been used to raise funding for developing different versions of the Geiger counter
Open Hardware: The hardware developed by Safecast is open source and, in their own words, people who buy it are free‘to open,
manipulate, hack, break and or improve anything, 'and it uses open hardware such as Arduino in the build of its sensors.
As described earlier it has used Hackathons at Tokyo Hackerspace to design and build devices, such as the bgeigie.
Whilst it has used open hardware and open source approaches to develop the original prototype Geiger counters, Crowdfunding has been crucial in the funding
and hardware as well as social media has been instrumental in the success of Safecast. In addition to this, it can be argued that the success of the network was a combination of the identified unmet need,
Open Networks, Open Data, Open Knowledge, Open Hardware DSI activities: A network, operating a web service Key facts:
http://smartcitizen. me/Organisation Name Fablab Barcelona Short description The Smart Citizen Kit is a set of tools (mostly sensors) built on an Arduino open hardware platform.
History and mission There are two core aims of the Smartcitizen projects. Firstly it wants to produce new types of data and information
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the‘kit'itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
The Smart Citizen Kit itself is a an electronic board based on the open hardware solution Arduino,
and their aim with the kit is a focus on the use of digital technology and open hardware for the development of a citizen based platform for the city.
designs and develops open hardware, which is also open source. The team also operates an open network,
Open Hardware: The Smart Citizen Kit itself is built on the Arduino open hardware board. Open Data and Open source:
The web platform is developed with Open-Streetmap, Leaflet, Raphaël, jquery, Cakephp, and many more. The actual project is open source and available on the open source platform Github.
The second round of crowdfunding helped the Smart Citizen team achieve their aim of purchasing bulk orders of hardware components to offer kits at the lowest possible costs
developing additional features for the smartphone app to interact with the hardware, and finalizing a 3d-printable, resilient enclosure.
Advancements in Tor's core technologies including real-time voice and video over the Tor network, improving usability, security and anonymity,
Some of its product offerings such as Crowdmap enable users to operate outside of traditional communication barriers to potentially monitor elections, map crisis information or curate local resources.
There is also evidence that the volunteer geo-location services offered by the UHP core team were useful for SAR efforts,
Running a core API that serves many projects relies very much upon the maintenance and health of that application.
Your Priorities Meiraha Communia Open Knowledge Foundation P2p Foundation mysociety Open Hardware Safecast Raspberry Pi Fairphone Fablab Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino
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