Core issues are 1 . What are the ambitions of Smart Specialisation when it comes to transformation of RIS in a way
and communication, consisting of definitions of core concepts for analysis and planning. In this way, S3 provides a framework for dialog on regional development opportunities and challenges between regional development policymakers inside regions and between regional planners in different countries...
If your core industries are moving away, you have to consider the regional framework conditions
Core issues is to identify regions which well-developed triple helix connectivity, and use they to identify what king of changes you need to make,
At his point, it is a good idea to involve core decision making institutions in making the hard choices,
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 24 Nanotechnology and engineering Printing and reproduction of recorded media Repair and installation of machinery and equipment Rubber and plastic products Textiles
and printing Other manufacturing, and repair and installation of machinery and equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment n e c.
and to what extent must they be reflected in the core network? We would propose that the DAE objectives should be interpreted such that networks are designed to provide performance that consumers perceive as acceptable for the applications that they want to run.
and to what extent must they be reflected in the core network? We would propose that the DAE objectives should be interpreted such that networks are designed to provide performance that consumers perceive as acceptable for the applications that they want to run.
and the core networks that connect those access networks to one another and to the world.
The policy implications for broadband access networks and for the core networks that support them at national and European level include:
and the degree to which bandwidth demands differ from those of fixed network users (due, for example, to smaller screen size).
Screen Digest (2010), WIK calculations. Content 80-100%60-80%40-60%20-40%0-20%37.
Screen Digest (2011. Meanwhile, the gap between cable coverage and cable broadband penetration represents a significant opportunity for Europe and for the industry.
Screen Digest (2011), WIK calculations. 99.2 97.3 92.2 88.8 88.8 86.9 86.4 86.2 85.7 80.6 78.6 76.0 75.8 69.8 65.7
Core network Concentration network MPOPFIBRE Hub Amplifiers Coaxial cabling Active analog equipment optical cabling Coaxial cabling (inhouse) CMTS CMTS Cable Modem Termination System
moreover at its core in the belief, or at least the hope, that increasing competition would in time obviate the need for regulation that primarily responds to the presence or absence of Significant Market Power (SMP).
but also mobile broadband technologies such as LTE. 85 They go on to provide concrete examples of their intent to threaten the core business of cable operators,
http://ec. europa. eu/information society/policy/ecomm/doc/library/public consult/cost accounting/56 rtr. pdf. Screen Digest (2010:
Screen Digest (2011: European Broadband Cable 2011, August. Thompson, H. and C. Garbacz (2008: Broadband impacts on State GDP:
which lie at the core of ICT-ELI, require content and curricula that are customised open,
in order to facilitate the innovative teaching and learning practices that lie at the core of ICT-ELI.
"Innovative pedagogical practices made possible by the use of ICT lie at the core of learning innovations
Recent research reveals that increased and wide-ranging connectedness lies at the core of ICT-ELI with significant scale and/or impact (Kampylis, Law, et al.
manage, and display individual patient data can be difficult to implement particularly in low-resource settings,
They designed and built an innovative hardware and software system using touch screen clinical workstations which collected individual patient information,
analysed the data and presented information on national protocols. They demonstrated that the system could efficiently
Several core aspects of ehealth implementation are crucial. The first is need the to ensure that data are exchangeable.
Electronic transmission Data formats Data format Analysis of survey results 33 Aggregate patient data Aggregate patient data provide the core data on which regions
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative7 is engaged an organization in the development of interoperable metadata standards, architecture, and modelling.
Touchscreen clinical workstations at the point of care: guiding protocols and managing data in Malawi.
Using touchscreen electronic medical record systems to support and monitor national scale up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.
This centralized repository of information describes the characteristics of data used to design, monitor, document, protect,
That is why the Commission has created a set of additional directives to complete these objectives. 3. 1. 3 Monitoring Progress Regarding SMES, the European commission monitors progress in the fields of research and development and innovation,
& Innovation Strategy for the Midwest Region of Ireland 2014-2018 Cluster Development Cluster development involves identifying the Region's core competence
which has been designated as a European TEN-T Core port. The ports of the Estuary are the third largest in Ireland by tonnage.
identifying the Region's core competences and putting formal structures in place to maximise the potential of those competences.
A cluster must be based around the core competencies of the region. This is a critical element of their successful development.
Industry/businesses are at the core of every cluster; Public bodies/government agencies make policy decisions
and analysis in the Midwest Region to identify the core regional competence; To secure public funding to engage a Cluster Facilitator to identify regional opportunities for collaboration
Its core feature is the ICT Development Index (IDI which ranks countries'performance with regard to ICT infrastructure, use and skills.
whereas The americas region displays the lowest growth in fixed broadband, estimated at 2. 5 per cent and reaching a penetration rate of around 17 per cent by end 2014.
and reducing expenses associated with the printing and distribution of textbooks. The benefits are particularly attractive for remote schools
Its core list of 57 ICT indicators, covering many aspects of the information society and economy, is used widely by countries in the course of their national ICT data collection.
How can big data complement existing ICT statistics to better monitor information-society developments? Which type of data from ICT companies are most useful and for which purposes?
The definitions of the following core indicators of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development included in the IDI were revised at a meeting of EGH held in Brazil in June 2013.3 Percentage of individuals using the Internet:
The use sub-index also displays the widest range and the lowest average value (3. 19.
One of the core projects of the Qatar National Broadband Network is the deployment of a fibre-optic network infrastructure. 33 Chart 2. 1:
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation also displays a significant Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI) 74 Box 2. 4:
The use of smartphones to capture essential data on the patients and monitor their treatment has accelerated progress.
Europe displays by far the highest average IDI value of 7. 14. The regional IDI values of the CIS (5. 33), The americas (4. 86), Asia and the Pacific (4. 57) and Arab States (4. 55) are relatively close to each other.
and monitor the liberalized electronic communication markets (ITU, 2013b). ) Regulators have thus become the custodians of competition in telecommunication services at the country level.
6 monitor prescription drug use (Simmering, Polgreen and Polgreen, 2014), predict unemployment claims in the United states (Choi and Varian, 2009) and Germany (Askitas and Zimmermann, 2009),
axle counters, parking occupancy monitors, CCTV, integrated public transport card readers and GPS data derived not only from phones but also from public transport and private vehicles (Amini, Bouillet, Calabrese, Gasparini
An internationally-accepted and widely-adopted list of indicators is the core list of ICT indicators developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development,
Some of these indicators are amenable for augmentation using big data analytics. 25 The core indicators on ICT infrastructure
one of the core indicators reflects the types of online activity pursued by Internet users, and includes response categories such as seeking health information,
of core ICT indicators refer to 2014 edition of the Manual for Measuring ICT Access
/tit/en/bigdatachallenge/contest. html. 32 More information about the Yale university Open Data (YODA) project can be found at http://medicine. yale. edu/core/projects/yodap/index
For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sector antenna. 46 A media access control (MAC) address is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces mostly by a hardware manufacturer.
It excludes subscriptions via data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services,
either as a standalone service (e g. using a data card such as a USB modem/dongle) or as an add-on data package to voice services
i. 1 GB for USB/dongle (computer-based) subscriptions ii. 500 MB for handset-based subscriptions.
but excl. mobile data subscriptions (via data cards, USB modems and M2m cards). 7) Estimate. 8) Incl. data-only subscriptions. 9) Data based on NRA estimates.
USB modems and dongles, mobile broadband(>256kbps at least in one direction up to HSPA+),Wimax, Pre Wimax, SID and satellite. 6) Change in definition, break in comparability. 7
and a core strategic consideration, 81%believe their companies will be somewhat or much more competitive in two years.
The company has failed multiple times to become an important provider of mobile processors, including turning down the opportunity to provide chips for the original iphone.
Now, Intel believes it needs a more collaborative culture to help it gain an edge in mobile processors.
and services forming Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Page 17 of 170 the core infrastructure Migration of the already existent services (both those directed towards citizens and those used as internal use) of different public
in the long-term Better Public Administration Poor administrative capacity is a core concern for Romania
2 http://www. cert-ro. eu/files/doc/Strategiadesecuritateciberneticaaromaniei. pdf Page 46 of 170 Freedom and openness The laws, norms and EU's core values
Heterogeneous security solutions which reflect in greater security risk Granular purchase of hardware and software solutions does not provide transparency on governmental level.
and services forming the core infrastructure (Enabler) Migration of the already existent services (both those directed towards citizens
including hardware, software and operations Reduction of costs for the migration of services towards new platforms Reduction of the number of applications and services (redundant) in the public sector Reduction of the time and cost for procurement of new
The final goals of the open data movement are similar to those of other"Open"movements such as open source, open hardware, open content,
97%of the Romanian GP practices use a computer during a patient consultation and 65%of them use the computer to electronic storage of individual medical patient data. 7 Romania displays its best
Stakeholders Responsibilities The European commission Monitors progress towards the implementation of the Commission's Recommendations Facilitates the exchange of information and good practices of MS policies and strategies Europeana Foundation Runs the Europeana. eu
and the rest of 28.0%is assigned to the Hardware sub-sector. At the beginning of 2011 in Romania, 14,595 of SMES activated in the ITC field, representing approximately 3%of the total of SMES registered and active in Romania in the same period of time.
acquisition of hardware and software does not provide transparency at governmental level Opportunities Threats and constraints The development of an infrastructure for the egovernment of the public services The increase of the public services utilisation degree which are available in the online media The preparation of the coordinated implementation of intra-communitarian projects,
and Enabler lines of actions Monitor This phase in the lifecycle of an initiative will check progress against the planned targets
Define Execute Control Monitor Statement Current dimension Current Performance Policy Context Process Analysis Information Analysis Priority setup Express Vision Prioritize initiatives Guiding Principles
the public administration will ensure that all the efforts are channeled to a cohesive strategy Government Enterprise Architecture the core initiative for egovernment Creating the legislation
%and the weight of wood processing, the paper and printing industries (2001: 3. 5%,%2013: 2. 6%)as well as the textiles, clothing and leather industries (2001: 3. 2%,2013: 1. 2%)decreased.
Agricultural innovation agriculture, forestry, hunting, aquaculture and water management, horticultural technologies, agricultural biotechnology The agriculture sector is traditionally present in Hungary and displays outstanding RDI activities.
system cloud computing intelligent transport development of mobile applications, location-based services 3d GIS bioinformatics Internet of things 3d printing future internet 5g technologies remote
It monitors the process implementation and the realisation of the targets of the given programme;
Open Hardware Open Networks Open Data and Open Knowledge Open hardware: These projects are inspired by the global do-it-yourself maker movement and the spread of maker spaces.
They make digital hardware available for people to adapt, hack and shape into tools for social change.
is one example of the potential of open hardware. It was founded in March 2011 as a response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan and frustration over the lack of government transparency about local radiation levels.
Using the Arduino, an open hardware circuit board with a microprocessor Safecast built their own Geiger counters.
These combine novel technology trends such as open data, open hardware, open networks, and open knowledge;
and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network Open Networks Open Knowledge Open Data Open Hardware Organisations More Filters Screenshot of the crowdmap www
Beyond the Internet, many new technologies such as open hardware may have positive network externalities. This network effect applies in a straightforward manner for some services such as social networking sites like Facebook,
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
The development of open data, federated identity, bottom-up wireless and sensor networks, open hardware and distributed social networks can potentially serve collective action and awareness.
open hardware) 4. The area of society the organisations and their activities operate and seek an impact in.
Open Knowledge, Open Hardware, Open Data, Open Network. 4 Areas of Society: Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
Recycle are becoming the keywords of the open hardware and makers movement, which embodies a combination of different design and technology methods,
Open hardware seeks to shift the attention away from consumption and resource exploitation, to the creation of new capacities to build the products that people consume according to a set of shared ethics and principles.
The open hardware movement in particular is about how people share knowledge, skills and tools, and how you build communities around open products.
People working on open source hardware are creating new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate research projects,
such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
from grassroots movements, think-tanks and universities to big charities and public museums are hosting small-scale workshop spaces often with digital tools and 3d printing facilities (maker spaces and hacker spaces.
built on the Arduino open hardware board. The team turned to‘the crowd'via crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter,
open data, free and open software and open hardware. Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising the way code is built,
These kinds of projects are able to combine open hardware technologies with new learning methods to experiment with new educational practices,
and open hardware. Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of the extent these emerging technologies, 2. 4 TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN DIGITAL SOCIAL INNOVATION such as open data, open networks,
open hardware and open knowledge, are being harnessed by digital social innovation. Below we provide a more detailed description of how these trends can be defined,
for example relied on open hardware to build the first Geiger counter sensor kit, on Crowdfunding to fund the development of kit,
social media, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, big data, machine learning, 3d printing, online learning and e-petitions. The main technological trends in DSI 0100 200 300 400 Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Safecast OPEN NETWORKS Tor Confine Guifi. net Smart
) 412 269 258 105 OPEN HARDWARE Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 39 The ability to build bottom-up networking capabilities in every corner
A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed wireless sensors to monitor physical conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
and then deploy, run, monitor Innovative combinations of network solutions and infrastructures, e g. sensor networks, free interoperable network services, open Wifi, bottom-up-broadband, distributed social networks,
and more generally the hacking culture of sharing skills and knowledge. 46 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Arduino OPEN HARDWARE OPEN HARDWARE new ways of making
and using open hardware solutions and moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware
whose blueprints are made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, extend and sell the design or hardware based on that design.
The hardware's source, the design from which it is made, is available in the preferred format for making modifications to it.
Ideally open-source hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure, unrestricted content and open-source design tools to maximise the ability of individuals to make
and use hardware. Open-source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
The core to Arduino is a simple, ultra low-cost circuit board, based on an open-source design, armed with a microprocessor
which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
In 2005, Massimo Banzi, an Italian engineer and designer, started the Arduino project to enable students at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) to build electronic devices using an open-source hardware board.
Arduino has grown to become popular, selling more than one million units to date, largely because of its creators'decision to make the board's design‘open source,
'along with its quick adoption by the international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs. This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social
innovation initiatives relying on open hardware, such as Safecast and the Smart Citizen Kit. The Smart Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 47 Smart Citizen Kit OPEN HARDWARE Citizen Kit is based an Arduino sensor kit that provides sophisticated sensor
network tools to citizens, enabling the measurement of levels of air pollution, noise pollution or air humidity in the vicinity of a private home, school or office.
The Smart Citizen Kit is based on two core components; the‘kit'itself and the platform used to share data between people operating a kit.
and Amsterdam in The netherlands, have shown an interest in supporting citizens to monitor environmental data and have launched city pilots using the Smart Citizen Kit.
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places,
ways of making Funding acceleration and incubation Open democracy Open access Collaborative economy Awarness network TECHNOLOGY AREAS Open Hardware
The largest community (10.29 per cent) is focussed around open hardware and open networks and includes organisations such as iminds, Fairphone, the City of Amsterdam,
Interestingly, although the open hardware network is the smallest overall it is the most highly interconnected
such as those of open data, open knowledge, open hardware and open networks? Even if an organisation is not central
Interdisciplinary European projects that force diverse communities to work together would strengthen the overall resilience of DSI in Europe by combining open hardware, open data, open knowledge and open networks. 56 Growing
They combine investments in new hardware and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
Open standards should be at the core of the technical infrastructure. Open standards should have an adequate legal and governance backing,
which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
as is done today by Fablabs with the Fabacademy, by Hacklabs and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training,
European funding has invested heavily in core European institutions in terms of digital innovation, in particular the formerly nationalised telecommunications companies,
open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
they should become public policy guidelines at the core of the technical infrastructure. Technical solutions do not work by themselves,
Other necessary peripherals were purchased also such as memory cards protective cases, microphones, additional head phones and card readers.
We found that the Authority actively monitors its exposure to risks related to technology approaching end-of-life.
despite the hardware being supported by the supplier on a'best endeavours'basis. 2 The legacy system is unable to comply with the latest NHS information standards for drugs and medicines.
cost, prioritisation and funding. 1 ttp://www. nhsbsa. nhsh. uk/Prescriptionservices/809. aspx 2 The Mcdonnell douglas hardware
manage, monitor and control their prescribing habits and costs; monitor and manage drug expenditure against budget;
The legacy Mcdonnell douglas hardware is supported by Northgate on a'best endeavours'basis. 26 Part Four NHS Prescription Services:
hardware and software arrangements are in place to cope with the two systems. The team has an appropriate mix of skills to maintain
In addition, many of the retired units have been retained in storage to provide for spares in case of hardware failure.
and organisational changes as well as direct costs of investing in hardware and software solutions. While many studies provide evidence of the positive effects of ICT adoption on firm performance,
and to redefine their core competence and positions in the value chains. So, e-business tools cannot be introduced successfully
and ecommerce to monitor progress and improve cross-country analysis . However there is no one-size-fits all approach to policy
39 the Court recognised the screen or in a programme guide are provided not services"at the individual request"of a recipient
As to compliance with the rules in Article 11,81%of purchasers received a confirmation order both on screen and by e-mail.
In 10%of purchases, a confirmation of the order was received only by e-mail and in 8%only on screen.
in particular linked to the liability regime of the ECD (see Chapter 3. 4. 2). In order to better monitor these and other related developments,
the CPC-Network enforcement authorities both screen a sample of websites in a given sector for compliance with EU consumer legislation and take appropriate enforcement actions.
Article 15 prohibits Member States from imposing on intermediaries a general obligation to monitor. National courts have in recent years produced decisions imposing injunctions on intermediaries obliging them to prevent a 84 One of the conditions for an information society service provider to benefit from a liability exemption for illegal
o Youtube displays commercial video clips and not only content that expresses a personal opinion. o Because of the arrangement of the website the average user cannot tell at first sight that the videos were uploaded by the user and not by Youtube;
104"Adwords",enables an economic operator to display advertising links to its site accompanied by a commercial message that appears on the right hand side of the screen
and the resulting display of the ads is made under conditions which Google controls. Thus Google determines the order of display according to, inter alia,
the remuneration paid by the advertisement"(paragraph 116). However, the ECJ considers that to examine Google's activity in the light of recital 42,
and where the border lies between an obligation to apply duties of care and a general obligation to monitor.
"As regards the above-mentioned question it notes that"it must be held that the injunction imposed on the ISP concerned requiring it to install the contested filtering system would oblige it to actively monitor all the data relating to each of its customers
coupled with a website providing the user with information about how to switch off behaviourally targeted display ads from the company that the user signed up to.
Search engines charge advertisers on a pay-per-click basis. The trend is towards direct-response type advertising instead of display advertising.
printers, Mp3 players, CDS and DVDS etc..However, different rules and tariffs apply across Member States.
In particular, traders will have to inform (consumer) buyers of digital content not only about its compatibility with hardware and software
despite the fact that in the online movie rental business the DVDS were delivered still. 312 E-commerce and other modern technologies can also help to communicate to consumers the environmental performance of the products they buy more clearly,
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