the Planning Cells/Citizens'Reports described elsewhere in this volume, Future Workshops, Citizens'Panels, and many others.
7 Citizens'Panel This procedure, developed by Helmut Klages at the beginning of the decade, is reiterated a regular
and Outlook This chapter presented and analysed the use of different participative processes in Germany,
In the mid-1980s the educational pioneers such as Wayne Danielson of the University of Texas wrote software for journalism and communication education.
Appropriately enough, the students introduced the instructor to the particular e-groups software tool they used for online collaboration.
Software such as Daqri 3d allows the reader of a magazine to point her or his mobile device at an AR enhanced image in the magazine and access the embedded AR content.
, computer hardware, computer software, and personnel)( Krishnan and Sriram 2000). Over time, firms that invest more than their competitors in IT tend to realize greater returns from the marketplace (Bharadwaj 2000.
In particular, Cooper (1998) highlights that due to advances in computer technology, the declining cost of systems and improved software and technological sophistication of the workforce, no longer are reserved adaptations for the technologically elite,
hardware, software, and personnel) relative to other competitors within the same industry. Drawing upon a scale developed
Strong external demand for local commodities, especially from China and other Asian economies, coupled with good macroeconomic management have allowed the countries in the region to put their short-and medium-term growth outlooks on a glide path
Despite this rather optimistic outlook, the region may face the interrelated potential headwinds of a less robust recovery in the United states, a deceleration in the economic growth of China and other Asian emerging economies,
and to exhibit a favorable economic outlook. Indeed, the region has bounced back rapidly from the global economic crisis,
41 37 Developing and testing hardware and software for an Internet of Energies Integrating grid operation and electronic marketplace Gaining knowhow on interoperability,
The goal of this study was to analyse system solutions for the German electricity grid until 2020 with outlook to 2025 to integrate a share of 39%renewable energy into the electricity supply system in the German transmission grid
Integration of renewable energies in the German electricity supply system 2015-2020 with outlook for 2025,-Estimation of the enhancement needs iof German distribution grids due to photovoltaic
Furthermore, the document The built environment of The netherlands Energy Innovation Agenda gives An outlook on energy-neutral new construction and sustainable existing buildings.
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
free CAD/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products,
create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending project has a strong focus on government finance,
a nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
open data, free and open software and open hardware. Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising the way code is built,
which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT AND FEEDBACK 6. Net Neutrality and banning software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable.
Software packages that are patented can be expensive, and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
(i e. free and open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers,
In effect, open source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels. Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48 Public sector information should be made available under an open knowledge license
as is done today by Fablabs with the Fabacademy, by Hacklabs and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training,
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
cohort/panel study, regular interval surveying Level 3 You can demonstrate that your product/service is causing the impact,
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/publicprocurement/modernising rules/reform proposals/index en. htm 34 http://www. nycedc. com/service programs-entrepreneurs 35 http://www
-sector-to-support-socialentrepreneurship/38 http://www. oecd. org/sti/outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles/competencestoinnovate/taxincentivesforrdandinnovation htm) 39 http://
the best known being expert panels and multi-round Delphi surveys. They differ in their expected benefits, conditions of use, time requirement,
mind mapping) X XX X X X X X Expert panels XX X X X X X Delphi survey X X X
of which is depicted by a different cell in the three-dimensional box of regions. results/outcome indicators classification scheme on the use of results/outcome indicators within a reformed Cohesion Policy adopted by the international panel of experts
ICT-based e-Infrastructures (networks, computing resources, software and data repositories) for research and education; and any other entity of a unique nature essential to achieving or enabling excellence in research.
new or improved services (e g. healthcare at home), organisational innovation, system innovation (e g. new patterns of co-operation and interaction) and conceptual innovation (e g. a change in the outlook of actors.
Where appropriate, a Panel Review will be organised remotely. Applicants can provide during the electronic proposal submission up to 8 The Director-General responsible may decide to open the call up to one month prior to
The Commissions is investing €4. 4 million to support 12 different organisations across seven countries to identify just how well this new software works.
two are research-oriented Software Park Hagenberg (SWP) and Research and Training Centre for Labour and Technology Steyr (FAZAT).
The technology centre which is most explicitly R&doriented is the Software Park Hagenberg (SWP), located close to the capital of Linz.
and research centre for software development, industrial mathematics, and related services, exclusively focusing on this technology field.
and belong predominantly to software, data processing, and consulting services. There are hardly any manufacturing companies and only a few high-tech firms.
and services (frequently software) while only 19 belong to the metal-and-steel industry, metal products, plastic products,
Specialised suppliers such as engineering or software industry frequently carry out product innovations, often together with customers.
in the‘New Economy'innovations would contain the introduction of new software products and services or the development of new customer segments.
The authors use the software agglomeration in Dublin and the IT-sector in Tampere as examples to demonstrate how the agglomeration process is contingent on local resources and processes.
space technology (Indian Space Research Organisation) and IT (esp. international computer hardware and software enterprises that have operations in Bangalore).
Bangalore's software cluster owes‘its origins and growth to increased cross-border flows of labour,
and Silicon valley one that could play an important role in upgrading the Indian software industry in the future.'
, free trade area and establishment of the‘Software Technology Park')so that the support reached the beneficiaries directly (Balasubramanyam and Balasubramanyam 2003.
The software cluster in Bangalore. In: J. H. Dunning (ed.:Regions, globalization, and the knowledge-based economy.
Innovation in Small Scottish Software Firms. In: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 12 (3), 217 244.
A Tudomány-Innováció Program 2015-re köztes célként 1, 5%-os K+F-intenzitást tuzött ki (az átfogóbb, 2011-es Új
0, 69%-os szintre emelkedett. Magyarországon 2003 és 2007 között a vállalati szektor teljes K+F-ráfordítását (BERD) tekintve csökkent a külföldrol befelé irányuló üzleti kutatás-fejlesztési
Magyarországnak a hetedik keretprogram keretében a 21,5%-os uniós átlaghoz közeli, 20,4%-os sikerhányada volt a pályázók száma alapján, és 2011 közepéig 681
A tudományos publikációk legtöbbet hivatkozott 10%-ába a magyar tudományos publikációknak mindössze 5%-a tartozik bele, szemben a 11,6%-os uniós átlaggal.
50 3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software...53 3. 3. 4 Deployment and implications of RFID technology...
60 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration...60 3. 4. 2 Use of ICT for cooperative and collaborative business processes...
outlook and policy implications...185 6. 1 Key findings...185 6. 2 Possible further developments of e-business...
thus optimising the flow of information and documents in and between companies, taking advantages of the increased diffusion of advanced e-business software systems.
(EU-7) weighted by employment Use of specific software systems for transport & logistics management Specific software solutions for the TLS sector, such as Cargo Handling Technology,
and ITMS (see Section 3. 4).%of companies*using specific transport & logistics software systems 16 3 12 20 31 29 8 22 35 43 12
CRM (customer relationship management) systems, a comprehensive software to capture, storage and analysis customer data in an integrated way, is used not yet widely in the TLS sector (see Section 3. 6. 3).%Companies*accepting
On the other hand, in some other areas, European companies appear to be more active using specific software systems like Warehouse Management Maintenance Management Systems (MMS.
communications equipment (such as mobile phones), office equipment (such as copiers) and data communications and network equipment (such as switching and routing equipment, cellular mobile infrastructure) €159 billion Software products
System and application software €76 billion IT services Consulting, implementation and operations management €140 billion Carrier services Fixed voice telephone and data services, mobile telephone
and will have a total budget of EUR 400 million. 42 Revitalising the railways Transport is a key driver for the EU-25 outlook in terms of both energy and emissions.
This has changed with the introduction of warehouse management system software. Warehouse management systems (WMS) assist managers in tracking products throughout the entire storage and distribution process.
and by the software controlling the communication (i e.,, the protocols. An Intranet is a specific application of the internal computer network
User skills cover the utilisation of common generic software tools and the use of specialised tools supporting business functions within industries other than the ICT industry. 63 There are companies-usually medium and large-sized firms-that can afford employing ICT practitioners,
A Cross Sector Perspective and Outlook. 76 In the context of information systems, heterogeneity means that the systems are somehow different from each other.
A Cross-Sector Perspective and Outlook, e-Businessw@tch Special report 2005). 78 Technical Committee 278 (2007) Road Transport and Traffic Telematics, Open Call for Project Team Experts:
The IM@GINE-IT personal assistant is a small additional piece of software that will run on any mobile device
and interoperability by and for SMES. 3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software The open source model Open source software (OSS) is computer software
and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form. Open source is cited frequently as one of the most important movements in modern software creation.
Related projects are supported by the European Commission82 and almost every further and higher education institution makes use of open source software.
The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock in.
or redistribute the open-source software. OSS includes software with source code in the public domain and software distributed under an open-source license.
It is developed often in a public, collaborative manner and is the most prominent example of open source development
and often compared to user generated content. The cost of immediate acquisition to the end-user is usually minimal;
this is because the right to freely redistribute the software makes selling licences for copies of open source software an unlikely business proposition.
for the prohibition to store goods together or for the optimal Networked Enterprise Applications and Software, FP6 508011),
Networked businesses and government set out in the IST 2003-2004work programme of FP6. 82 The European commission has taken several strides towards encouraging the development of open source software.
In October 2006, it granted €3m towards a project, called SQO-OSS, to test the quality of open source software.
disclosure of all documents and the source codes of a software project as well as a permanent communication between all participants.
This system is designed with modern software technologies and tools with the aim to create a widely accepted WMS with well-defined interfaces
Free software products will be used for the development and operation. LINUX, for example, will be preferred the operating system and Postgresql the preferred database.
The complete user interface is based browser, i e. it uses the common web browsers. This allows for the use of existing network structures and inexpensive personal computers with almost any operating system as workplace computer.
The first level includes a core system with the inventory management the master data management and the possibility to enter
The interface to SAP-systems will be certified for mywms. 83 Deployment of Open source Software Deployment of open source software should follow the same pattern of evaluation of needs
testing, and acquisition from a supplier and so on as would be used with proprietary software. The cost of deploying and supporting software,
whether open source or closed source, is very often much higher than the simple cost of licence acquisition,
because they are genuinely excellent software products and the support is acceptable. In comparison with proprietary software OSS is more inexpensive in acquisition and use (total costs of ownership
also because the direct and indirect maintenance costs are significantly lower. By integrating open standards in designs and other 83 Available at:
www. mywms. org/export/sites/default/introduction/downloadgallery/mywms beschreibung en. pdf. 84 Joint Information systems Committee (JISC),(2006) Open source Software briefing paper
The availability of the source code supports a high innovation grade, next to more efficient maintenance of the software which will result in a more effective effort by ICT experts.
and the cost of deployment and also the potential impact on the rest of the software that they are expected to integrate with.
OSS doesn't exclude the use of proprietary"closed source"software. The owner of a closed system can let his programme cooperate with opensource software;
after all he has access to the complete source. The opposite-closed source code, not able to cooperate with other programs-is more common than an exception in the world of modern IT.
A recent research has found that almost 40%of European companies already use some type of open source software,
Web server and server operating systems are the top two areas, with two-thirds of firms using alternatives like Apache,
Tomcat, or Linux. 85 The E-business Watch 2007 sectoral study confirmed that operating systems (including Linux) based on OSS are used widely by large companies (nearly 50%).86 Exhibit 3. 3-3
Special emphasis should be put on the deployment of OS Software in micro and small enterprises
Companies using Open source Software 8 9 21 28 10 13 32 41 21 24 30 47 05 10 15 20 25
30 35 40 45 50 TL (EU-7) 10-49 50-249 250+Open source operating system Open source databases Open source browsers Base (100%:
One of them is the ability to adapt software for local needs. Proprietary software companies are concentrated usually global
in a few parts of the world. This is the nature of the software market, which, thanks to network effects and proprietary standards tends towards natural monopolies. 87 Also,
as is the case in the TLS sector, many large corporations are now deploying Open source products at the heart of their IT,
A digital signer will require software, and will probably have to pay a certification authority some price to issue a certificate.
Persons relying on digital signatures will incur expenses for verification software and perhaps for access to certificates and certificate revocation lists in a repository.
Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU. Final Report. http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/ict
scalable and reliable solution suitable for running a company's most critical core business processes. 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Specific software applications
(or set of computer programs) used to track and store electronic documents and/or images of paper documents.
A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration.
Exhibit 3. 4-1 Use of e-business software systems Companies having Transport & logistics sector (TLS) an ERP system an SCM system a CRM system a software application to manage the placing
or receipt of orders a warehouse or depot management system Weighting%of empl.%%of firms%of empl.%
Sectoral e-Businesswatch (Survey 2007) E-business in the transport & logistics industry 62 In 2007, about a fifth of firms (representing about 44%of sector employment) in the TLS industry reported the use of software solutions
or internet-based services for eprocurement (see Exhibit 3. 4-1). This shows that there is a gap between the percentage of companies placing at least some orders online (41%)and those that use special software for this (20%).
%It can be assumed that companies without such software place orders mainly through websites or extranets of suppliers,
It is interesting to observe that the percentage of firms with special ICT systems for e-procurement is more than three times (20%)than those firms with an ERP system (6%).SCM software can help companies from the TLS industry to match supply
while in some other areas, US companies appear to be more active using specific software systems, like cargo handling technology and intermodal transportation management systems.
The solution is based on a software solution that allows automating the exchange of documents between customers
This software is linked to the internal information system of CEMAT, an Italian company specialised in combined transport of containers,
For those companies, a possible explanation is that many companies have software for managing their inventory and supplies internally,
%firms using SCM software/sharing information on inventory levels with suppliers (2007) 4 8 22 38 8 16 36 6 0 10 20
Customer service management Procurement Product development and commercialisation Manufacturing flow management/support Physical distribution Outsourcing/partnerships Performance measurement SCM software is intended
of which have their own specific software. Some vendors have assembled these different chunks of software together under a single solution,
but the development of a complete package that is right for every company is a big challenge.
The detailed setup and processing within a WMS can vary significantly from one software vendor to another;
improving customer services Hupac The case study about Hupac, Switzerland (see Section 5. 8) deals with the integration of a software management (GOAL) system with GPS train control (e-train.
CRM software suites are quite expensive and require intensive organisational preparation to be introduced effectively in a company.
Thus, the existing ICT infrastructure and e-business software systems analysed in the preceding sections led the TLS sector to a situation in
Open source Software. The use of OSS seems to be correlated positively to the size of the company in employees.
and software correlates with innovation activity of firms("conduct), "and whether there are any significant links between innovation activity("conduct")and turnover growth("performance").
we have estimated a stochastic production possibility frontier (SPF) model by using a panel data set for 14 EU member states for
1995 2004 (Gross production value per total working hours based on EU-141 Multi-Country-Panel) Explanatory variables Coefficient Standard error t
115 For the econometric estimation, the software package Frontiers 4. 1 was used (Coelli, 1996. E-business in the transport & logistics industry 103 With respect to the significance of the estimated parameter values we observe that except of the ICT capital stock and medium-skilled labour intensity,
The most obvious example of investments in complementary assets include investments in software, training and organisational transformations that accompany ICT investments.
and follows all steps of the new process in a way specified in the software design. The copy-exactly strategy is particularly beneficial
Software endowment index that comprises of software applications used by a firm. The index includes the following applications:
a software application to manage the placing or receipt of orders, ERM, SCM, CRM and the use of the internet to buy
ICT use and organisational change Independent variable a Coefficient Standard Error Infrastructure index (A2, A3, A4) 0. 000 0. 002 Software index (A6, A7, B1,
Software use and IT practitioners drive organisational changes: The intensity of ICT applications and in particular IT-skilled employees are the major drivers of organisational changes.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 113 skills combined with innovative software that enable firms to rearrange their operations
Hardware infrastructure, in contrast, offer companies less potential to create a competitive advantage compared to software applications and skilled employees.
and improve the transport document management for CEMAT and its customers. 3. 4 Internal Process Integration 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration E-business in the transport & logistics
Integrated software management with GPS train control at Hupac, Switzerland. Discussion of challenges and success of the application of an innovative IT solution that manages transport information in real time
SCM, WMS and ICT links with suppliers 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Case study 11:
a commitment towards innovative retailing and ticket solutions 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Case study 12:
accounting and payroll software; panning; garage software for management. A practical example of applications enabled by the company-wide integration of data flows is a new timetable
which manages the timetables of all individual workers and automatically links these data to the payroll application.
when it will be integrated fully (with the new software version operating). The centralised information system has also a positive impact on data security.
a Sage software solution for the accounting, as well as a global transport management solution. AIT implemented a first transport and warehouse management solution in 2000.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 129 The solution that has been developed is composed modular software of the core Solulog solution
Another important point is to involve a representative panel of customers in the pilot phase.
For a nationwide system, a unitary hardware and standard software architecture has been chosen to offer long-term benefits, like improved technical support, technical operating services and reduced TCO (Total Cost of Ownership.
Oracle RDBMS software and Practical Automation thermal printers, verified for more than 7 years in real-time operation and being the architecture of an accepted system.
The operating system is Microsoft windows NT for PC's & PC Net Servers and HP-UX for RISC machines.
and software) as well as the design and provided real data to determine the transaction volumes needed to operate such a system.
From 2000 to 2004 a new version of the software solution was designed by the CFR information technology team
20 million euros for the hardware including the services and 5 million euros for the application software and deployment.
CFR Informatica Feroviara managed the software development, the infrastructure setup and the deployment of the solution.
as well as hardware and software for the four deployed eservices. Maintenance cost for the portal is about 11000 Euros per month.
an software that manages transport data in real time, coordinating all phases of intermodal traffic. GOAL is connected to e-train, an innovative GPS train control system.
The need to control train movements with railway partners that use different monitoring systems in a context of an ever enlarging network has led to the creation of an integrated software management system with GPS train control The main driving forces for implementing this combined solution (GOAL
The implementation phase has taken 8 months most of it being the software implementation, followed by a 4-months test phase.
The overall cost for the solution including software, hardware and implementation were approximately 100.000 Euros.
specialised in traffic system GPS (hardware and software) and intelligence traffic systems. This firm was in charge of the integration and implementation of the system,
Goal (Global Oriented Application for Logistics) is integrated an software designed by Hupac that coordinates intermodal transport from booking to billing.
This information is integrated then automatically within the Goal software, providing a constantly updated situation of the progression of each train.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 162 The server where the Goal software is stored at is connected fully to the Hupac central system.
which was developing the software. The project commenced with a 6-months analysis phase for defining the application needs,
The software developed is running on a WINDOWS NT 2000 server that is managed in house. 15 terminals are connected to the system.
The FRIDA solution is based on software, entirely developed by Nordic Port. It is based a web system,
outlook and policy implications Due to the high turnover and number of jobs in the European TLS industry and its interrelation with almost all other European economy sectors, any improvements to the competitiveness and effectiveness
especially the development of affordable ERP systems for SMES Improve dialogue and cooperation with software providers.
"The use of SCM software is limited also very among smaller companies (6%).Against this background,
Frontier production functions, technical efficiency and panel data: with application to paddy farmers in India, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3 (1-2), 153-169.
A Computer programme for Stochastic Frontier Production and Cost Function Estimation, Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New england, Armidale, Australia.
Evidence from a Panel of Countries, in: The Review of Economics and Statistics, February 2004,86 (1), 327 344.
Evidence From Panel Data, Information systems Research, Volume 10, Issue 2, 134-149. Hossain, L, . and Wigand, R. T. 2003).
Joint Information systems Committee (JISC),(2006) Open source Software briefing paper, http://www. jisc. ac. uk/publications/publications/pub ossbp. aspx.
Economic impact of open source software on innovation Verdoorn, P. J. 1949), Fattori che regolano lo sviluppo della produttivitg del lavoro, in:
Property rights in ICT SMES ICT manufacturing ICT services Software publishing 683 Questionnaire The questionnaires for Projects 1 and 2 contained about 70 questions
ICT Infrastructure and E-business software systems B: Automated data exchange (Project 1)/ E-business with customers and suppliers (Project 2) C:
For this analysis a panel-data approach was used because of the low number of countries sampled.
frontier for an industry across all countries, we obtain a multicountry data panel with a common stochastic production possibility frontier.,
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011