Synopsis: Ict: Computer: Computer program: Software: Software applications:


InnoSupport - Supporting Innovation in SMEs.pdf

Microsoft Net meeting-another free software application-is a simpler alternative. Video: One of the best ways to transfer knowledge is through the use of stories.

The current system for inventory and scheduling tyre-building machines used a basic Excel spreadsheet that was in use for some time

The spreadsheet was handfed data from manual tyre counts. The new system will automate data collection to allow better management of machines, shifts,

Foreign language competence page 262 of 271 Presentation using transparencies Powerpoint presentation Design of documentation for the customer Rhetorical skills Negotiation skills Technical skills for searching for information/patents


INNOVATION AND SMEs BARRIERS TO INNOVATION IN SMEs.pdf

23 6-Implications and Research Outlook...23 7-Summary...25 LIST OF ANNEXES References BARRIERS TO INNOVATION IN SMES:

Challenges associated with the chances of global innovation are discussed in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 entails general implications and research outlook.

and Research Outlook As the discussion above has demonstrated, global innovation activities, especially, the internationalization of R&d, may lead to a mitigation of the effects of innovation barriers faced by SMES in their home country.

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2006, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Preuß, R. 2007:


INNOVATION AND SMEs STRATEGIES AND POLICIES.pdf

and research labs R&d ACTIVITIES Invest significantly in research (75%invest more than 20%of Invest on average about 11%of their turnover in R&d Invest less than 5%of their turnover in R&d 8 Biotechnology, electronics and telecommunication, industrial software applications, new


INNOVATION AND SMEs SWEDEN.pdf

In Allam Ahmed (ed.),World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009: The Impact of the Global Financial crisis on the Environment, Energy and Sustainable Development, Part VII, Chapter 30,287 294.

Managing Innovation in e-Globalized Economy Defining the Open Capital This paper was published in Allam Ahmed (ed.),World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009, The Impact of the Global Financial crisis on the Environment, Energy

OUTLOOK, Doi: 10.1038/nrd2131, Advanced Online Publication published 18th august, pp. 1 7. Neale, W c. 1984.


Innovation capacity of SMEs.pdf

These are presented in figure 3. 7 OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012, Highlights 8 Innovation Union Scoreboard 2011, Research and Innovation Union Scoreboard, EU

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012. Link. PERIA Good Practice Report. Link Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) as Mission-oriented Innovation Policy, Charles Edquist.


Innovation driven growth in Regions The role of Smart specialisation.pdf

Head of the Country Studies and Outlook Division, provided overall guidance and support for the project

‘OECD Regional Outlook: Building Resilient Regions for Stronger Economies'.'Paris, OECD Publishing OECD (2011),‘Regions and Innovation Policy, OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation'.

and Industry Outlook 2012, OECD publishing http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/sti outlook-2012-en OECD (2012g),

and strategic lead-market themes for the development of its innovation ecosystem and industrial outlook in the future.


Innovation in urban mobility_ policity making and planning.pdf

18 6) Policy and research outlook...23 Bibliography...24 Glossary...25 Contents Innovation in urban mobilit y-polic y making

Policy and research outlook The EU acknowledges its role in supporting urban transport authorities to meet the manifold challenges posed by the increasing demand for passenger and freight transport.


investment-in-the-future-RDIstrategy2020.pdf

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2012 identification of the problem and strategic alternatives 2 2. 1. SWOT-analysis Based on a detailed analysis, the strengths, weaknesses


Ireland Forfas Report on Business Expenditure on Research and Development 20112012.pdf

Outlook and Strategic Plan to 2015 Forfás July 2013 Annual Report 2012 Forfás July 2013 National Skills Bulletin 2013 EGFSN July 2013


ITIF_Raising European Productivity_2014.pdf

although that itself drives growth. 31 They include hardware, software applications, and telecommunications networks, and increasingly tools that incorporate all three components in them,


JRC81448.pdf

19 Skype key lessons...20 XING-key lessons...21 2. 2 Display technologies...21 Cambridge Display Technologies (CDT) key lessons...

62 Skype...66 XING AG...71 6 A1. 2 Display technologies...74 Cambridge Display Technology (CDT...

Skype. In the robotics sub-sector, while US firms have established a position with military robots (e g. irobot),

as the case study of Skype shows. But Skype was seeded by US VC investors and eventually acquired by leading USA web services players, first ebay and now Microsoft.

In the following sections we analyse in more detail the development of companies in the three sub-sectors,

Skype, for instance, is an example of a successful European web start-up that achieved global pre-eminence

Skype key lessons With Skype first the entrepreneurial and creative impetus came from two individuals who identified the opportunity for voice over the internet.

They combined this with the Estonian engineering talent that they had identified already in a previous venture to start Skype.

It meant that Skype got the best of all worlds tax credits in Luxembourg but operations located where the human

as our case studies of Google, Skype and XING show especially for US VCS, characterized by rapid payback with low entry costs

http://www. thecityuk. com/research/our-work/reports-list/sovereign-wealth-funds-2012/37 Sovereign funds can spur entrepreneurial activity owing to their abundant capital resources and long-term outlook

Skype. In most cases, beyond the discovery the company required a variety of knowledgeable and skilled people, both technical and managerial, to progress.

as our case studies of Google, Skype and XING show having relatively low entry costs and low capital intensity.

The Competitive Outlook for the EU Robotics Industry, Final Report for IPTS, SCF Associates Ltd, July 2010 from:

Skype Skype is a software application that allows users to make voice and video calls and chat over the internet.

Skype was founded in 2003 by two Scandinavian entrepreneurs, Niklas Zennström and 67 Janus Friis, and officially headquartered in Luxembourg.

Skype was acquired by ebay in September 2005 for $3. 1 billion, but relations between the founders and ebay soured as growth targets were missed.

In October 2011 the sale of Skype to Microsoft corp was completed for $8. 5 billion. 46 VOIP (voice-over-Internet protocol) has redefined the way telephone calls are made VOIP calls are made over the internet,

Skype users can use their computer to call other Skype users for free anywhere in the world,

The Skype software was developed originally by three Estonian programmers Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu and Jaan Tallinn, working for a small codeshop, Bluemoon Interactive, the same team behind the controversial file sharing service, Kazaa.

Unlike other Voip services, Skype is a peer-to-peer system rather than a client server system, and makes use of background processing on computers running Skype software;

the original name proposed Sky peer-to-peer reflects this. Skype became the global leader in internet voice communications, with more than 309 million registered users within five years of launch.

During 2010, Skype users made 207 billion minutes of voice and video calls. In the fourth quarter of 2010, video calls accounted for about 42%of all Skype-to-Skype minutes,

and in 2010, users sent over 176 million SMS text messages through Skype.‘‘While Skype is not a phone company,

they are by far the largest provider of cross-border voice communications, 'says Telegeography analyst Stephan Beckert.

Skype has shown steady revenue growth since its launch reaching $860 billion in 2010 and likely to be over $1 billion in 2011.

It has yet to make a profit. This undoubtedly led to ebay becoming disenchanted with Skype's performance

and the seeming failure of synergies to emerge with ebay and its other big acquisition, online payment system, Paypal.

History and development The basis for the start-up of Skype was the coming together of the entrepreneurial skills of Zennström

and Friis and the technological innovation of the Estonian programmers spotted by 46 Detailed infographics summarizing Skype from conception are available here:

http://toddcarothers. com/2011/05/skype-from-conception-to-acquisition-infographic; or http://www. smartfatblogger. in/2011/06/skype-coming-of age-story-infographic. html 68 Zennström and Friis.

The Estonians were at the forefront of innovation in peer-to-peer software development, using the Fasttrack protocol licensed by Joltid Ltd

(and owned by Zennström and Friis). In 2003, Bessemer Venture Partners led the A round financing at Skype.

Bessemer, the oldest venture capital practice in the United states invested $1 to $2 million in August 2003.

even though Skype was located in Europe and the entrepreneurial impetus and the engineering innovation were found there,

Looking back on the start up of Skype Zennström said he started his new venture capital business Atomico

Meanwhile ebay was preparing to float Skype via an IPO but Zennström and Friis were done not.

They had retained the software patents for the technology Skype used through a company called Joltid Ltd

and threatened to cease licensing the technology to Skype. Eventually the dispute was settled with Skype acquiring the patents in exchange for Zennström

and Friis joining the Skype investor group with 14%ownership. ebay then sold 70%of Skype to the investor Group led by Silver lake. 47 http://www. prnewswire. co. uk/cgi/news/release?

id=119130 48 European High-tech Startups Thrive, Says Skype Founder, Stanford Business Magazine Online, March 2011, http://www. gsb. stanford. edu/news/headlines/zennstrom europe 2011. html 69 In May 2011,

Microsoft Corporation agreed to acquire Skype Communications for $8. 5 billion. The deal was completed officially in October 2011 with Skype incorporated as a division of Microsoft,

and Microsoft acquiring all of the company's technologies, including Skype, with the purchase. As a result of this deal, Zennström and Friis received $1. 19 billion, other investors led by Silver lake received $4. 76 billion,

and ebay got most of its money back in recouping $2. 55 billion. In essence Microsoft paid about $1000 per subscriber

which some have questioned as being excessive. 49 It is being seen as a defensive move by Microsoft to avoid Skype falling into the hands of Google,

a development that would also have troubled Facebook. Both Google and Facebook were reported to have been in talks to buy Skype. 50 The battle over the coming years for the VOIP market will be between Skype in the hands of Microsoft and Google talk, Apple Facetime and Facebook Chat.

Skype had a network of locations from the outset, with offices in Luxembourg, London, Stockholm, Tallinn, Tartu,

Prague and Palo alto. Although Skype was headquartered in Luxembourg, the founders probably spent as much time in their London and Palo alto offices.

Skype's largest office has always been in Estonia. This was because of the original location of the key engineering personnel Jaan Tallinn, Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, Toivo Annus.

On the one hand, the importance of Estonia to Skype seems accidental but it has a reputation of being small, efficient and open to innovative ideas.

There is no doubt that Skype has become a kind of role model in Estonia and for other newly industrializing European states. 51 Skype has affected directly the innovative capacity of Estonia

which is now host to experienced, networked and funded talent. Former Skype personnel have founded tens of companies, primarily related to Internet services, some

of which been successful. For instance, Mikael Suvi made millions developing games for the iphone. He felt that working for Skype had become too routine.

Martin Goro ko, head of marketing for the Tallin Tehnopol technology park, says that Skype has had a bigger influence on young entrepreneurs than the Tallinn University of Technology

and the University of Tartu put together. Eighty percent of the business ideas that reach our incubator

or the general community of start-up companies are from Skype, he says. As already highlighted, there were two key relevant human capital aspects.

First the entrepreneurial creativity and risk was provided by Scandinavians, Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis. The key technical personnel were software engineers from Estonia,

/microsoft-skype-deal-facebook n 860227. html 51 Toivo Tänavsuu, ANALYSIS: Skype has turned tiny Estonia into a hub of new Mark Zuckerbergs and Bill gates's, test market, 7 january 2011,

http://www. testmarket. eu/2011/01/analysis-skype-has turned-tiny-estonia-into-a-hub-of-new-mark-zuckerbergs

-and-bill-gatess/70 location being sited in Tallinn. Tallinn was also a centre for other computer programmers and software engineers

which provided a source of skilled staff for Skype. Luxembourg was an attractive location for the official headquarters,

"Could Skype have started in the USA rather than Europe? It is conceivable and one should recognize that most of the funding came from the USA.

Estonian IT analyst, Toivo Tänavsuu, summarizes the success of Skype in this way: The company founders, Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis, bid adieu to salaried work and dove headlong into enterprise.

Niklas Zennström, the Man Who Sold Skype Twice, Wall street journal: Tech Europe, 10 may 2011, http://blogs. wsj. com/tech-europe/2011/05/10/niklas-zennstrom-the-man-who-sold-skypetwice/52 Pricewaterhousecoopers, Luxembourg:

page=full http://www. crunchbase. com/person/niklas-zennstrom http://www. crunchbase. com/company/skype XING AG XING AG is a German

The Competitive Outlook for the EU Robotics Industry, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre, European commission.


JRC85353.pdf

'Science, Technology and Industry Outlook.''Paris: OECD. European commission EUR 26579 Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Title:


JRC85356.pdf

Science, Technology and Industry Outlook. Paris: OECD. OECD. 2010. Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective. Paris:


KFI_Tukor_ENG_NET.pdf

Export and import performance 13 1. 6 Number and size of ICT businesses 15 1 7 Rate of employment 18 1. 8 International outlook

Hungarian Central Statistical Office 1. 18 According to the OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010), two out of the 250 TOP ICT companies founded a subsidiary in Hungary,

%Other 2. 3%ICT services Such growth was driven largely by foreign businesses with an IT profile deciding to settle down in Hungary. 1. 8 International outlook In terms of the percentage rate of its population

-080523 OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010) http://www. oecd. org/internet/interneteconomy/oecdinformationtechnologyoutlook2010. htm OECD:


LGI-report-Re-thinking-the-Digital-Agenda-for-Europe.pdf

and Mcdevitt base their analysis on OECD retail broadband prices as published in Tables 7. 17 and 7. 18 in the OECD Communications Outlook 2011, multiplied by the estimated subscribers by access type.


Management of patient information - trenda and challenges in member states - WHO 2012.pdf

Most systems will define a unique identifier that is local to the software application. Clinics and hospitals often have an identifier that is used throughout a system to transfer information such as clinical observations, laboratory and radiology results, and orders.

Health software applications often use a proprietary or ad hoc messaging format that must be customized to be understood by both sender and receiver.

and can be exported as a Microsoft excel file for further analysis using other statistical software. This is the first time that Datacol has been used as the primary method of implementing an online survey of over 40 pages of text and questions.

Data were exported from Datacol in Microsoft excel format and the data analysis was performed using R statistical programming language. 14 Data were analysed by thematic section.


MIS2014_without_Annex_4.pdf

The desktop publishing was carried out by Nathalie Delmas and the cover was designed by Jesus Vicente. Administrative support was provided by Herawasih Yasandikusuma. v Table of contents Foreword...

IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2014.12 Source: The Economist, April 12 2014, Nigeria's GDP step change. 13 Telefónica,

CD. 4 Voice over internet services, such as Skype or Voipbuster, are excluded from the analysis in this section because they require an Internet connection


National Strategy on Digital Agenda for Romania.pdf

The current Programme for Government is the expression of an outlook on Romania's future

App/widget which proposes to its users one cultural event per day, based on smart usage of user's personal profile and her/his current location.


national_smart_specialisation_strategy_en.pdf

25 1. 4. International outlook...26 1. 5. SWOT...30 2. Governance structure...35 2. 1. National processes before the National Smart Specialisation Strategies...

and the development of the RDI area. 1. 4. International outlook International trends Lead markets-an initiative for Europe 5 The Lead Market Initiative of the European union between 2008 and 2011

In addition to the discussions at the national and regional levels, the international outlook is also an important element of the S3 design.

With an outlook to the S3 programmes of other member countries of the European union, it can be observed that healthcare developments are present in most strategies as national priorities.


NESTA Digital Social Innovation report.pdf

Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:

-sector-to-support-socialentrepreneurship/38 http://www. oecd. org/sti/outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles/competencestoinnovate/taxincentivesforrdandinnovation htm) 39 http://


OECD _ ICT, E-BUSINESS AND SMEs_2004.pdf

OECD (2001a), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook: Drivers of Growth: Information technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris. OECD (2001b), Broadband Infrastructure Deployment:

Summary, DSTI/ICCP/IE (2002) 5/FINAL, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002b), Information technology Outlook 2002, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002c), Measuring the Information Economy

policy responses, DSTI/ICCP (2003) 13/FINAL, OECD, Paris. 46 OECD (2003b), OECD Communications Outlook, Paris. OECD (2004), Recommendation of the Council


Open Innovation 2.0 Yearbook 2015.pdf

Skype) right before the event takes place. In terms of recommendation, this study also highlights the fact that networks (e g.


Open Innovation 2.0.pdf

when software applications bring new knowledge to people. There could be other dimensions like a‘societal'dimension inn order to assess, from UX point of view,

Today fashionable young people worship successful tech entrepreneurs such as Niklas Zennström, the cofounder of Skype,

and the terms of trade rose by 2. 9%.The Australian economy grew by 1. 2%during 2009 the best performance in the OECD (5). The outlook for private business investment improved,

such as in the design of lighting services and in the development of software applications for smart solutions:

ICT On the ICT level the connection is made with data and software applications. The data that is collected through different devices contains e g. time, people counting or proximity measurements, weather information, movements, energy consumption, camera data, etc.

or correlations that can be used for various software applications. Services At this level meaningful services are developed that provide value for the relevant stakeholders.

The type of jobs is shifting from hardware related jobs towards the design of lighting services as well is to the development of software applications for smart lighting solutions:

Similar renewal rates may apply for software applications build on open platforms in the field of smart urban lighting.

Explaining to Generation Y that there was something like Gopher, the game Snake on your Nokia phone or the newness of ecommerce in the previous millennium,


Oxford_ European competitiveness in information technology and lon term scientific performance_2011.pdf

but also in the huge growth of the videogame industry and of software applications after the internet revolution.


RIS3summary2014 ireland.pdf

The employment outlook for the sector depends critically on addressing domestic competitiveness factors and a favourable international trading environment.


RIS3summary2014.pdf

The employment outlook for the sector depends critically on addressing domestic competitiveness factors and a favourable international trading environment.


RIS3_GUIDE_FINAL.pdf

new or improved services (e g. healthcare at home), organisational innovation, system innovation (e g. new patterns of co-operation and interaction) and conceptual innovation (e g. a change in the outlook of actors.


Romania Western Regiona Competitiveness Enhancement and Smart Specialization - Report.pdf

Its agricultural richness and, more importantly, accessibility to the west, helped make this part of the region the most cosmopolitan in outlook and the most integrated with Europe.

and potential investors. 45 For references on the IMPF projections for Romania GDP, please see International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2013. http://www. imf. org/external

management and information systems 2. An ICT competitiveness pole Modern software applications and new ewest region products could be designed

Innovative software applications would greatly also enhance the competitiveness of the tourism sector. Note: an example of e-market for innovation 94 http://www. harvard. ch/36-0-30-0/3. A regional development fund focused on financing innovative projects


Smart specializations for regional innovation_embracing SI.pdf

We use scare quotes around the term‘school'to suggest a‘scholarly alignment of concerns and outlooks,

are prepared increasingly to experiment with social network technologies-from simple systems like Skype to other more sophisticated tele-presence systems


SMEs, Entrepreneurship and Innovation.pdf

To download the matching Excel spreadsheet, just type the link into your Internet browser, starting with the http://dx. doi. org prefix.

Possibilities for Prosperity, Basic books, New york. Potter, J. 2005), Local Innovation Systems and SME Innovation Policy, in OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook, OECD, Paris, pp

and Economic Development, OECD, Paris. OECD (2005), SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook, OECD, Paris. OECD (2007a), Competitive Regional Clusters:

OECD (2002), Management training in SMES, OECD, Paris. OECD (2003), OECD Employment Outlook, OECD, Paris. OECD (2005), SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook, OECD, Paris

The ammado donations widget is one of the platform's latest features. The cutting-edge micro-donations software is a compact


Social innovation, an answer to contemporary societal challenges- Locating the concept in theory and practice.pdf

affecting service provision and employment in most deprived communities over-proportionately (72%of social enterprises reported a negative trading outlook;

This situation is partly due to training programs lacking coherence, comprehensiveness or a global outlook, and also due to there being developed few channels for spreading skills,

World Economic Outlook October 2012; Coping with High Debt and Sluggish Growth. www. imf. org. Jalonen, H. 2011.


social-innovation-mega-trends-to-answer-society-challenges-whitepaper.pdf

and has increased the outlook for production across a wide variety of industries from railroads, shipping, local economies, and farming.


Special Report-Eskills for growth-entrepreneurial culture.pdf

The ICT sector currently lacks people with the right skills to accomplish a number of functions, from developing software applications and security systems,


Standford_ Understanding Digital TechnologyG��s Evolution_2000.pdf

But, dedicated word processors were displaced rapidly by personal computers during the mid-1980's, as the latter were perceived to be more"flexible

"and more likely to be"upgrade-able"as new generations of software were offered by sources other than the computer vendors. 27 The dedicated word processor's demise was mirrored by development in numerous markets where dedicated"task-specific

the dedicated word processors found themselves unprotected by any persisting special advantages in printing technology. 28similar decisions were made by all of the U s. computer manufacturers.


The 2013 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard.pdf

PFIZER INC.'S INFANT NUTRITION PFIZER INC. 30/11/2012 Acq. 100%MICROSOFT 6164 2 SKYPE GLOBAL SARL SILVER LAKE PARTNERS 13/10


The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&D Investment Business Trends.pdf

the overall expectations of all the other companies in the sample show a more positive outlook for industrial R&d at exactly the same global level as in past year's survey (4%).For some sectors,

while maintaining an R&d focus in the EU. Low expectations for R&d in the EU (1%p. a. in 2013-15) are due to the outlook of seven automobiles

Their outlook was compared significantly lower to the past(-0. 7%p. a. for 2013-15 vs. around 5%in our two previous surveys

%.While that level is a positive outlook for corporate R&d above the nominal EU GDP growth estimates at 1. 4%for 2013 and 1. 9%for 2014,15 the R&d investment expectations are not yet at the levels

their expected R&d investment changes are inline to the expected vehicle sales outlook for the next years,

& parts companies in China R&d investment of the 9 surveyed companies in China passenger vehicles sales outlook in China 14 The 2013 EU SURVEY on R&d Investment Business

also for US companies the 2013 outlook for R&d investment changes has been reduced to 2. 3%18 due to more moderate growth dynamics compared to the previous period. 19 The comparison of R&d investment


The future internet.pdf

Section VII presents the summary and outlook of this research. Finally some bibliography references supporting this research are included. 2 Challenges for Future Internet Architectures This section focuses on interdisciplinary approaches to specify data link and crossdomain interoperability to,

and Outlook In the future Internet new designs ideas of Federated Management in Future Internet Architectures must consider high demands of information interoperability to satisfy service composition requirements being controlled by diverse,

and provide an outlook to their mitigation, embedded in a systematic security risk management process. In cloud computing,

and Outlook As exemplified by these case studies and success stories, formal validation technologies can have a decisive impact for the trust

Trustworthy Clouds Underpinning the Future Internet 219 5 Outlook The Path Ahead Cloud computing is not new it constitutes a new outsourcing delivery model that aims to be closer to the vision of true utility computing.

and outlook to the enhancements of federated facilities. 2 Experiment Objectives and Requirements for a Concurrent Multipath Transport Alternative multipath transport services in future federated networks might employ concurrent or consecutive

At the next level, there are the actual software applications, such as for example a hosted ERP SOFTWARE package. At the next level, there are the required middleware components

which are used equally for different applications. At the lowest layer, there are the infrastructure resources, delivered through an internal or external cloud.

and realising enterprises software applications. In essence, while enterprise management and planning services will be increasingly available from the‘cloud',in a commoditised form,

units of work performed by software applications, typically communicating over the Internet 11. In general, a SOA will be implemented starting from a collection of components (e-services) of two different sorts.

section 5 presents conclusions and an outlook. 2 City and Urban Development Challenges In the early 1990s the phrase"smart city"was coined to signify how urban development was turning towards technology,

There is a critical gap between software applications and the provision of e-services in terms of sustainability and financial viability.

and developers. 444 H. Schaffers et al. 5 Conclusions and Outlook In this paper we explored the concept of smart cities as environments of open


The Relationship between innovation, knowledge, performance in family and non-family firms_ an analysis of SMEs.pdf

and long-term outlook (Anderson and Reeb 2003). These differences might be explained partly that family involvement affects activities and processes differently,


The Role of Open Innovation in Eastern European SMEs - The Case of Hungary and Romania - Oana-Maria Pop.pdf

the owner/manager's deep understanding of the industry and market contribute to creating a‘realistic'outlook:

Another reported disadvantage that is very typical of SMES is the difficulty concerning the development of a long-term strategic outlook that is necessary for OI to be successful.


The Young Foundation-for-the-Bureau-of-European-Policy-Advisors-March-2010.pdf

training programmes lack coherence, comprehensiveness or global outlook, and few developed channels exist for spreading skills, knowledge and experience.

or a global outlook. There are scattered elements of what is needed in civil service colleges, NGO training programmes, schools for social entrepreneurs and business schools.


The_Basque_Country_ Smart Specialisation.pdf

This is an intervention carried out with a comprehensive outlook with regard to strategic projects for the region.


TOWARDS TOWARDS A NETWORK NETWORK OF DIGITAL BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS_2002.pdf

, tiger Small organizations, universities, chambers o f commerce Basic e-services, Simple services Accounting sys, Payment sys, Groupware sys. Group


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