Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, OECD, Paris. OECD (2005), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities:
to be the first of a yearly outlook focused on digital trends emerging from both the managerial and scientific literature,
as said above, the book aims to be the first of a yearly outlook focused on digital trends emerging from both the managerial and scientific literature.
and Nadia Neytcheva Head of Research at the Business Technology Outlook (BTO) Research Program who have provided
and all the bright researchers at Business Technology Outlook (BTO) Research Program that have supported me in carrying out interviews, surveys, and data analysis:
and specialized software applications 2. It is the latest development in the computing models that performs computing functions on multilevel virtualization and abstraction by integrating many IT resources.
Cloud computing is simply about an innovative IT model for providing an ondemand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources such as networks, servers and software applications.
several other technologies are yet available such as Mashup systems, RSS syndication, social bookmarking, Podcast and widget.
and security risks involved in using certain software applications. Legal considerations. It is crucial to consider the different legal
Yammer will accompany Skype software, which is a communication product that Microsoft acquired last year for $8. 5bn
and it is supported by technologies such as electronic meeting systems, videoconferencing systems and instant messaging software applications like email and chat programs.
However, electronic meeting systems need to be distinguished from classic groupware and from web conferencing systems.
The main difference from groupware is the degree of collaboration. Groupware provides support for collaboration within groups of participants where their contributions are recognizable.
In contrast EMS enables the group to produce an artifact in a cooperative way, in
Also, during the execution of a business process, both groupware applications and EMS support and complement each other:
the groupware provides teams with capabilities related to researching and documents creation during the preparation stage for an EMS session or throughout the implementation of the results of such a conference.
and the way the workflow is configured pre in such software applications. Several associations in industry issue their own standards of document control criteria that are used in their particular field 4. Moreover,
Microsoft Sharepoint, IBM Lotus notes and Google apps for business. The latter one contains many useful applications such as Google doc for file sharing among team members,
Google Calendar for scheduling meeting at times that works for everyone with features such as reminders, Google Drive for storing, sharing
Google Sheets that enable spreadsheet 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems and Ideas 123 management with easy charts and discussion style comments,
which have gained the ability to capture live content that synchronizes with Powerpoint, webpages, and live video streams.
and explain some of the most adopted collaborative tools in the market such as Skype, Dropbox, and others.
Skype This application is a free voice over internet Protocol (VOIP) service and instant messaging that is developed by the recently acquired company by the software giant, Microsoft.
Skype can be used to meet the following goals: calling and video conferencing over the internet;
Google Drive and Google docs Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service provided by Google
Google docs is a freeware web-based office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service.
spreadsheets and presentations online while collaborating with other users live. With Google docs users and companies can do the following:
create, collaborate on, share and edit documents online; collaborate in a real time, which means that the users can see the changes instantly;
and share Microsoft office documents directly within a Web browser. It provides the ability to integrate with Microsoft office and outlook.
Users can share the documents on social networks. It supports geo-location data for photos uploaded onto the service.
and drawbacks of Cloud computing, considered an innovative IT model for providing on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable resources such as networks, servers, and software applications.
yields to a slightly lower Roa but arguably the future outlook from those higher growth rates will be worth the short-term sacrifice.
putting at risk its outlook for productivity, growth, human capital development and job creation. This report, part of the World Economic Forum's Fostering Innovation-driven Entrepreneurship in Europe project, examines
Since Skype, the speed at which Europe is generating billion-euro companies has been dramatically increasing.
Increased demand for collateral after the economic crisis restricts access to bank loans for entrepreneurs The European Small Business Finance Outlook 2013
The growth outlook and ambitiousness of enterprises is expressed by entrepreneurs'expectations concerning the increase in employee numbers as well as their ambitions on the international market.
and outlook required to become a serial entrepreneur. Among Europeans, 45%have thought never of starting a business;
and a change of outlook among the top management. What might these changes look like over the next 20-30 years?
See Silicon valley Bank (2013), Start-up outlook report. 13. For a general and extensive assessment on entrepreneurs and business-building, see Tjan, Harrington and Hsieh (2012), Heart, Smarts, Guts, and Luck:
Moreover, the strained geopolitical scenarios with rising tensions in a number of regions can also have negative consequences for the global economic outlook.
To a large extent, the improvement of the global economic outlook has been the result of bold monetary policies carried out by the Federal reserve
they could cause a great deal of disruption in the highly interdependent, global macroeconomic outlook. Finally, one of the legacies of the economic crisis is the acceleration of income inequality in many 2014 World Economic Forum 1. 1:
The risks to the global economic outlook remain very real. Past measures, mainly based on expansionary monetary policies, have helped to temporarily avoid a deeper recession and set the foundations for the global recovery in the short term.
which has led some rating agencies to downgrade the outlook of this Nordic economy. More precisely, Finland suffers from higher,
along with a better macroeconomic performance with a sharp reduction in the budget deficit, have resulted in this more positive outlook despite its very high levels of government debt.
The need to stabilize its macroeconomic outlook and ease the flow of financing toward productive investments will be crucial to allow the country to recover the ground lost since the beginning of the crisis. On a more positive note,
such as the World Economic Outlook series. 2 IMF 2014d. Table 1: Rankings of the 20 largest emerging economies on selected components of the GCI Public institutions Market competition Labor market efficiency GCI 2014 2015 rank Country 2014
African Economic Outlook 2014: Value Chains and Africa's Industrialisation. Available at http://www. africaneconomicoutlook. org/en/.
World Economic Outlook: Recovery Strengthens, Remains Uneven, April. WASHINGTON DC: IMF. Available at http://www. imf. org/external/Pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/..
Regional Economic Outlook: Sub-saharan africa: Fostering Durable and Inclusive Growth, April. WASHINGTON DC: IMF. Available at http://www. scribd. com/doc/220088938/IMF-Regional-Economic-Outlook-Sub-Saharan-Africa-Fostering-Durable-and-Inclusive-Growth-April-2014..
2014c. World Economic Outlook Database, April. Available at http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/index. aspx..
2014d. World Economic Outlook: The July 2014 Update. Available at http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/update/02/.
/Kaplan, D. 2009. Job creation and Labor Reform in Latin america. Journal of Comparative Economics 37 (1): 91 105.
IMF World Economic Outlook Database April 2014. GDP per capita (PPP $), 2013 (log) scale GCI 2014 2015 score (1 7) 2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report
World Economic Outlook Database, April. Available at http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/index. aspx.
In OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050: The Consequences of Inaction. OECD Publishing. 275 332. Ostry, J. D.,A. Berg,
African Economic Outlook online statistics (retrieved March 21, 2014; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Society at a Glance 2014;
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook database, April 2014 edition. Note: Not all charts are drawn to scale.*
all data in the Key indicators'section are sourced from the April 2014 edition of the International monetary fund (IMF)' s World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 400 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 2014 World Economic Forum 2. 2:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 400 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 China...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 401 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Luxembourg...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 402 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 United states...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition) 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 403 2014 World Economic Forum 2014 World Economic Forum Pillar 1 Institutions Data
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 438 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Timor-Leste1...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World bank, At-a-Glance Table; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Economic Outlook 2014;
national sources 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 439 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Ireland...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources NOTE: For inflation rates between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent, a country receives the highest possible score of 7. Outside this range,
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition) and Public Information Notices (various issues; African Development Bank, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
and United nations Development Programme, African Economic Outlook 2014; national sources 1 2012 2. 2: Data Tables The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 441 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Norway...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 2. 2: Data Tables 516 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 2014 World Economic Forum RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 Hong kong SAR...
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 1 2011 2 2012 2. 2:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World Economic Forum's calculations. For more details about the treatment of Hong kong SAR and Taiwan (China), refer to the section Technical Notes and Sources. 2. 2:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 0. 02 Population Total population in millions 2013 Sources:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 0. 03 GDP per capita Gross domestic product per capita in current US dollars 2013 Sources:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 0. 04 GDP as a share of world GDP Gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity as a percentage of world GDP 2013 Sources:
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition) Pillar 1: Institutions 1. 01 Property rights In your country, how strong is the protection of property rights,
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 3. 02 Gross national savings Gross national savings as a percentage of GDP 2013 or most recent year available Aggregate national savings
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World bank, At-a-Glance Table; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Economic Outlook 2014;
national sources 3. 03 Inflation Annual percent change in consumer price index (year average) 2013 For inflation rates between 0. 5 and 2. 9 percent,
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 3. 04 Government debt Gross general government debt as a percentage of GDP 2013 or most recent year available Gross debt consists of all
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition) and Public Information Notices (various issues; African Development Bank, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
and United nations Development Programme, African Economic Outlook 2014; national sources. 2014 World Economic Forum Technical Notes and Sources 540 The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 3. 05 Country credit rating Institutional
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 6. 15 Degree of customer orientation In your country, how well do companies treat customers?
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources 10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP Exports of goods and services as a percentage of gross domestic product 2013 Total exports is the sum of total exports of merchandise and commercial services.
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; national sources Pillar 11: Business sophistication 11.01 Local supplier quantity In your country, how numerous are local suppliers?
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook Database (April 2014 edition; World Economic Forum's calculations 2014 World Economic Forum 2014 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2014 2015 547 About the Authors Beñat
As in previous years, the Middle east and North africa depicts a highly diversified outlook in terms of the capacity of countries to leverage ICTS to boost competitiveness and well-being.
Although a link between this improvement and its current economic outlook cannot be established, renewed business confidence in the political environment may have contributed to this progress.
THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA As in previous years, the region depicts a highly diversified outlook in terms of the capacity of countries to leverage ICTS to boost competitiveness
For example, the app economy the business created by software applications running on smartphones has created hundreds of thousands of jobs. 21 One recent study estimates that the marginal impact of data utilization in the Ioe could raise US gross domestic product
and could have been analyzed automatically for example, a spreadsheet quantifying customer returns of different products at different stores over time.
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2013 edition; World bank, World Development Indicators (December 2013 edition) 1 2009 2 2010 3 2011 2014 World Economic Forum The Global Information technology Report
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2013 edition; World bank, World Development Indicators (December 2013 edition) 1 2009 2 2010 3 2011 2014 World Economic Forum 284 The Global Information technology
PPP figures were sourced from the World bank's World Development Indicators Online (retrieved December 10, 2013) and the International monetary fund's World Economic Outlook (October 2013 edition.
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2013 edition; World bank, World Development Indicators (December 2013 edition) 4. 02 Fixed broadband Internet tariffs Monthly subscription charge for fixed (wired) broadband Internet
PPP figures were sourced from the World bank's World Development Indicators Online (December 2013) and the International monetary fund's World Economic Outlook (October 2013 edition.
International monetary fund, World Economic Outlook (October 2013 edition; World bank, World Development Indicators (December 2013 edition) 4. 03 Internet and telephony sectors competition index Level of competition index for Internet services, international long distance services,
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