In addition, more powerful networks are required to cope with increasing communication between computers and an increasingly automated exchange of data.
and the protection of computers and data. We will devote particular attention to ensuring undistorted competition between companies, further reducing barriers to market entry,
and develop the computer, mobile phone and internet applications that are powering these changes. The needs span a wide range of skills,
25 4. 6 Mobile phone repair and computer assembly...26 4. 7 Green jobs...26 4. 7. 1 Green jobs and ICTS...
Moreover, most of the technology-based solutions rely on mobile phones (63 per cent), computers (39 per cent),
explaining why some programmes prefer mobile phones over computers. Other barriers, like initial and ongoing costs,
and carrying out work via their mobile devices. The very notion of the work place now reaches far beyond the local
or project that can be completed via the internet or mobile devices. Microwork is considered the smallest the most granular unit of work in a virtual assembly line. 88 It also requires the lowest level of skills.
including computer skills and English. Website: www. samasource. org 4. 3 Apps development There is speculation regarding how the growing trend of apps development will generate new employment opportunities for young people around the world.
The rapid rise of smartphones, tablets, and social media, and the applications-apps-that run on them,
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 26 4. 6 Mobile phone repair and computer assembly Mobile phone repair as well as computer maintenance and assembly continue to be important areas of youth job
Action Technique pour un Developpement Communautaire Action Technique pour un Developpement Communautaire (ATEDEC) is designed a project to educate orphans and vulnerable children in Rwanda in computer applications,
In partnership with a youth livelihoods programme called AKAZI KANOZE, youth are trained in computer maintenance and repair,
Being computer literate having the skills to perform basic computer operations used to be sufficient for most jobs entailing use of computers.
This chapter begins with a look at the evolution from computer to digital literacy, the latter widely recognized as a more comprehensive and relevant inventory of the range of ICT-related skills needed for success in career and life.
in combination with ICT skills, are deemed necessary for employment. 5. 1 Computer literacy Computer literacy refers to the ability to use computers and related technologies, from end-users to ICT professionals.
and software components. 116 Basic computer skills include (sample): turning a computer on and off; using a mouse and keyboard;
understanding basic computer terminology and concepts; understanding operating system, programmes, and data; managing files. Intermediate computer skills (sample:
performing basic functions of common productivity programmes (word processing, spreadsheet, presentation; using email and web browser; installing software and hardware.
Advanced computer skills (sample: programming; using advanced features of productivity programmes; fixing simple computer problems.
Computer literacy at the intermediate level is becoming required for almost every job. In the health sector discussed in Chapter 3 for example,
hospital employees must be able to use medical records systems, order supplies, manage appointments and perform other routine tasks on a computer that used to be done on paper.
Even in many jobs that do not entail contact with a computer employers are screening for basic computer skills as a minimum qualification for employment. 117 An increasing number of non-IT positions also expect people to have advanced more skills
such as basic troubleshooting and using advanced features in productivity programmes, though IT professionals are can still be relied upon for most advanced functions. 116 European commission,"Digital Competence in practice:
required job applicants to have computer skills even though they would not use computers in their tasks.
Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 30 5. 2 Digital literacy Most of today's attention around ICT skills is focused on the concept of digital literacy.
and not every ihubber133 with a laptop is an entrepreneur. Technology in itself isn't a business yet.
With the number of mobile phone devices far eclipsing personal computers in most of the world for many entrepreneurs in developing countries and rural areas,
a mobile device is a tool not only for contacting customers and accessing the internet, but also for making financial transactions, establishing a client database,
and transfer money easily with a mobile device. It has 12 million people who rely on it using the company's 20 000 distribution sites.
Other mobile payment processors that work with mobile devices, such as Square147, are also making business transactions easier for young entrepreneurs. 143 Small Business Toolkit
and widespread use of increasingly sophisticated technologies and applications that are available on smart phones, tablets and personal computers.
and dropbox (dropbox. com), to name a few which are readily available through tablets, mobile phones, and personal computers.
Laser cutters, vinyl cutters, CNC (computer numerical control) routers and CNC milling machines are often part of the equipment mix as well.
In all cases, mobile devices can help young students access information at their own pace, and in some cases minimize the costs
and cybercafés to combine the portability of smart phones with the broader functionality of personal computers.
and who frequent public access points found that they value the benefits of the computers for educational uses,
The most prominent example is the European Computer Driver Licence. 174 Despite its name there are accredited test centres in most countries in the world.
Digital Literacy curriculum, www. microsoft. com/about/corporatecitizenship/citizenship/giving/programs/up/digitalliteracy/default. mspx. 174 European Computer Driver Licence, www. ecdl. org.
Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 55 The European Computer Driving Licence is an international computer skills certification programme.
Outside of Europe it is known as the International Computer Driving Licence. The certification programme operates in 41 languages,
The programme consists of series of modules to build different levels of computer skills from basic to advanced that will prepare people for work or studies.
inadequate student-computer ratios; ICT learning restricted to studying basic computer literacy and not for learning other subjects;
Whereas basic computer skills and knowledge of productivity applications may still qualify a person for routine office work,
Telecentres, libraries, community technology centres and other places that offer computer resources, internet connectivity, and space for group activity are positioned ideally to implement programmes that will provide youth with the skills
Hackathon Event where computer developers, graphic designers, and/or other experts come together to collaborate and produce software projects,
and collaborate around computers, technology, or digital art. Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 70 HTML Hypertext markup language (HTML) is the main markup language for creating web pages
Information technology Outsourcing (ITO) Refers to the outsourcing of computer or internet related work, such as programming.
Mobile learning Learning via a mobile device or learning that happens when the learner is not at a fixed location.
She is a computer engineer and Phd candidate, with an MA in Computer science at UNICAMP, Brazil.
Given the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices, these tools will serve to empower members of the disabilities community to be able to more fully take part in society
and versatility of online maps and mobile devices for collectively gathering and sharing spatial information for improving accessibility for persons with limited mobility.
Proceedings of the 1992 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. pp. 107-114. Eden, C. 1999)' Using Cognitive Mapping for Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA'.
'Computer Supported Cooperative Work 21. pp. 417-448.73 Liu, K. 2000) Semiotics in Information systems Engineering.
Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
organised by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC) 11, an informal association of hackers from across Europe.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC), Europe's largest network of hackers, is the most prominent example of grassroots communities coming together to develop
the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody. The latest gathering of the CCC in 2012 in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 6, 000 participants.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) HACKERS NETWORKS 34 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
Another important trend, boosting the diffusion of open data is the increasing number of mobile devices.
Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
Today mobile devices with always-on Internet connectivity are becoming widespread. 74 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTEROPERABILITY50 In the area of copyright,
-Jahreskongresses-29c3-des-Chaos-Computer-Clubs-CCC. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 34 http://www. e-living. net/sites/default/files
https://www. flickr. com/photos/lliurealbir/5154011320/Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 41 Earth From Space At Night Wallpaper Hd Desktop 10 online Audphoto
The guidelines, the models and the system will be the result of an orchestrated cross disciplinary effort of European experts based on participatory design approach in diverse and complementary fields (art and design, computer
Examples include computers in classrooms, the use of assistive devices for the elderly, or implants to cut teenage pregnancy.
Through experiment it is discovered then how these work best (such as the discovery that giving computers to two children to share is more effective for education than giving them one each.
They ensure that Ubuntu runs reliably on every platform from the PC and the smartphone to the server and the cloud.
It is equipped generally with an array of flexible computer-controlled tools that cover several different length scales
and processed (by computer software and/or humans), e g. software applications, services, knowledge, taxonomies, folksonomies, ontologies, descriptions of skills, reputation and trust relationships, training modules, contractual frameworks, laws.
Computing environments likewise spilled over from the single computer to the local area network (LAN) at first, and eventually to the global Internet.
Networked computers motivated the development of distributed architectures and shared resources, culminating in the peer-to-peer (P2p) model.
and processed (by computer software and/or humans); potentially any description of the economic and social actors, their capacities, skills and the relationships between them (EC 2005a.
Computer science is concerned with the construction of new languages and algorithms in order to produce novel desired computer behaviours.
whether computer processes, humans, or a mixture thereof. 18 In the Web, due to the pressure of user needs, we see a continuous evolution of the protocols and artificial languages.
Understanding Computers and Cognition, A new foundation for Design, Noorwood, Newyersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation
A provisional framework for analysing relationships between social innovation and digital technologies Title: A provisional framework for analysing relationships between social innovation
ipad and ipod touch http://www. doingbusiness. org/specialfeatures/iphone Doing Business 2015 Spain 92
and expanding communitiesdemocratizing access to emerging technologiessmart Citizen Kittorchaos Computer Clubtable 5 29 The spread of organisation types across organisations on the map are represented in Table 6
Chaos Computer Club (CCC), Europe's largest network of Hackers, is the most prominent example of grassroots communities coming together to develop
the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody. The latest gathering of the CCC in 2012 in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 6,
organized by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC)( GE), an informal association of hackers from across Europe.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) hosts the annual Chaos Communication Congress, the largest hacker congress in Europe.
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
boosting the diffusion of open data is the Mobile Internet and the increasing number of mobile devices.
tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal. An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
mobile devices are generating ever-larger streams of personal behavioural data that have many potentially valuable public, personal and commercial uses.
or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e g. Flash, Processing, Maxmsp. 59 The boards can be built by hand
'The overarching Commons4eu project focuses on networked collaborative projects for use online and with mobile devices, based on the experience of Code for America,
and information presentation to users by means of mobile and web-based devices such as smartphones, computers and sensors.
Web scraping (web harvesting or web data extraction) is a computer software technique of extracting information from websites.
when downloaded and installed on a smartphone, laptop, tablet or other compatible device, helps turn the hardware into a router.
Working with similarly equipped devices within a range of approximately 20 meters, the mesh app then discovers,
as well as benefits the handset and tablet manufactures. The Open Garden app is free for anyone to install on his or her smartphone, tablet or computer,
and it also licenses its technology to carriers, device manufacturers and Organisations. For consumers this has the potential to offer:
Open Garden creates an overlay mesh network using Bluetooth and Wi-fi connections across a range of mobile devices, from smartphones to tablets to laptops and desktops.
and share anything from trumpets to laptop chargers with their neighbours. Peerby's uniqueness lies in its proactive approach:
Over 2 Million Organisation Name Raspberry Pi Short Description Raspberry Pi is an ultra-low-cost credit card-sized fully-functioning computer.
a team based at the University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. The idea behind the Raspberrypi came about as a way to try
and interacting with computers, as the team was concerned about the yearon-year decline in the numbers
Upton and the Raspberry Pi team sought to develop a tiny, cheap computer for kids
only if you opened up your computer and looked at its internal boards). Although seemingly basic in design, it has needed all the components to connect input,
Its small size and portability make it suitable for applications that other computers can't reach. 187 It has very low power consumption,
Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
For this reason Raspberry Pi computers have already been used as as learning tools in the context of various developing countries such as Afghanistan, Cameroon and Bhutan.
While the UNDP-backed One Laptop Per Child programme demonstrates that more rigorous assessment is needed to verify that the ICT (Information
On 18th of November it was announced that over 2m Raspberry Pi computers have been sold globally since going on sale for around £30 in February 2012.
With regard to Raspberry Pi's hardware, the board's low cost was made possible thanks to advances in integration that have shrunk effectively all the components of a desktop computer into a single silicon chip.
and the Wolfram Language installed into future Rasbian images, making Raspberry Pi devices a first-class platform for teaching computer-based mathematics techniques to children of all ages.
plug it into the tiny computer, and connect to a shared Wi-fi to access Coder through Chrome.
and you connect to your employer's computers to check or send mail, you can inadvertently reveal your national origin
USG staff cited outdated computers, browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data streams.
Unlike many early Internet-based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home which used spare computer processing power to analyse data, known as volunteer computing,
Some of the most important data is in forms that computers still can't process,
and expanding communitiesdemocratizing access to emerging technologiessmart Citizen Kittorchaos Computer Clubtable 5 29 The spread of organisation types across organisations on the map are represented in Table 6
Chaos Computer Club (CCC), Europe's largest network of Hackers, is the most prominent example of grassroots communities coming together to develop
the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody. The latest gathering of the CCC in 2012 in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 6,
organized by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC)( GE), an informal association of hackers from across Europe.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) hosts the annual Chaos Communication Congress, the largest hacker congress in Europe.
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
boosting the diffusion of open data is the Mobile Internet and the increasing number of mobile devices.
tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal. An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
mobile devices are generating ever-larger streams of personal behavioural data that have many potentially valuable public, personal and commercial uses.
or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e g. Flash, Processing, Maxmsp. 59 The boards can be built by hand
'The overarching Commons4eu project focuses on networked collaborative projects for use online and with mobile devices, based on the experience of Code for America,
and information presentation to users by means of mobile and web-based devices such as smartphones, computers and sensors.
Web scraping (web harvesting or web data extraction) is a computer software technique of extracting information from websites.
when downloaded and installed on a smartphone, laptop, tablet or other compatible device, helps turn the hardware into a router.
Working with similarly equipped devices within a range of approximately 20 meters, the mesh app then discovers,
as well as benefits the handset and tablet manufactures. The Open Garden app is free for anyone to install on his or her smartphone, tablet or computer,
and it also licenses its technology to carriers, device manufacturers and Organisations. For consumers this has the potential to offer:
Open Garden creates an overlay mesh network using Bluetooth and Wi-fi connections across a range of mobile devices, from smartphones to tablets to laptops and desktops.
and share anything from trumpets to laptop chargers with their neighbours. Peerby's uniqueness lies in its proactive approach:
Over 2 Million Organisation Name Raspberry Pi Short Description Raspberry Pi is an ultra-low-cost credit card-sized fully-functioning computer.
a team based at the University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. The idea behind the Raspberrypi came about as a way to try
and interacting with computers, as the team was concerned about the yearon-year decline in the numbers
Upton and the Raspberry Pi team sought to develop a tiny, cheap computer for kids
only if you opened up your computer and looked at its internal boards). Although seemingly basic in design, it has needed all the components to connect input,
Its small size and portability make it suitable for applications that other computers can't reach. 187 It has very low power consumption,
Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
For this reason Raspberry Pi computers have already been used as as learning tools in the context of various developing countries such as Afghanistan, Cameroon and Bhutan.
While the UNDP-backed One Laptop Per Child programme demonstrates that more rigorous assessment is needed to verify that the ICT (Information
On 18th of November it was announced that over 2m Raspberry Pi computers have been sold globally since going on sale for around £30 in February 2012.
With regard to Raspberry Pi's hardware, the board's low cost was made possible thanks to advances in integration that have shrunk effectively all the components of a desktop computer into a single silicon chip.
and the Wolfram Language installed into future Rasbian images, making Raspberry Pi devices a first-class platform for teaching computer-based mathematics techniques to children of all ages.
plug it into the tiny computer, and connect to a shared Wi-fi to access Coder through Chrome.
and you connect to your employer's computers to check or send mail, you can inadvertently reveal your national origin
USG staff cited outdated computers, browsers as well as Internet communication security policy as significant obstacles to accessing the UHP website and data streams.
Unlike many early Internet-based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home which used spare computer processing power to analyse data, known as volunteer computing,
Some of the most important data is in forms that computers still can't process,
Consumers themselves, with their increased use of the computer and of mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, are changing dramatically in terms of behaviour and expectations as shoppers.
For traders, e-commerce offers new ways to interact with their customers and to serve them through different channels and platforms.
More recently, with the growth and universal spread of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, a fourth and rapidly expanding channel has been added:
Consumers need a computer or mobile device and access to high-speed internet for shopping online. If a consumer wants to buy online he often needs to make an account, needs an e-mail address, needs an online payment method etc.;
if Hazadous Reduced Regulatory Requirement Requires County License Hazardous Flourescent Tubes Batteries Computers Electronics Silver Wastes Oil Antifreeze Special Wastes Solvents Electroplating Manufacture Process PCB,
the famous observation of Robert Solow that You can see the computer age everywhere but in the productivity statistics*.
Another major problem is that many growth accounting studies assume that buying a new computer instantly has a positive impact on productivity a notion that seems at odds with most organisations'experience.
Countries with high penetration levels for fixed telephone lines, mobile phones, personal computers (PCS) and the Internet appear to achieve the greatest economic benefit from ICT.
and vote online using flat-screen computer terminals. Digital documentation has replaced paper in preparations for cabinet sessions,
Stat Coefficients t Stat Constant 1. 7204 0. 6386 2. 8405 1. 4070 11.0409 3. 5639 Ln GDP pc-0
. 783 N 60 60 60 Ln GDP pc natural logarithm of GDP per head in 1995 at PPP, US$.
3. Personal computers (number per 100 population. 4. Internet users (per 100 population. Each indicator is transformed into an index scaled 1-10 (using minimum and maximum values of the indicator in our country sample.
3. 4749 24.9549 5. 1393 Ln GDP pc-2. 1840-3. 6787-2. 6461-4. 0388-2. 1148-3. 9894
France, Italy), 1995-2002 Initial GDP pc-0. 62 INV-0. 24 DEMOGRAPHY 0. 08 BUSENV 0. 47 SCHOOL 0
%respondents) Financial services 16 Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8 Automotive 4
As the powers of computers advance rapidly, new technologies will be tested, evaluated and modified on-line before physical equipment is constructed.
and public sector. This trend is underpinned further by the fast growth of smartphones, tablets and other devices enabling mobile internet access,
and 6%reported using a tablet. Similarly the fact that only 17%of the population reported using the internet for looking for jobs
an analysis of differences in computer and internet penetration, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
A Sociological Assessment of Trends and Causes,"Social science Computer Review, Vol. 21, No. 2 may 1, 2003,2003, pp. 144-161. http://ssc. sagepub. com/content/21/2/144. abstract Du, Y,
future scenarios and future directions for education and technology,"Journal of computer assisted learning, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2010, pp. 74-93.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17: 319 336. doi: 10.1111/j. 1083-6101.2012.01574. x Goerres, A. 2007), Why are Older People More Likely to Vote?
Understanding and addressing the concerns of stakeholders,"Computers & Security, Vol. 30, No. 8, 2011, pp. 803-814. http://www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S016740481100085x Mathers, C. D,
and life satisfaction, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 30, pp. 69 78. O'neill, Brian C.,Deborah Balk, Melanie Brickman,
although most of the major hospitals and the medical schools use computers for administrative purposes. ICTS have impacted greatly the health sector
and transportation of textual information using stand-alone computers. Some of the healthcare systems that have been developed include billing, financial systems, patient registration, computer based record systems and pharmacy systems.
Most of lab equipment and radiology equipment are computerized now and linked through data networks. Telemedicine which uses telecommunication
Healthnet one of the most widely implemented computer-based telecommunications systems in Sub-saharan africa, currently is being used in over 30 countries by around 10,000 healthcare workers to exchange ideas
performance achievements) Out of the health facilities that were visited only two (2) private hospitals used computers for the registration of patients.
None of the health facilities used computers to process immunisation activities. Seven (7) out of the eight (8) health facilities had documented a well plan on immunisation activities
Medical personnel most commonly use computers like accountants and secretaries. Until 1993, Uganda had centralized a health information system (HIS)
Districts that have a computer and resources to maintain it, are provided with an easy spreadsheet based system for compiling monthly and annual reports.
Shaping computer mediated social relations, Routledge, London Kasozi, M. and Nkuuhe, J. 2003. Uganda Chartered Healthnet promotes healthcare using Handheld devices.
Testing the use of handheld computers for heathcare in Ghana, Uganda, and Kenya. Report published:
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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