The most innovative industries, such as computers, instruments and pharmaceuticals also tend to be the most R&d intensive (Audretsch, 1995.
yet contribute considerably to innovation in newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995).
On the high-tech front, they make parallel-processing computers for Japan and satellite receivers for Germany.""12 41.
individuals move easily from semiconductor to disk drive firms or from computer to network makers. They move from established firms to start-ups (or vice versa) and even to market research or consulting firms,
and utilize computers (81,94) %and access & use the Internet (80.83%)in their activities. Three quarters of SMES use the electronic mail
Others Intranet Selling/shopping online None of the above Own website E-mail Internet Computers 518 Nelu Eugen Popescu/Procedia Economics and Finance 16 (2014) 512
the cost of R&d activities, lack of funds (or insufficient funds) and incertitude about the evolution of demand for new and innovative goods. Most SMES use computers, Internet and the e-mail in their business activities
http://www. cpc. unc. edu/services/computer/presentations/mi presentation2. pdf 42 Use the completed data X and the model to estimate the parameter of interest (e g. the mean) ß
For example if Maximum Likelihood (ML) were to be used instead of Principal Component (PC) the weights obtained would be:
Forman E. H. 1983), The analytic hierarchy process as a decision support system, Proceedings of the IEEE Computer society. 41.
Computer Physics Communications, 145,280-297.122. Saltelli, A.,Chan, K. and Scott, M. 2000a) Sensitivity analysis, Probability and Statistics series, New york:
the growth in smartphones and tablet devices has changed the way people shop and the constant connectivity has seen a shift in shopping time and location.
The use of mobile devices for online shopping and payments is accelerating, with Sweden and the UK in particular matching the global leaders in mobile shopper penetration.
accessing the web through a mobile device**Average worldwide Cross-border B2c E-commerce Most popular countries:
In addition about half of all visits to British e-retail sites was made through a smartphone or tablet during that period.
E-books and Apps are the best selling items on mobile devices Top 5 companies based on unique visitors 1. Zalando 2. Amazon 3. Euronics 4
such as digital data processing (the first computer was invented in the 1940s) or cellular telephone communication (the technological principles have been discovered in the 1920s).
b) computer-integrated manufacturing: co-occurrence of G06 and any of A21c, A22b, A22c, A23n, A24c, A41h, A42c, A43d, B01f, B02b, B02c, B03b, B03d, B05c, B05d, B07b, B08b, B21b
The other refers to computer-integrated manufacturing processes. While the former can be identified directly through IPC classes,
Applicants from East asia have a very strong industry focus on electronics (incl. computer, semiconductor and telecommunication) and instruments (optical, medical, measurement.
80 90 100 Europe North america East asia Row Total Public Research*Computer/Semiconductor Telecommunication Other Electronics Instruments Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Nanotech Biotech
percentage points)- 15-10-505 10 15 20 Europe North america East asia Row Total Public Research*Computer/Semiconductor Telecommunication Other Electronics Instruments
The electronics industry (sum of computer, semiconductor, telecommunication and other electronics) is the largest applicant sector for nanoelectronics, nanooptics and nanomagnetics.
research 31 25 33 39 25 22 45 Computer/semiconductor 1 18 3 8 8 19 6 Telecommunication 0 4
The largest applicant in North america is a computer company followed by a university and a diversified materials producer largely based on chemical technologies.
FR government 111 1 Hewlett-packard US computer 107 2 L'oreal FR chemicals 57 2 Univ. of California US research 90 3
US chemicals 42 9 Philips NL electronics 33 9 IBM US computer 37 10 Arkema FR chemicals 31 10 Univ
JP telecommunication 56 8 Fujitsu JP computer 52 9 Fujifilm JP chemicals 47 10 Seiko JP instruments 40 11 Pioneer
JP electronics 35 12 Toshiba JP computer 32 13 Showa Denko JP chemicals 29 14 TDK JP electronics 27 15
these industry sectors are semiconductors, computer, telecommunication, instruments, chemicals, automotive, defence, machinery, other materials, research,
70 80 90 100 Europe North america East asia Total Other Electronics Semiconductors Computer Telecommunication Instruments Chemicals Automotive Defence Machinery Other Materials
and for computer manufacturers in North america and East asia. European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 118error!
Other Electronics Semiconductors Computer Telecommunication Instruments Chemicals Automotive Defence Machinery Other Materials Research Source: EPO:
IT semiconductor 724 2 IBM US computer 645 3 ASML NL semiconductor 568 3 Intel US semiconductor 615 4 Philips NL
423 10 NXP NL semiconductor 193 10 Hewlett-packard US computer 395 11 S. O. I. Tec FR semiconductor 153 11
JP electronics 1392 3 Samsung Electronics KR electronics 1077 4 Fujitsu JP computer 903 5 Nikon JP instruments 736 6
the use in computers has decreased relatively. Nevertheless, Figure 4-20 shows that with a share of almost 40 percent of total sales (2007), computers still dominate the final use for semiconductors,
followed by the telecom market segment with around 25 percent. Figure 4-20: Worldwide semiconductor sales 2007, by market segment (percent) Industrial and military 8. 2%Consumer 20.5%Automotive 6. 3%Telecom 25.5%Computer 39.6%Source:
OECD, based on Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA. European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 124error!
and for computer manufacturers in North america and East asia. In Europe, patenting activities are concentrated highly among a few firms compared to North america and East asia.
and image guided systems make use of computer tomography in navigated surgery. Laser diagnosis and treatments in ophthalmology, dermatology and other medical fields have evolved into standard procedures.
Ultimately, photonics even promises to completely replace microelectronics as the technology that computers use to‘think'(optical computing), leading to a huge increase in performance (EC, 2008a.
The electronics industry (incl. computer and semiconductor) and the optical industry (including lighting, cable and solar cells manufacturers) together account for almost 60 percent of total photonic patents.
Telecommunication Semiconductor/computer Other Electronics Chemicals Glass/ceramics Other Materials Machinery/instruments Vehicles/defence Public research Source:
/cable/solar Lighting Telecommunication Semiconductor/computer Other Electronics Chemicals Glass/ceramics Other Materials Machinery/instruments Vechicles/defence Public research Source:
Other electronics (i e. electronics companies not specialised in telecommunication, semiconductors, computers or lighting) is the most important applicant sector for all four subfields in photonics. 30 percent of all lighting patents
21 17 21 Lighting 17 5 2 1 Telecommunication 2 2 18 11 Semiconductor/computer 5 9 10 6 Other
FR government 172 8 Honeywell US machinery 179 9 Inf ineon DE semiconductors 169 9 Hewlett-packard US computer 174 10
Seminconductor Energy JLPAB. semiconductors 358 13 Pioneer JP electronics 357 14 Fujitsu JP computer 353 15 NEC JP telecommunication 336
i e. computer-integrated, technologies into manufacturing processes that allow for a vertical integration of planning, engineering design, control, production and distribution processes.
Robotics, automation technologies and computer-integrated manufacturing are the keywords for AMT. Industries in which AMT are important can
B23p, B23q) computer integrated manufacturing (G06 and at least one of the following classes: A21c, A22b, A22c, A23n, A24c, A41h, A42c, A43d, B01f, B02b, B02c, B03b, B03d, B05c, B05d, B07b, B08b, B21b, B21d, B21f
EN computer-integrated manufacturing and robotics. What is more, a number of large electronics companies have important automation businesses (e g.
In the 1980s and 1990s several countries run programmes that supported the diffusion of computer-integrated manufacturing technologies
rows of clothes and people at laptops going about their business. Go back a week later and something will have changed in any vista that you recall from your previous visit.
At Nykredit, a Scandinavian bank, half of the customer interactions now come via mobile devices explains CIO Lars Mathiesen, up from almost nothing just a couple of years ago.
Its new Kindle tablet, for example, has dedicated a button that connects users to a helpline attendant via video chat, bringing a human element back into a routine support function.
Like an ipad that even two-year olds can use by pure intuition, the success of digital transformation is defined by the simplicity of it plus a layer of abstraction.
the CIO at US computer company Oracle, is also the Vice-chairman of the Utah Technology Council,
49,999 22%50,000 and more 19%23%Software, hardware and computer services Banking and financial services 19%8%Chemical, bio-and medical technology 14%Telecommunication operators
including such activities as finance, insurance, computer-related activities, R&d, advertising, marketing, accounting and consultancy.
%Computer Electronic and Optical Products Machinery and 1%Equipment 9%Transport Equipment 1%Other Manufacturing ICT Services 9%3%Business and Other Services
Chemicals and Chemical Products 22%Rubber and Plastic Products 3%Basic and Fabricated Metal Products 3%Computer, Electronic and Optical Products 9%Machinery and Equipment
including such activities as finance, insurance, computer-related activities, R&d, advertising, marketing, accounting and consultancy.
Data includes consumer spending on console (incl. handheld), PC games, online games and wireless/mobile games and video games advertising.
nurses & midwives 1 2 16 0 0 19 Other health associate professionals 1 0 1 0 0 2 Computer analyst
what was called a dumb terminal networked through a dialup modem to a mainframe computer located in another building.
or networked personal computer (PC)( Kline, 1980). These would enable much more, including graphics, sound effects, and multimedia user-generated content (UGC).
These pioneers were developing a wide range of creative digital learning tools such computer algorithms for analyzing student writing
Wayne Danielson of the University of Texas applied artificial intelligence (AI) to create an early tool for generating computer-written haikus.
Among youth, the level of smartphone and mobile device is even higher (80 percent among the 18-34 segment,
Software such as Daqri 3d allows the reader of a magazine to point her or his mobile device at an AR enhanced image in the magazine and access the embedded AR content.
Students can use mobile devices to access the interactive 3d graphic and explore the protein structure in ways previously inaccessible.
Students studying history, for instance, might use a variety of mobile devices to conduct community history. They might do recorded oral histories
Other forms can involve wider use of mobile devices. Clickers, for instance, enable students to answer questions posed by the instructor during live class.
Mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets can be used easily as well as clicker apps and other tools for active learning are widely available at low or no cost (Socrative, 2014).
This is a strategy to take advantage of many students'natural inclination toward ubiquitous and often non-stop mobile device use.
and specialize in activities that computers cannot, at least at this time. Reporters need to focus more on rigorous, enterprise and investigative reporting.
) Nonverbal communication and computer mediated communication to enhance online learning. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from http://sloanconsortium. org/conferences/2011/aln/nonverbal-communication
-and-computer-mediated-communication-enhance-online-lear Helfand, D. J. 2013). The social conquest of general education.
, computer hardware, computer software, and personnel)( Krishnan and Sriram 2000). Over time, firms that invest more than their competitors in IT tend to realize greater returns from the marketplace (Bharadwaj 2000.
and (4) number of personal computers and terminals per employee. Firm Performance. The firms participating in this study were SMES that were traded not publicly.
The Contingency Theory of‘Fit'and IT Implementation in Small and Medium Enterprises, Journal of Computer Information systems 45 (3), 88 95.
Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
organised by the Chaos Computer Club (CCC) 11, an informal association of hackers from across Europe.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC), Europe's largest network of hackers, is the most prominent example of grassroots communities coming together to develop
the club also fights for free access to computers and technological infrastructure for everybody. The latest gathering of the CCC in 2012 in Hamburg, Germany, brought together 6, 000 participants.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) HACKERS NETWORKS 34 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing
computer-friendly formats for anyone to download, use, and analyse, as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved
Another important trend, boosting the diffusion of open data is the increasing number of mobile devices.
Smartphones, tablets, PDAS and other devices are becoming smaller, faster, smarter, more networked and personal.
Today mobile devices with always-on Internet connectivity are becoming widespread. 74 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTEROPERABILITY50 In the area of copyright,
-Jahreskongresses-29c3-des-Chaos-Computer-Clubs-CCC. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 34 http://www. e-living. net/sites/default/files
https://www. flickr. com/photos/lliurealbir/5154011320/Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 41 Earth From Space At Night Wallpaper Hd Desktop 10 online Audphoto
and are now in many real life affordable devices, such as smartphones and tablets. The Commissions is investing €4. 4 million to support 12 different organisations across seven countries to identify just how well this new software works.
This so called‘Massachusetts Miracle'(Rosegrant and Lampe 1992: 2) ended in the late 1980s when a severe crisis begun because of the decline of the minicomputer industry and a reduction in military budgets, both on
and e-business (see Chapter 3). Basic ICT infrastructure Nearly all companies which use computers in the TLS sector said in 2007 that they were con E-business in the transport & logistics industry 6 nected to the internet (97%).
and other public or private organisations, conducted over computer-mediated networks. The goods and services are ordered over those networks,
and other public or private organisations, conducted over computer-mediated networks. OECD) E-business: automated business processes (both intra-and inter-firm) over computer mediated networks.
OECD) e-Interactions: covers the full range of e-transactions as well as collaborative business processes. such as collaborative online design processes which are not directly transaction focused.
The OECD WPIIS12 proposes a definition of e-business as"automated business processes (both intra-and inter-firm) over computer mediated networks"(OECD, 2004, p. 6). In addition,
and monitoring of freight haulage for terminals as well as for all other service providers of intermodal transport chains is one of the most challenging application domains for computer and business sciences in the transportation sector.
These systems span from simple computer automation systems to high-end feature-rich management programs that improve order picking,
%which use computers in the TLS sector said that they are connected to Internet. Exhibit 3. 1-4 Internet access and bandwidth (2007) Of those:
The adoption of internal computer networks is a first step towards the computer integration of business processes.
A computer network is composed of multiple connected computers that communicate over a wired or wireless (Local area networks LAN,
the use of ICT to connect computers internally to a company network increases with company size.
The IM@GINE-IT personal assistant is a small additional piece of software that will run on any mobile device
be it a mobile phone, mobile PC, PDA or in-car system. By communicating with Web-based services hosting the relevant information,
and interoperability by and for SMES. 3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software The open source model Open source software (OSS) is computer software
This allows for the use of existing network structures and inexpensive personal computers with almost any operating system as workplace computer.
%Companies using computers. N (for sector, EU-7)= 997. Weighting: Totals (for the sector and for all 7 sectors) are weighted by firms.
A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 65 has legal implications to both transacting parties. e-invoicing is mediated a computer transaction between a seller/invoicer (invoicing entity) and a buyer/payer (receiving entity),
such as barcode scanners, mobile computers, wireless LANS and potentially RFID to efficiently monitor the flow of products.
The solution has been implemented in over 245 railway stations where each selling point is equipped with a PC
%Companies using computers and which have the respective business function asked. N (for sector, EU-7)= 970 Weighting:
%Companies using computers and saying that only some or none of their processes are conducted as e-business.
(and the implied computer usage) is related to the LAN, WLAN and own company website adoption.
and statistics on the operations, using the information downloaded from the machines and consolidated in the computers of the company,
of computers in the year 2000. In this year the company had four computers operating. The computerisation of the main business processes of the company started in the year 2000 and now,
in 2008 the company has more than 50 computers. The big change in the computer adoption in the last has eight years has been the computerisation of all the processes.
This long and complex process has replaced previous manual processes with automated processes using computer systems and applications.
The computerisation of processes has represented a major operational change for the company. This centralised information system started as an e-business system project in the third quarter of 2007.
The technical backbone of this centralised information system are two high E-business in the transport & logistics industry 124 capacity computer servers (from Hewlett packard) in the central company office.
They are connected with all computers in centres with offices and ticketing offices. This way, AISA collects
Since the 1980s, with the introduction of the first computers in the ticket sales area, ALSA has been developing its current modern e-business and ICT systems.
The company introduced the first computers in the sales area in the 1980s. These computers were dedicated mainly to the ticket selling systems, the first E-business in the transport & logistics industry 135 implementation of ICT technology in the company in this department.
Since the year 2000 ALSA started the ticket sales system via internet (based on a B2c platform.
The operating system is Microsoft windows NT for PC's & PC Net Servers and HP-UX for RISC machines.
The solution has been implemented in over 245 railway stations where each selling point is equipped with a PC
the sales system sends the inquiry (entered by a CFR employee into the computer) to the reservation system
as well as to equip train staff with mobile devices connected to the systems to sell and print tickets in the train.
putting them together into a load by taking into account all different factors and constraints and entering the whole data into the computer.
1050 vehicles with computers, GPS systems and meter measuring systems, 350 stops with signs, 12 depots with dispatch systems to upload
New functionalities that have been developed are the connection to the FRIDA system via mobile devices (through offline data synchronisation
The person in charge of the bus control is equipped with a handheld PC and directly enters the information about the vehicle in the mobile device.
Once the bus check is finished, the handheld PC is connected to the PC at the office
and the data directly fed into the system. The solution allows today counting any vehicle that runs in Sweden whatever kind of vehicle is used:
Nearly all TLS companies (97%)which use computers in the TLS sector are connected to Internet.
The Intangible Costs and Benefits of Computer Investments: Evidence from the Financial Markets. Atlanta, Georgia:
The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox, American Economic Review, Vol. 80 (2), 355-61.
HP overtakes Dell in worldwide PC market. www. infoworld. com (last accessed on the 25th of July 2007.
Schreyer, P. 2002), Computer price indices and international growth and productivity comparisons, Review of Income andwealth, Series 48, No.
using computer-aided telephone interview (CATI) technology. The overall survey was divided into four separate projects (each using a separate questionnaire) focussing on different sectors
the survey considered only companies that used computers. For the first time, a cut off was introduced with regard to company size.
The highest level of the population was the set of all computer-using enterprises (and, in Project 1
and whose primary business activity was covered by one of the five sectors specified in the NACE Rev. 1. 1. 129 Evidence from previous surveys shows that computer use can be expected to reach 99%or more among medium-sized and large firms
24,25 911 911 1. 2 Steel 27.1-3, 27.51-52 449 1. 3 Furniture 36.12-14 Companies which have at least 10 employees and use computers
63.11+12+40 Companies that use computers 1, 097 Sampling frame and method For each sector
1 9 1 6 24 1. 8 Company does not use computers 35 75 32 76 35 5 110 398 1. 9 Company
the platform widget is made available also on social media channels and mobile devices. Puzzled by Policy Users can compare graphically their views on immigration with national and EU immigration policies,
based on the powers of computers and telecoms, can make a major difference to these figures. For example, the European commission's ecall system saves lives by having the car automatically dial 112 Europe's single emergency number in case of a serious accident
and distributed modes, the latter enabling participation in such conferencing from one's computer as opposed to a videoconference room,
E-office (internet, e-mail, portable computers, tele-servicing) Possibly reduces travel during work. May cause increase of long distance travel because of more on the move-move working options.
), Prorec Ireland and The irish Computer Society, an ICT Industry group was established in mid-2009 to report on the role that Healthcare ICT can play in delivering a world class health system to the citizens of Ireland.
We would also like to thank the Health Informatics Society of Ireland, Prorec Ireland and The irish Computer Society for their role in the initiative
Directly entering orders into a computer, at the point of care, has the benefit of reducing errors by minimising the ambiguity of handwritten orders,
ICT's Role in Healthcare Transformation Report of the Health ICT Industry Group Page 25 Increasing availability by Reducing Hospitalisation Bed-days through Computer-based Patient
. 7 Diagnostics Reducing Duplicate Surplus Laboratory and Chemistry Tests through Electronic Medical record/Computer-based Patient Record Over 800,
via medical apps for mobile devices to next generation gene sequencing. The creation of national/regional EHR infrastructures such as RHIO's in the US, the NHS Spine project in the United kingdom and NICTIZ in The netherlands, is complemented with efforts on creating commercial Web-based personal health
Healthcare providers and patients can access the most up to date medical resources anytime anywhere on their mobile devices.
Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE (2008) 318 323 9. Reiter, H.,Maglaveras, N.:
and most physicians are still using their computers mainly for billing or other administrative tasks.
1999), A Randomized Trial of a Computer-Based Intervention to Reduce Utilization of Redundant Laboratory Tests, American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 106, pp. 144-150.
PC-based exchange of scanned documents or manual faxing, pictures, portable document format (PDF) 3 Machine-organisable data transmission of structured messages containing non-standardised data;
or PC-based exchange of files in incompatible/proprietary file formats, HL-7 messages 4 Machine-interpretable data transmission of structured messages containing standardised
Institute of Medicine (1997), The Computer-Based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health care, National Academy Press, Washington, D c. Institute of Medicine (2001), Crossing the Quality Chasm:
with 89%of GP practices using computers for clinical purposes. Most practices had computer software
and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions, and most (78.3%)had speed a high Internet connection. Over half these practices (55.6%)had received a PIP payment for information technology/information management,
An earlier study by Nielsen in October 1997 had found that only 31.0%of practices had computers, most
This evidence depicts a rapid uptake of computers to access crucial patient information at point of care
have also been largely responsible for the significant levels of adoption of computers and patient management systems by GPS in rural Western australia.
By 2003 more than 80%of WA practices were using computers for clinical care and not just for practice administration (Figure 3. 1). This number has been growing since.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 Mcinnes, D. K.,D c. Saltman and M. R. Kidd (2006), General practitioners'Use of Computers for Prescribing and Electronic Health Records:
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES OECD 2010 High rates of basic computerisation A 2001 study found that 86%of Australian general practices had at least one computer
and found that most practices had the computer software and hardware to perform administrative and clinical functions,
Furthermore, GSGPN survey results from 2006 indicated over 80%of Western australia practices using computers for both clinical and administrative functions.
between the National Association of General practitioners and the government on an incentives package to promote the purchase of computers and the use of electronic medical records.
and a moderate increase in the fee for service for each private patient if the GP used a computer.
2) implement a patient management system within two years from the purchase of a computer;
and ii) a computer or web interface, linking sites, searches and application forms together. Mentoring type service delivery
Computer or web interfaces on the other hand are relatively cheap to run but still need staff to update links
Computer or web interfaces are suited in the following circumstances when: Clients are computer and internet savvy.
Access to broadband services are widespread. Clients that are sophisticated more require funding and limited advice rather than handholding, in depth reviews and advice on improving performance.
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