Building on these maths education programmes, the Government will provide a further $3. 5 million to encourage the introduction of computer coding across different year levels in Australian schools.‘
Actually in some sectors such as the computer sector, technological devaluation of the products occurs within a few months.
Three bond issues since 1997 funded the installation or modernisation of their Wide area network, structured cabling, data network, video network and computers.
Why not apply an installation within the loudspeaker system of the computer of the person for whom you would leave the message and
when switching on the computer? By the way, why does need she/he a switch to switch the computer on (mechanically?
Couldn't it be an optical, acoustical, chemical or biological starter? Oh yes, a biological starter!
My fingerprint to start the computer! So many passwords always changing which is often the problem no problem anymore with login or stolen passwords with my unique and never changing fingerprint,
For example, computer-services company EDS has instituted a fellows program to recognize innovative individuals who can serve as mentors for aspiring innovators in the company.
the techniques are referred often collectively to as solid free-form fabrication, computer automated manufacturing, or layered manufacturing.
For example, computer software can be tested furniture can be tested, store environments can be tested, dog food can be tested,
These include computer software; any drawing, map, chart or plan; photographs and films; architectural works;
Does your company own the rights to any computer software? If you answered yes to any of the above,
Discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods, Artistic creations, Schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business and programs for computers, Presentations of information,
e g. a software product or Internet service would best be advertised on the Internet on related websites, through email campaigns or dedicated computer literature or publications.
or plug-ins) Quality of the video camera Services provided by a program outside the browser Quality of the connection The processor speed of the computer Complex and expensive use"Innosupport:
emotional subjects or subtle knowledge that requires rich interaction with the computer or other learners;
The first of its kind in Italy, it has thirty-five multimedia computers, two telematic workstations and a room for videoconferences. 100 electronic programmes, CD-ROMS, encyclopedias and web sites,
Related topics are based web learning, computer-based learning and elearning. 9. 2. 7. Resources Bibliography Allen, M.,Michael Allen's Guide to E-learning, John
Dell. com Computer manufacturers Dell sells over two million dollars worth of equipment every day. Its success is due to using a built to order model.
This allows customers to purchase a bespoke computer which has been built according to their specification. Musicroom. com Internet Music Shop is an online retailer of music CD's. The business
Foreign language competence page 258 of 271 Isn't computer-based training a good alternative to courses?
%scientific activities (12%),computer and electronics (16%)and the rest were distributed in the others miscellaneous activities.
For Mexico, Businesses with 21 or more employees, 21-100 employees instead of 10-49,101-250 instead of 50-249,151-1000 instead of 250 or more. 3. Internet and other computer-mediated networks.
office accounting & computer machinery; radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;
office accounting & computer machinery; radio, TV & telecommunication instruments; medical, precision & optical instruments; electrical machinery and apparatus, n e c.;
In contrast, computers and electronics have high product obsolescence rates; which means higher and more continuous investment in incremental innovation (March-Chorda et al.
The fall in the price of computers and data storage devices coupled with the rise of the Internet, have made the use of digital information as a competitive weapon no longer just the domain of larger companies.
The most innovative industries, such as computers, instruments and pharmaceuticals also tend to be the most R&d intensive (Audretsch, 1995.
yet contribute considerably to innovation in newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995).
On the high-tech front, they make parallel-processing computers for Japan and satellite receivers for Germany.""12 41.
individuals move easily from semiconductor to disk drive firms or from computer to network makers. They move from established firms to start-ups (or vice versa) and even to market research or consulting firms,
the rapid decrease in computer prices, and the increased availability of the personal computer. I noticed clearly the impact of these new IT tools on the managerial and operational aspects of the activities of my trading entity.
The main problem I had to tackle was the high costs coupled to the communicative and managerial parts of company activities.
computers, computer networks, Intranet structures, Internet technologies, and similar tools. By outward-focused technology intake, I refer to expenditures on developing new products, new methods of production, new markets, new raw material,
touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information. These key technologies were incorporated in the updated regional development strategy-the Development Strategy of the Malopolska Region 2011-2020.
touchless computer interface, intelligent systems and universal access to information. Life science, biotech, biomedicine, pharma, health ICT Environmental technologies, energy Nanotechnology, materials South korea Seventeen New Growth Engines industries:
Research projects have focused on establishing common standards to ensure that information platforms are openly accessible through various types of mobile devices.
cloning and genetic screening Computers that do not really help to raise the quality of education DDT,
Computer stelt economisch weinig voor (Computers say very little), Volkskrant, 1999 (4 october). 54 J. Lambooy, Economisch paradijs bestaat niet (An economic paradise doesn't exist), Volkskrant, 1999 (27-09-99). 882 R. Smits/Technological Forecasting & Social
One example is the open architecture of computer operating systems in the software industry. Businesses within the pharmaceutical industry are looking to different models for addressing human needs in developed as well as developing countries.
when I left to Yogyakarta or set behind my computer. Finally I acknowledge all respondents. 1. Introduction This study aims to understand how firms innovate by absorbing knowledge from local innovation systems and global value chains.
(computer training, etc) 12 12 IHS Working Paper 27.2013. Innovation in SMES. The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 24 7. Global Value Chains This section analyses whether the embedding of firms in value chains,
and communication technologies>improve interoperability of computer applications used by different stakeholders>develop a standard framework for freight information exchange covering all transport modes
Running on a PC, the model can be used to simulate different road, track, driver and tyre combinations,
Its innovative platform comprises a Unified Operative Centre equipped with fixed and mobile devices, and linked via a TETRA terrestrial trunked radio network with‘black box'sensing
80 60 40 200 Pharmaceutical industry Electronics (radio, TV and telecommunication equipment Motor vehicles Machinery product and equipment Computer services Other business service 2000 2001 2002
and advancement of their co-operation. 3) The development of content service. 4) The promotion of digital literacy supporting innovation and creativity and the increase in private computer and mobile penetration. 39 vision
such as computer-aided manufacturing systems and self-service kiosks. These tools and can be used in the internal operations of organizations (business, government and nonprofit;
Wilson finds that of all types of capital, only computers, communications equipment, and software are associated positively with multi-factor productivity. 44 Hitt
the benefits of Internet and computer use for productivity are established also well. A large number of studies in the late 1990s and early 2000s confirmed at a micro level that ICT has a positive effect on firm productivity in both the United states and Europe. 57 Varian et al.
a recent cross-country study found that for Apple's ipad, on average 14 percent of the purchase price went to taxes,
Firms do not simply plug in computers or telecommunications equipment and achieve service quality or efficiency gains.
and liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors. 159 The intent was to boost the production of these high-value products in Europe,
Any government policy that makes computers more expensive will discourage use and reduce the possible benefits of IT.
and R. Town, Productivity and the PC Revolution (working paper, Center for Research on Information technology and Organizations, 2001);
(21) Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products (26) Air transport (51) Publishing activities (58) Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities (59) Programming
and safety gains by using computers to automate existing manual processes. For example, computerised ordering systems largely substitute paper orders with electronic orders.
2, 25 12 Computer Services 4 2, 34 109 3, 36 13 General Industrials 4 2, 34 172 5, 30
40 1. 35 7 Computer 173 7. 25 7 Quality assurance 16 0. 54 8 Military/Aerospace 150 6. 29 8
and the EU in flat panel displays of all types, used for mobile phones, tablets, computers, TVS and other consumer electronics devices.
and the EU in flat panel displays of all types, used for mobile phones, tablets, computers, TVS and other consumer electronics devices.
and advertising on the ipad is increasing rapidly. See the web services value chain in Appendix 3 for the verticalization strategy used by Apple, Google, etc.
tablets and PCS and other consumer electronics. In this subsector the EU has lost practically any initiative,
because all that is required is a computer and a desk and living expenses for the entrepreneur.
first, at the homebrew computer club in Silicon valley hosted at Stanford university which had an open IP culture;
the original processor conceptual design for its smart phones and ipads is licensed Cortex from ARM in the UK,
Apple was the first to do it followers are Google with Android and the various Android-based apps stores (with a Google smart phone or tablet possibly soon),
If so, it will be the largest active matrix OLED plant planned worldwide for small/medium panels (i e. for mobile devices.
In this way, the Japanese will build mass market scale in mobile phone and tablet size screens (3 to 12) for the expected market expansion from 2013 to 2016.
and Apple's ipad showed the limitations of its first generation device. It has recently been bought out by a Russian sovereign wealth fund to set up production in Russia.
Here the protection of IPR through patents has allowed Apple to defend its position against newcomers attempting to enter some of its markets (e g. smart phones and tablets.
Apple aggressively prosecuting its own supplier, Samsung, over tablet design. Registered existing patents held by others,
Moreover the knowledge of how APIS work is essential for the ICT industry to build compatible software modules for instance the PC industry could not have been created without it,
We may expect this importance will be amplified over the coming decades as all three figure in tomorrow's ICT world of mobile devices,
Fairchild sold transistors for the new B-52 bomber's navigation computer, at $200 each, to IBM military research in Owego (Edwards, 2012.
to make a whole computer motherboard for under $700. Following R&d injections from Xerox PARC, over the next 20 years it then developed a series of highly successful small computers with quite conventional operating systems
and quite advanced human interfaces to offer ease-of-use for high productivity. Early on Apple developed a strong emphasize on industrial design in functionality
It has led to the ipod, iphone and ipad and itunes and Apple's App store. Apple has had failures,
In the mid-1970s in California there was also the idea that computers would somehow bring freedom to everyone,
shown a technology that let users interact with a workstation via graphics, with windows, icons and pull down menus (WIMPS) instead of entering complex line commands.
taken from book, Mcgraw hill, October 2010, The innovation secrets of Steve jobs. Evan Doll,(2011) Designing for ipad, presentation, from slideshare. com, 2011.
Xavier Dalloz, intermediary between France and Silicon valley and ICT innovations reporter (also new tablet launcher.
The Google computers and server were stored in Page's graduate residence. Stanford university seem to have extended considerable tolerance to Page and Brin, turning a blind eye to them acquiring computing resources.
Skype users can use their computer to call other Skype users for free anywhere in the world,
and makes use of background processing on computers running Skype software; the original name proposed Sky peer-to-peer reflects this.
Hermann Hauser, a founding director of Acorn Computer; Steve Kahng, president of Power computing Corporation; and Esther Dyson, president of Edventure Holdings, of New york. In September 1997, further investment of about $10 million came from a financial group headed by Lord Young of Graffham, former Secretary of state for Trade
Especially significant was the ipad launch in early 2010, which transformed market expectations. Moreover over 2009-2010, Apple advanced, launching the slender, larger screen colour ipad
cutting retail prices and attracting business users, while Amazon revamped the Kindle DX, adding full PDF functionality, slimmer size 79 and price,
The Que's pricing was just too high at $649 for Wifi-only-against the ipad at $499 for Wifi only,
The resulting‘electronic ink'has many applications, from point-of-sale signs in retail stores, to next generation displays in mobile phones, tablets and electronic books.
In 1982, photographer Richard Greenhill realized that programmable personal computers would make robots possible and perhaps enable his vision of a general-purpose robot that could bring him a nice cup of tea.
with the launch of its first PC-based controller, entering a new era of mechatronics for KUKA, for precise interaction of software, controller and mechanical systems.
The aim of using PC-based controllers is to deliver consistently high quality for both industrial and consumer products for a wider range of sectors, taking robots into far more industrial applications,
Virtually all of the 80,000 robots installed in the field use the PC-based controller, making KUKA the leading PC-controlled robot manufacturer worldwide.
KUKA currently offers a wide selection of advanced designs, with its range of 4 and 6 axis robots from payloads of 3 kg to 1300 kg and 350 mm to 3700 mm reach,
All are controlled from the common PC based controller platform. 97 How did KUKA achieve this market position and highly innovative reputation?
Development Business Concept & plan Operating systems (eg Android) Smartphones (eg iphone) Tablets (eg ipad, Amazon Fire) E-readers (eg Amazon Kindle) MP3 music players (eg ipod) 3rd party apps developers Set up
261-Manufacture of electronic components and boards, 262-Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment, 263-Manufacture of communication equipment, 264-Manufacture of consumer electronics, 268-Manufacture of magnetic
and optical media, 4651-Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral equipment and software, 4652-Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts, 582-Software publishing, 611-Wired telecommunications
activities, 612-Wireless telecommunications activities, 613-Satellite telecommunications activities, 619-Other telecommunications activities, 6201-Computer programming activities, 6202-Computer consultancy activities
, 6209-Other information technology and computer service activities, 6311-Data processing, hosting and related activities, 6312-Web portals, 9511-Repair of computers and peripheral equipment,
9512-Repair of communication equipment. 136 References Cassi, L.,Corrocher, N.,Malerba, F. & Vonortas, N. 2008.'
of computers and peripheral equipment 263 Manufacture of communication equipment 264 Manufacture of consumer electronics 268 Manufacture of magnetic and optical media ICT services 4651 Wholesale of computers
web portals 951 Repair of computers and communication equipment With respect to the technology, examples of the characterization used include:
Communications & Networks, Electronics & Computers, Information Services, Semiconductors, Software and Other IT. This data source was selected for EIPE
production, hunting and related service activities 30 2. 3%Computer, electronic and optical products 28 2. 1%Nanotechnology and engineering 26 2. 0
. 1%Biotechnology 25 1. 9%Other manufacturing 24 1. 8%Computer, electronic and optical products 23 1. 8%Grand total 742 56.8
products Computer, electronic and optical products Electrical equipment Food, beverage and tobacco products Furniture Handicrafts Machinery and equipment n e c.
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products C. 26.1: Manufacture of electronic components and boards C. 26.2:
Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment C. 26.3: Manufacture of communication equipment C. 26.4: Manufacture of consumer electronics C. 26.5:
computer services and software manufacturing. As a further disadvantage, US companies were quicker to recognize the significance of Asia
nevertheless the sector itself very quickly returned to the path to recovery, partly due to the highly innovative nature of its companies and to the growth of some sub-sectors, e g. computer and mobile communication services.
The export of computers and peripheral equipment-equally crucial for ICT-has shown a steady growth in absolute terms since 2009.
whereas computer services, news agency services, database services and online publishing are classed as IT and information services.
imports (led axis) The trade volume of computer and information services is nearly twice as much as that of communication services;
in addition to which the computer and information services sector also recorded a major trade surplus in contrast with communication services,
on technology and computer services (right axis) Balance of trade in communica? on services (right axis) Export of informa?
on technology and computer services (lek axis) Import of informa? on technology and computer services (lek axis) Export of communica?
on services (lek axis) Import of communica? on services (lek axis) 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
and computer software to be used in connection with and instrumental to carrying out research and experimental developments'.
Capital expenditure is composed of expenditure on land and buildings, instruments, equipment and computer software. Sources: Hungarian Central Statistical Oice (HCSO;
Manufacture of electrical equipment Manufacture of transport equipment Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of computer
Budapest 0 30 31 60 61 90 91 29 685 Numbers of research units (pc) apart from Budapest898 12 w w w. n i h
and the Western Pacific reported a higher use of electronic transmission of health records than computer use to collect health data.
In recent papers, Mckay, Douglas and colleagues (17,18) document their experience implementing clinical workstations at the point of care in Malawi.
and software system using touch screen clinical workstations which collected individual patient information, analysed the data and presented information on national protocols.
which means that computer software designed for this purpose must reflect its complexity. Capturing and using individual patient information electronically also requires installation of computer equipment at or close to the point of care.
In addition to the cost of the computer hardware and software, EMR/EHR systems require substantial resources including electricity, a controlled environment, training, maintenance and support.
Data are entered into a computer (often from paper) from where they can be analysed and retrieved. Computerized data and electronic communication:
aggregation can be done automatically by a computer counting the incidents of interest over a given time period this might provide early evidence of emerging
It defined mhealth as an emerging term for medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAS),
and other wireless devices. mhealth applications include the use of mobile devices in collecting community and clinical health data,
The SNOMED CT is a collection of medical terms covering most areas of clinical information that is systematically organized to be processed by computer.
Touchscreen clinical workstations at the point of care: guiding protocols and managing data in Malawi.
Inpatient computer-based standing orders vs physician reminders to increase influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates: a randomized trial.
which allows physicians to enter orders for diagnostic and therapeutic actions directly into a computer for execution.
Information and communication technology (ICT) Includes the computers software, data-capture devices, wireless communication devices, and local and wide area networks that move information,
Theme Action mhealth Identify the diverse ways mobile devices are being used for health around the world and the effectiveness of these approaches.
-2013.47 2. 3 Wireless-broadband penetration, Bhutan, 2008-2013.50 2. 4 Proportion of households with a computer and proportion of households with Internet access, 2012-2013, Qatar...
as a percentage of GNI p. c.,by region, 2013.129 4. 16 Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013.130
, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.136 4. 8 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.138 4. 9 Fixed
for example when people use multiple devices (e g. smartphone, tablet) and SIM CARDS. Looking towards the future, the growth potential for mobile broadband looks promising,
In Uruguay, the El Ceibal initiative has driven ICT usage in schools, in partnership with the One Laptop per Child (OLCP) project.
and the country's more recent One Tablet per Child (OTPC) initiative has helped increase the learner-to-computer ratio in schools.
In some cases, computers have been introduced in schools without Internet access, which effectively Chart 1. 23: Proportion of ICT-qualified teachers versus proportion of teachers trained to teach subjects using ICTS, by region, 2009-2012 Note:
Proportion of teachers trained to teach basic computer skills (or computing)(%Proportion of teachers trained to teach subjects using ICT(%)Anguilla Argentina Azerbaijan Bahrain Barbados Belarus Cayman islands Chile Montserrat Cuba Egypt Jordan Lithuania Malaysia China
Available data collected by UIS at the international level shows that education systems in countries seem to put more emphasis on training teachers to teach subjects using ICTS than on training teachers to teach basic computer skills or computing (i e.
or a computer are now being collected by more than 100 economies worldwide, and data on Internet use in businesses by almost 70 countries,
and includes five infrastructure and access indicators (fixedtelephone subscriptions, mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, international Internet bandwidth per Internet user, households with a computer,
Percentage of households with a computer: The definition of computer was revised to include tablet or similar handheld computers in addition to desktop and laptop computers,
so as to reflect the uptake of these devices. The definition of household access was refined so that, in order for a household to have access to ICT equipment or services,
and percentage of households with a computer (updating the definition of computer to include tablet
and similar handheld computers but excluding smartphones). Differences among countries included in the IDI. The calculation of the IDI ranking Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI) 40 ICT access Reference value(%)1. Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
2. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 3. International Internet bandwidth (bit/s) per Internet user 4. Percentage of households with a computer 5. Percentage of households
According to data from the European union (EU), 85 per cent of Danes have some level of computer skills (compared to the EU average of 67 per cent)
and 42 per cent of the population have high computer skills. 7 In 2010, the digital economy accounted for more than 5. 8 per cent of GDP,
Household ICT connectivity is extremely high, among the highest in Europe, with 93 per cent of households with Internet access and households with a computer by end 2013.
A somewhat lower proportion of 81 per cent of households have a computer. International Internet bandwidth is relatively low
which underlines the importance of household access. 14 All European countries included in the top ten of the IDI have a household ICT penetration (both households with a computer and households with Internet) of at least 88 per cent.
Iceland and The netherlands display the highest levels of households with a computer, at 97 and 95 per cent, respectively. 15 In Luxembourg and Norway,
and relatively high levels of household ICT connectivity, at 80 per cent of households with Internet and 82 per cent with a computer.
and in increasing the proportion of households with a computer from 33 per cent in 2012 to close to 40 per cent in 2013.
The proportion of households with Internet stands at 96 per cent and the proportion of households with a computer at 97 per cent in 2013 (see Chart 2. 4). A report by ICTQATAR shows that Qataris are not only almost all very well-connected at home,
Over the period 2012-2013, the ownership of devices such as mobile phones and laptops increased significantly within the country's mainstream population. 32 The report also highlights discrepancies in ICT connectivity between Qataris and westerners
Therefore, increasing the penetration of newer devices such as smartphones and tablets, particularly in specific demographic segments like the transient labour population is one of the policy recommendations brought forward by the report (ICTQATAR 2014).
Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Fixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions
Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptionsfixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions broadband
-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed
. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone
0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptionsfixed
computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptionsfixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolmentliteracy Estonia 2012 2013 53
. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Fixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active
. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptionsfixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions
Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet
0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed
. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1. 0 Mobile-cellular subscriptions International Internet bandwidth per Internet user Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptionsfixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolmentliteracy Qatar 2012 2013 Chapter
Proportion of households with a computer and proportion of households with Internet access, 2012-2013, Qatar ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database. 91.5 88.1 97.2 96.4 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Households with a computer Household with Internet access 2012 2013 Per 100 households Thailand is one
Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Fixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolmentliteracy Thailand 2012
Households with a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptionsfixed-broadband Internet users subscriptions Active mobilesubscriptions broadband Secondary enrolment Tertiary enrolmentliteracyunited Arab Emirates 2012
and fewer than 5 per cent of households in all LCCS have a computer. Basic voice services are more widely available although LCCS like Eritrea (6 per cent),
An electronic malaria information system (e-MIS) uploaded on the health workers'mobile devices shows malaria volunteers where to find patients and the status of their treatment,
-INTERNET%20 USE%20and%20skills. pdf. 15 Qatar (ranked 34th) has 97 per cent of households with a computer by end 2013.15 https://ec. europa. eu
3. Regional IDI analysis 90 In terms of ICT household connectivity, Qatar stands out not only in the region but in international comparison with more than 96 per cent of households with Internet access and with a computer.
Oman saw high increases in terms of both households with Internet access and households with a computer as a result of the National PC Initiative.
secondary school or higher education studies) in Oman are offered one free computer per student. Furthermore Omantel provides discounted broadband Internet offers for eligible customers. 8 Wireless-broadband penetration levels vary considerably across the region.
By end 2013,29 per cent of households had a computer. Data from the annual ICT household survey show that,
since 2008, computers have replaced telephones as the most commonly available ICT device in Thai homes.
The Russian Federation had the highest proportion of households with Internet access and households with a computer in the region by end 2013, at 67 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively.
In Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan, more than half of households have Internet access at home and a computer.
Those countries also display an equally high level of households with a computer. In the majority of countries in Europe (25 out of 40), 70 per cent of households have Internet access;
and in an even higher number of countries (28 out of 40), 70 per cent of households have a computer.
Albania ranks last in the region also in terms of household ICT penetration, with 22 per cent of households with a computer and 24.5 per cent with Internet access by end 2013.
and at least 50 per cent had a computer. Household Internet access remains very low in the LCC Cuba (3 per cent),
In Brazil, for instance, 44 per cent of all households with a computer did not have Internet in 2013
such as tablets, Mifi dongles, Blackberry, etc. Some operators, like for instance Rogers in Canada and Verizon in the United states, are allowing customers to pool the data consumed by different devices in a single subscription. 23 In addition,
Mobile broadband Handset-based Computer-based Prepaid Postpaid Prepaid Postpaid Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role of competition 126 plans are bundled often with mobile voice
The global average price for a computer-based mobile-broadband service with 1 GB monthly data allowance was PPP$ 36.6 (or USD 24.4) for prepaid plans and PPP$ 30.0 (or USD 19.2
where postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband plans cost 37 per cent less than the corresponding prepaid plans in PPP terms.
Differences between prepaid and postpaid computer-based mobilebroadband plans are marked less in developing countries, suggesting that operators differentiate less between postpaid and prepaid offers for the time being.
Prices were compared cheaper with computer-based plans because the monthly data allowance was half as large.
Unlike in the case of computer-based mobile-broadband services, the prices for postpaid and prepaid handsetbased mobile-broadband plans were similar,
It is much less 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Number of countries 2013 handset-based (500mb) Prepaid handset-based (500mb) Postpaid computer
-based (1gb) Prepaid computer-based (1gb) developing developed 160 2012 Postpaid 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 Chart 4. 12:
Computer-based services with a monthly allowance of 1 GB are about six times more affordable in developed countries, on average.
The average price for a computer-based mobile-broadband service with 1 GB monthly data allowance corresponded to more than 20 per cent of GNI p. c. in Africa,
and prices are just slightly above that value in the case of computer-Chart 4. 15:
prepaid computer-based plans being the only ones clearly above that threshold. Country data for The americas reveal that there are a number of countries
suggesting that postpaid rather than prepaid is the base offer for regular computer-based mobile-broadband customers.
Average prices for computer-based mobilebroadband plans with a monthly data allowance of 1 GB suggest that mobile broadband could be a cheaper alternative to fixed broadband in many Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role
Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013 Note:
Chart 4. 16 shows a comparison of prices for fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband plans with a 1 GB monthly allowance.
are based computer and include a monthly data allowance of at least 1 GB. Although the minimum data allowance is the same,
where an entrylevel fixed-broadband plan corresponds to 10.6 per cent of GNI p. c as against 3. 2 of GNI p. c. for a computer-based mobile-broadband plan.
computer-based plans). In many countries in Asia and the Pacific, there is little difference between fixed-broadband and mobile-broadband prices.
Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 Rank Economy Mobile-broadband, postpaid computer-based (1 GB) GNI p
Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 (continued) Note:**Data correspond to the GNI per capita (Atlas method) in 2013
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband, postpaid computer-based (1 GB) GNI p. c.,USD, 2013*Monthly data allowance (MB) as%of GNI p
Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 Rank Economy Mobile-broadband, prepaid computer-based (1 GB) GNI p
Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 (continued) Note:**Data correspond to the GNI per capita (Atlas method) in 2013
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband, prepaid computer-based (1 GB) GNI p. c.,USD, 2013*Monthly data allowance (MB) as%of GNI p
/page=internet conectividad&sub=internet. 20 For instance, the latest Computer literacy Survey in Sri lanka (2009) found that only 20 per cent of the household population (aged 5-69) could use a computer on their own (Department of Census
and do not require a computer. Voip is also known as voice-overbroadband (Vob), and includes subscriptions through fixed-wireless,
and dividing by the total number of Internet users. 4. Percentage of households with a computer A computer refers to a desktop computer, a laptop (portable computer or a tablet or similar handheld computer.
Household with a computer means that the computer is available for use by all members of the household at any time.
The computer may or may not be owned by the household, but should be considered a household asset. 3 Data are obtained by countries through national household surveys
irrespective of the device used (not assumed to be only a computer it may also be a mobile telephone,
tablet, PDA, games machine, digital TV, etc..Access can be fixed via a or mobile network. Household with Internet access means that the Internet is available for use by all members of the household at any time.
It can be via a computer (i e. desktop computer, laptop computer or tablet or similar handheld 223 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 computer), mobile phone
inhabitants 0. 20 International Internet bandwidth per Internet user 0. 20 Percentage of households with a computer 0. 20 Percentage of households with Internet access 0. 20 ICT
mobilecellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, international Internet bandwidth per Internet user, percentage of households with a computer and percentage of households with Internet access.
127.5 c International Internet bandwidth per Internet user**787'260 261'221 d Percentage of households with a computer 100 93.1 e Percentage of households with Internet access
. 90 0. 20 0. 92 z4 Percentage of households with a computer d/100 0. 20 0. 93 z5 Percentage of households with Internet access e
*20 0. 18 y4 Percentage of households with a computer z4*.*20 0. 19 y5 Percentage of households with Internet access z5*.
and supported by different devices (handset and computer), mobile-broadband prices were collected for two different data thresholds,
and b) computer-based mobile-broadband subscriptions. 5. Mobile-broadband prices should be collected from the operator with the largest market share in the country, measured by the number of mobile-broadband subscriptions.
a) there are differing market leaders for specific segments (postpaid, prepaid, computer-based, handset-based; b) there is no offer available for a specific sub-basket. 7. Prices should be collected for prepaid and postpaid services, for both handset and computer-based plans.
If there are several plans, the plan satisfying the indicated data volume requirement should be used. 8. Where operators propose different commitment periods for postpaid mobile-broadband plans,
i. 1 GB for USB/dongle (computer-based) subscriptions ii. 500 MB for handset-based subscriptions.
ipad) should be excluded. Allowances during the night are included not..Source: ITU. 239 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 1 The Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) was created in May 2009 with the mandate to revise the list of ITU supply-side indicators
In the 2013 revision, EGTI agreed that ITU should collect prepaid and postpaid prices, for both handset-and computer-based services, with the following volume allowances:
1 GB for computer-based and 500 MB for handset-based usage. The EGTI proposals to measure mobile-broadband prices were endorsed by the eleventh World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium held in December 2013 in Mexico city, Mexico.
-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants International Internet bandwidth Bit/s per Internet user Percentage of households with computer Percentage of households
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants International Internet bandwidth Bit/s per Internet user Percentage of households with computer Percentage of households with Internet access
Percentage of households with computer, 2012: 1) Estimated based on 2011 proportion of households with a computer and using annual growth rate of 3%.2) Preliminary. 3) Refers to PC
or laptop. 4) Data correspond to dwellings (not households). 5) Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013.
and/or have access to a desktop, laptop or TABLET PCS. Sample weights have been applied. 6) Personal computer included desktop computer, laptop/notebook/netbook/tablet and palm top/Personal digital assistant (PDA),
but excluded digital diary and electronic dictionary. 7) Estimate. 8) From Household Socioeconomic survey-2012.9) Census data. 10) Computer includes the number of personal computer, Notebook,
and PDA. 11) U s. Census bureau, table 4: http://www. census. gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012. html. Percentage of households with computer, 2013: 1) Labour force Survey 2013.2) Cambodia Inter-censal
Population Survey. 3) Refers to PC, laptop or a tablet. 4) Data correspond to dwellings (not households).
5) Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013. The estimate is based on households who own and/or have access to a desktop, laptop or TABLET PCS.
Sample weights have been applied. 6) Preliminary. 7) Estimated. Percentage of households with Internet access, 2012: 1) Estimated based on 2011 proportion of households with internet and using estimated annual growth rate of 2. 8%.2) Preliminary. 3) Data
correspond to dwellings (not households. 4) Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013. The estimate is based on households who own
Not restricted to access at home. 5) Incl. desktop computer, laptop/notebook/netbook/tablet, but excluded palm top/Personal digital assistant (PDA) and other devices for Internet connection (e g. smartphone,
6) Accessing from personal computers. 7) Estimate based on 2011 Census Population Household Projection Estimates. 8) From Household Socioeconomic survey-2012.9) Break in comparability:
Refers to access at home, on cell phone or other mobile device and via mobile modem. 10) Census data. 11) Excl. households
http://www. census. gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012. htm. Percentage of households with Internet access, 2013: 1) Labour force Survey 2013.2) Corresponds to all type of internet connections
Not restricted to access at home. 5) Included desktop computer, laptop/notebook/netbook/tablet, but excluded palm top/Personal digital assistant (PDA) and other devices for Internet connection (e g. smartphone,
27) Reference period for computer and Internet usage is 3 months only. 28) U s. Census bureau, Table 2:
http://www. census. gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012. htm. Percentage of individuals using the Internet,
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