| Hand-held computer (143) |  |
| Laptop computer (35) | |
| Notebook computer (10) | |
| Portable personal computer (3) | |
| Subnotebook (6) | |
| Hand-held computer (143) | |
| Laptop computer (35) | |
| Notebook computer (10) | |
| Portable personal computer (3) | |
| Subnotebook (6) | |
This so called‘Massachusetts Miracle'(Rosegrant and Lampe 1992: 2) ended in the late 1980s when a severe crisis begun because of the decline of the minicomputer industry and a reduction in military budgets, both on
and its cousin the minicomputer, much adaptation and specialization has been required to apply a general purpose information processing machine to particular purposes or tasks.
and computation applications supported the birth of the minicomputer industry. These two developments provided the key trajectories for the birth of the personal computer.
Digital Equipment Corporation, the leading minicomputer manufacturer retreated from its vertical marketing strategy of offering computer systems specifically designed for newspapers, manufacturing enterprises, and service companies;
display and entry to mainframe and minicomputer systems. From their introduction, personal computers had software enabling the emulation of these terminals, providing further justification for their adoption. 30 For an historical account of a potential alternative path of user-driven technological development
and ultraportables, including netbooks. This includes operating systems; systems software such as databases and security packages; business applications;
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