computer peripheral equipment and software 4652 Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts 5820 Software publishing 61 Telecommunications 62 Computer programming,
o Computer science and engineering with respect to university faculties, o Computer science with respect to scientific publications, o ICT hardware and software with respect to R&d activity performed in R&d centres,
the EIPE ID card Activity Characteristic Name of Indicator Indicator ID Nr R&d Agglomeration Universities ranked in the QS University ranking Agrd 1 1 Academic ranking of a Computer science
faculty Agrd 2 2 Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 3 3 Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty Agrd 4 4 R&d expenditures by ICT firms
11 Scientific publications in Computer science Agrd 12 12 Internationalisation Outward ICT R&d internationalisation Intrd 1 13 Inward ICT R&d internationalisation Intrd
of indicator Universities ranked in the QS University ranking Academic ranking of a Computer science faculty Employer ranking of a Computer science faculty Citations ranking of a Computer science faculty R&d expenditures by ICT firms FP7 funding
Measures the number of universities in QS university ranking Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the academic ranking of QS Measures the performance of the Computer science faculty according to the employer ranking of QS Measures the performance
of the Computer science faculty according to the citations ranking of QS Measures the average annual amount spent on R&d in the ICT sector Measures the amount received for research in ICT R&d Unit of measurement Region's share in the total
number of EU ranked universities to a region's share in the EU population The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the academic ranking The highest rank of a Computer science faculty in the employer ranking The highest rank of a Computer science
ICT firms in the EU to a region's share in the EU population Region's share in the total EU FP7 funding to a region's share in the EU population Definition of ICT dimension None Computer science faculty Based on NACE Rev
of indicator FP7 participations FP7 funding to SMES FP7 participations by SMES Location of ICT R&d centres Ownership of ICT R&d centres Scientific publications in Computer science
in the Computer science area produced by organisations located in the observed region Unit of measurement Region's share in the total number of FP7 participations to a region's share in the EU population Region's share in the total EU FP7 funding
's share in the EU population Region's share in the total number of R&d centres owned by EU firms to a region's share in the EU population Region's share in the total number of publications in Computer science to a region's share in the
. 4) Computer science as defined by Web of Science classification of Research Areas Unit of observation NUTS 3 Source FP7 database by EC DG Connect (see Section 5. 2) ICT
The performance of universities and computer science faculties across the world, as reported by the QS University ranking.
measured in terms of the number of publications in the computer science research area, of the research institutions in Europe for the period 2000-2012 from the Web of Science by Thomson Reuters. For a detailed description of the data source, see Section 5. 3. 20 Company-level
and Computer science and Electronic Faculties originate from the QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS. It was formed in 2008 to meet the increasing public interest in comparative data on universities and organisations,
of which is Computer science, additional faculty-level information is extracted for the purpose of the EIPE study.
including Computer science. This information allows us to observe the location of research and education in ICT activities at world-level.
For the purpose of the EIPE exercise, journals classified in the Computer science research area are considered.
which permits the inclusion of EIPE-relevant fields such as Computer science. This information allows us to observe the location of ICT R&d activity.
App 1 and j N i ij App App 1 All computations for this case are shown in the middle part of Table 14.
7) i ij N j Inv Invapp 1 (7')j ij N i App Invapp 1 The bottom part of Table 14 indicates all computations
Computation of measures of internationalisation of three fictitious patents P p ij ijp Invinv Inv 1 j=US j=DE j=FR i N
An algorithm for modularity analysis of directed and weighted biological networks based on edge-betweenness centrality.
During the current programming period (2014 2020) of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), regional and national authorities should develop RIS3
For the current programming period (2014 2020), regional and national policy makers are required to develop RIS3 before investing ERDF resources in R&i (European commission, 2010b.
which they will concentrate in the upcoming programming period. Many of the activities indicated by the regions
and RIS3 priorities are ICT and computer programming; this is possibly linked to other scientific activities since RIS3 deal with R&i.
'ICT and‘electric communication technique'and‘computing, calculating, counting';'energy and‘generation, conversion or distribution of power'.
materials recoveryinformation service activitiescomputer programming, consultancy and relatedactivitiesadministrative and support service activities 19 On the other hand, priority choices could simply be based more on future plans than on existing or growing areas of activity.
and communication technologies (ICT) Computer programming consultancy and related activities Information service activities Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities Programming and broadcasting activities Publishing activities
Telecommunications Manufacturing and industry Basic metals and of fabricated metal products Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Biotechnology Chemicals and chemical products Coke and refined petroleum
Computer programming, consultancy and related activities J. 63: Information service activities As our approach is aligned with the underlying logic of the Frascati Manual,
Information technology sciences account for 24.4%of total awarded domestic tender funding and nearly 18%of the number of successful tender applications.
Figure 23 shows the respective share of information technology sciences from the Research and Technology Innovation Fund in terms of awarded tender amounts and the number of successful tender applications in 2007-2012.16
These being exceptionally high percentage rates mean that information technology science could prove an engine of Hungarian innovation also in the long term provided of course that tender funds are used to generate adequate returns.
the heading of the table reads‘information technology sciences'.'The reason for this is that of all scientific disciplines designated by tender applicants in their tender applications,
information technology is the discipline which is closest to the ICT sector and so it is positioned best to provide adequate information for evaluating the tender performance of the ICT sector.
Kaleidoszkóp Kaleidoszkóp (the name refers to the multifaceted nature of RDI) is the name of the information system used by the National Innovation Office.
INNOVATION OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Research, Development & Innovation in Hungary This publication was made under the auspices of the National Innovation Oice, Department of RDI Observatory.
and mapping project opportunities Kaleidoszkóp (the name refers to the multifaceted nature of RDI) is the name of the information system used by the National Innovation Oice.
Cable can and does serve (1) as an alternative to making FTTX upgrades, especially in areas where the cost of fibre upgrades would be particularly uneconomic,
thus providing cost savings; and (2) as a second fixed network in a given area, providing a facilitiesbased fixed network alternative to an FTTX network,
The upgrade to HFC cable systems to enable state-of-the-art bandwidth is comprised of two distinct processes:(1) upgrade to Eurodocsis 3. 0 standards,
and (2) driving fibre progressively closer to the end-user as and when needed to meet customer demand.
however, the upgrade can be undertaken as and when needed. This cost can vary greatly depending on how the existing cable plant was deployed,
Moreover, these upgrades have been in progress for some time (and are continuing), so part of the cost has already been incurred.
There is no imbalance between the cost of incrementally upgrading cable systems in comparison with customer willingness to pay for the upgrades;
Conversely, upgrades to VDSL or to FTTH became more expensive on a per-subscriber basis as the population density declines.
Cable can and does serve as (1) an alternative to making FTTX upgrades, especially in areas where the cost of fibre upgrades would be particularly uneconomic, providing cost savings;
or (2) as a second fixed network in a given area, providing a facilities-based fixed network alternative to an FTTX network,
Cable can and does serve (1) as an alternative to making FTTX upgrades, especially in areas where the cost of fibre upgrades would be particularly uneconomic,
thus providing cost savings; and (2) as a second fixed network in a given area, providing a facilities-based fixed network alternative to an FTTX network,
Cable can and does serve (1) as an alternative to making FTTX upgrades, especially in areas where the cost of fibre upgrades would be particularly uneconomic,
thus providing cost savings; and (2) as a second fixed network in a given area, providing a facilitiesbased fixed network alternative to an FTTX network,
What does it cost to upgrade existing cable infrastructure to Eurodocsis 3. 0? To what extent has existing cable already been upgraded for broadband communications purposes?
and/or upgrade of cable infrastructure accelerate the deployment of telecoms broadband? Section 2 reviews the DAE objectives.
LSE Enterprise ltd. & The Information technology and Innovation Foundation; April 23 Grimes, A.,Ren, C. and P. Stevens (2009:
The upgrade to HFC cable systems to enable state-of-the-art bandwidth is comprised of two distinct processes:(1) upgrade to Eurodocsis 3. 0 standards,
and (2) driving fibre progressively close to the end-user as and when needed to meet customer demand. Both upgrades have been in progress for some time.
The cost of upgrading existing digital cable systems to Eurodocsis 3. 0 is minimal. The cost of driving fibre into the network can be significant;
however, the upgrade can be undertaken as and when needed. This cost can vary greatly depending on how the existing cable plant was deployed, the availability of existing ducts,
There is no imbalance between the cost of incrementally upgrading cable systems in comparison with customer willingness to pay for the upgrades;
Upgrade to HFC cable systems is comprised of two distinct processes:(1) upgrade to Eurodocsis 3. 0 standards,
and (2) driving fibre progressively close to the end-user as and when needed to meet customer demand. Both upgrades have been in progress for some time.
Some cable operators choose to use purely fibre-based systems (e g. GPON) for some customers, for example in greenfield development settings.
The upgrades that we are considering in this chapter are concerned primarily with capacity, but there is also an issue regarding specifically upstream capability.
There are no major impediments to the upgrade. Within the 2020 time frame that is relevant for DAE objectives,
http://www. kabeldeutschland. com/en/presse/pressemitteilung/unternehmensnachrichten/may-31-2012. html and http://www. digitalfernsehen. de/index. php?
Upgrade to a Eurodocsis 3. 0 enabled network, Upgrade of the Eurodocsis 3. 0 enabled network by progressively driving fibre deeper into the network if and as needed in order to meet capacity requirements.
This process is already ongoing; thus, a portion of these costs have already been incurred. In understanding the cost and complexity of these upgrades,
it is helpful to consider the physical and logical structure of the HFC/DOCSIS cable infrastructure,
Fibre Hub Active digital equipment 55.5.3.1 Upgrade of traditional broadcast cable networks to enable broadband communications Considerable work is needed to enable a traditional cable network to deliver broadband connectivity;
however, this has long since been accomplished throughout Europe. 5. 3. 2 Upgrade from a DOCSIS 2. 0 to a DOCSIS 3. 0 enabled network The migration from DOCSIS 2 to DOCSIS 3. 0 requires:
Implementation of DOCSIS 3. 0 modules into the CMTS (an upgrade that is typically carried out for the entire CMTS;
(and pay for) the higher bandwidths that are only possible with DOCSIS 3. 0. 68 5. 3. 3 Upgrade of a DOCSIS 3 enabled network Cable is shared a medium;
such upgrades might or might not require physical deployment of additional fibre. HFC segmentation/node splitting is inexpensive to implement in cases
The upgrade will tend to be more expensive in those cases where civil works are required;
Second, upgrades can be undertaken gradually and incrementally, if and as needed. Cable systems can thus be upgraded incrementally, to 2020 and well beyond,
which the upgrade from DOCSIS 2. 0 to DOCSIS 3. 0 has been handled. One nasty problem would remain.
Conversely, upgrades to VDSL or to FTTH became more expensive on a per-subscriber basis as the population density declines.
Conversely, upgrades to VDSL or to FTTH became more expensive on a per-subscriber basis as the population density declines.
The cable industry can finance these upgrades itself without public funding. The observation, rather, is that the degree to
The UK's Digital Road to Recovery, LSE Enterprise ltd. & The Information technology and Innovation Foundation, April.
/q=story/european-forum-learning-futures-and-innovation 15 http://www. efvet. org/index. php?
Making sure that technological innovation (e g. 1 to 1 computing) in formal education settings is part of a wider transformation agenda
Making sure that technological innovation (e g. 1 to 1 computing) in formal education settings is part of a wider transformation agenda
and orchestrate ICT-ELI. 1. 6 1. 6 1. 6 9. 0 13.9 42.6 29.5 72.1 Making sure that technological innovation (e g. 1 to 1 computing
. 6 25 5. 59 17 (1. 47)( 0. 87)( 1. 41)( 1. 54) Making sure that technological innovation (e g. 1 to 1 computing) in formal education
5 9 A note on terminology 11 information systems in the literature 13 2. 1 Maturity and adoption models...
Patient information systems, for example, have the ability to track individual health problems and treatment over time, giving insight into optimal diagnosis and treatment of the individual as well as improving the delivery of services.
Analysis of data in patient information systems can lead to new insight and understanding of health and disease
It examines the adoption and use of patient information systems in Member States and reviews data standards and legal protection for patient data.
and globally showed that electronic information systems are being adopted increasingly within health settings; while this is seen primarily in higher-income countries, emerging economies such as Brazil, China and India,
While some low-income countries have been able to attract technical and financial resources to install patient information systems at some sites,
patient information systems designed for high-income country health systems may not be appropriate in low-income countries In particular,
Of course, these issues are only relevant to electronic patient information systems. While use of such systems is increasing
particularly given the difficulty of implementing patient information systems in general. However, the value of individual patient data for improved patient care is very much a case of‘connect the dots':
These are important foundation blocks for the implementation of patient information systems because they facilitate clear communication.
The report concludes with an overview of steps Member States can take to facilitate the implementation of patient information systems.
The key to effective patient information systems is to retain the link between the individual and the data collected over time
Many health information systems do not in fact retain data in the form of an individual patient record.
and management to help them understand the role of individual patient information systems, the current state of their deployment,
which to develop a framework for action to improve the effective use of patient information systems.
and is subject to various legal limitations (3). Patient information systems in the literature 13 2 Electronic patient information systems have the potential to improve health by giving health professionals improved information about their patients.
The literature review covers health information systems with an emphasis on the management of patient information and will help contextualize the survey results.
or describe the current level of information technology adoption in the health sector. These are useful benchmarks
when looking at patient information systems. Capability Maturity Model The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)( 4) was defined originally for software development by Carnegie mellon University
and is useful for assessing health information systems. Five levels are defined along the model's continuum.
Patient information systems in the literature Patient information systems in the literature 14 Level 1. Initial (chaotic, ad hoc, individual heroics) the starting point for use of a new process.
architecture vision, business architecture, information system architecture, technology architecture, opportunities and solutions, migration planning, implementation governance,
This continuous cycle is the key to successful information system improvement in this process. Australian National ehealth Interoperability Maturity Model Individual health information must follow the patient as s/he receive services from various providers.
facilitating a shared understanding across technical and semantic issues. 1 See for more information, http://enterprise-architecture. info/and http://www5. opengroup. org/togaf Patient information systems in the literature 15 Measured:
and national standards. 2 www. himss. org 3 http://www. cdc gov/nhsn/CDA ESURVEILLANCE. html Patient information systems in the literature 16 2. 2
these countries may move to more complex data systems including patient information systems, which rely on ICT infrastructure.
The Gates Foundation sponsored a comprehensive analysis on the state of health information systems in developing countries that was published in 2009 (10.
The first three focus on the development of the district health information system from manual (level 1) through optimized (level 2) and electronic reporting (level 3). Level 4 incorporates operational health ICT systems
Their top level is integrated a fully national health information system, which includes data from all public and private sources.
what works and how many of these lessons apply equally to developed countries. 4 http://www. asksource. info/res library/ict infodev. htm Patient information systems in the literature 17 2. 3 Benefits of electronic
Patient information systems in the literature 18 Studies have shown improvements in health information technologies increasing adherence to guideline
6 5 http://www. ihtsdo. org/snomed-ct 6 http://www. who. int/classifications/ichi/Patient information systems in the literature 19 2. 6
and encounters with patients and the‘front line'of the health information system. It is not only the source of patient data
Adoption of patient information systems is linked to country resources. 0%20%40%60%80%100%Very high High Medium Low None No answer Paper Electronic Electronic transmission
-middle income Low income None No answer Paper Electronic Electronic transmission Data formats Data format There appears to be a direct relationship between country income and the adoption of electronic patient information systems and communication
Figure 2 shows that high-income countries report medium to very high use of electronic information systems in over 50%in these categories for electronic communication of health data.
In contrast, only a small percentage (4%)of low-income countries report medium adoption of electronic patient information systems and communication of health data and none report higher levels
and access to trained professionals to implement electronic patient information systems at the local level. Analysis of survey results 26 Figure 3. Individual patient data collected in local health care facilities
In basic health information systems, data may be aggregated directly at the time and point of care using tally sheets
The European Region's high deployment of both paper-based and electronic patient information systems is at 25%and 22%,respectively.
Countries in the high and upper-middle income groups tend to have higher adoption of electronic patient information systems. 0%20%40%60%80%100%Very high High
which is likely to indicate that some countries do not use electronic patient information systems for individual patients at the national level.
Electronic information systems rely on standards; in order to share and aggregate data, countries utilizing such systems need to collect data using standard definitions and formats.
which countries can use in developing indicators for their health information systems. Eighteen per cent of the responding countries report using this toolkit to strengthen their health systems. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Other IXF DCMI DDI SDMX CEN/ISO GFATM
Metadata standards Countries tend to be advanced fairly in the planning for information systems before they see the need for
Unfortunately the importance of metadata is understood usually only after a country becomes involved with planning and information systems.
using Extensible Markup language (XML) to express the data. It takes a life-cycle approach to data;
and legal foundations for solid future growth of electronic records and their electronic transmission. 53 The survey results and supporting literature make a compelling case for the broad adoption of patient information systems
national health system priorities and institutional will also play key roles in the successful implementation of patient information systems,
for WHO including specific reference to patient information systems, interoperability, and privacy of patient information and security (36).
and implementation of ehealth services including patient information systems. It calls on governments to form national ehealth bodies to provide guidance in policy and strategy, data security, legal and ethical issues, interoperability, cultural and linguistic issues,
and request input from WHO offices to assist with the more detailed elements of strategy development and ehealth services planning including advice on patient information systems.
Electronic health information systems have been shown to be effective at improving the quality and efficiency of health services.
The survey demonstrates that the greatest barrier to adoption of patient information systems is the lack of resources.
Human resources for implementation and training are the greatest cost of patient information systems. Free open-source software enables the development of sustainable local human resources for the implementation and maintenance of health information systems by drawing on a community of developers and users
all of whom share advances. Each project can benefit from the efforts of the community and,
and enable the development of sustainable health information systems. Further, it can leverage the investment in trained human resources for maximum benefit.
A major and well recognized obstacle to the adoption of patient information systems, particularly in developing countries, is the lack of skilled health informatics professionals.
Member States will facilitate the adoption of health information systems. In time these professionals can provide a sustainable bridge to improved use of health information and most importantly, better health. 57 1. Electronic medical records.
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information technology, United states Department for Health and human services (http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt/community/electronic medical records/1219/home/15591
Health information systems in developing countries: a landscape analysis. Vital Wave Consulting, 2009 (www. minsa. gob. pe/ogei/conferenciaops/Recursos/43. pdf, accessed 2 july 2012). 11.
Data exchange with the country response information system and UN AGENCY software. A step by step guide. Geneva, UNAIDS, 2006 (http://data. unaids. org/pub/Basedocument/2007/cris de web final en. pdf, accessed 28 march 2012). 33.
and control data in information systems and databases; it can also refer to an application of data dictionary systems.
Health information system A health information system includes the people, processes and technology to collect, communicate, manage, analyse,
A health information system may be referred to as a health management information system or health management information system and is also likely to comprise any number of subsystems.
Information Information is data which has been processed and organized into a meaningful output which can be used for decision-making or understanding concepts.
and support these systems. 63 Interoperability The ability of health information systems to exchange data in a semantically meaningful way,
for the benefit of the whole community (freedom 3). Note that access to the source code is a precondition for all of these freedoms.
Each publication in the series is targeted primarily to ministries of health, ministries of information technology, ministries of telecommunications, academics, researchers, ehealth professionals,
The collected data are stored in a SQL database maintained by WHO database administrators, and can be exported as a Microsoft excel file for further analysis using other statistical software.
and the data analysis was performed using R statistical programming language. 14 Data were analysed by thematic section. For closed-ended questions
Public health Information and Geographic Information systems (GIS) World health organization 73 Response rate by WHO region Administratively WHO is made up of six geographical regions,
http://eacea. ec. europa. eu/llp/leonardo/leonardo da vinci en. php http://ec. europa. eu/education/lifelong-learning-programme/doc1208 en. htm For inquiries
://www. erasmus-entrepreneurs. eu/page. php? pid=051 EU-Who do I call? 36 37 38 39 5. EU-Who do I call?
Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs NCP http://www. erasmus-entrepreneurs. eu/page. php? cid=05 Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs is a grant providing promising European entrepreneurs with the skills necessary to start
The irish Software engineering Research Institute (LERO), a global leader in software engineering research; and The Institute for the Study of Knowledge in Society (ISKS),
For example, in the recent revision of Nigeria's GDP, it was found that the telecommunication industry accounted for more than a quarter of the upgrade in GDP. 12
(or computing)(%Proportion of teachers trained to teach subjects using ICT(%)Anguilla Argentina Azerbaijan Bahrain Barbados Belarus Cayman islands Chile Montserrat Cuba Egypt Jordan Lithuania Malaysia China
Available data collected by UIS at the international level shows that education systems in countries seem to put more emphasis on training teachers to teach subjects using ICTS than on training teachers to teach basic computer skills or computing (i e.
32 In view of the ubiquitous availability of communication networks, the use of new information technologies (e g. mobile technologies) should be leveraged for improving the collection
geospatial information and geographical information systems Open data policies should be envisaged to ensure accountability and promote transparency The role of data,
/18 Eurostat news release of 16 december 2013 and http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/statistics explained/index. php/Social media -statistics on the use by enterprises. 19 Data refer mostly to the year
http://sustainabledevelopment. un. org/index. php? menu=1561.25 See http://unstats. un. org/unsd/broaderprogress/progress. html. 26 Outcome Document Open Working group on Sustainable Development Goals, available at http
and is given therefore less weight in the computation of the IDI compared with the other two sub-indices. 2 The choice of indicators included in the subindices reflects the corresponding stage of transformation to the information society.
An electronic malaria information system (e-MIS) uploaded on the health workers'mobile devices shows malaria volunteers where to find patients and the status of their treatment,
/inicio3. 0/index. php/sala-de-prensa/item/309-contrato-entel-abe and http://www. entel. bo/inicio3. 0/index. php/sala
On the other hand, there was an upgrade of entry-level fixed-broadband speeds in developing countries in 2013,
which offered automatic upgrades of base speeds once networks are upgraded. 54 Chart 4. 23 provides an approximation of the explanatory power of each factor in the variations in fixed-broadband prices observed across countries
bad harvest Ag yield/shock predictions Campaign effectiveness Social network delineated market areas Predictive algorithms to anticipate prod. churn Social network targeted marketing Post-disaster refugee reunification
a correlation algorithm could be developed to reverse engineer approximate values for these indicators, in order to estimate user numbers in between surveys,
Dealing with large heterogeneous data sets calls for algorithms that can understand the data shape
or GIGO for short, is a computer science concept that refers to the fact that the veracity of the output of any logical process depends on the veracity of the input data.
using decision-tree algorithms or other techniques. However, data cleaning itself is a subjective process (for example,
For example, the famous Google pagerank algorithm has spawned an entire industry of organizations that claim to enhance website page rankings,
diminishing the robustness of the original algorithm. For example, the enthusiasm surrounding GFT may well have created rebound effects,
Similarly, Frias-Martinez and Virseda (2012) needed census data to build their algorithms and provide training data for their algorithms to reverse engineer approximate survey maps.
Official statistics will thus continue to be important to building the big data models and for periodic benchmarking
when it comes to working with large volumes of big data calling for computer science and decision-analysis skills that are emphasized not in traditional statistical courses (Mcafee and Brynjolfsson,
algorithms and software techniques that can be repurposed for business-use cases. Indeed, where the applications of data use for development are concerned,
Information technology for Development, 18 (2), 107 125. doi: 10.1080/02681102.2011.643209. Blumenstock, J. E. and Eagle, N. 2012), Divided we call:
Information technologies & International Development, 8 (2), 1 16. Bollier, D. 2010), The Promise and Peril of Big data.
IEEE Pervasive Computing, 10 (4), 36 44. doi: 10.1109/MPRV. 2011.41. CGALIES (2002), Report on implementation issues related to access to location information by emergency services (E112) in the European union, Coordination group on access to Location Information for Emergency Services.
Information technology for Development, 18 (2), 91 106. doi: 10.1080/02681102.2011.630312. Frias-Martinez, V.,Virseda-Jerez, J. and Frias-Martinez, E. 2012b), On the relation between socioeconomic status and physical mobility.
Information technology for Development, 18 (2), 91 106. doi: 10.1080/02681102.2011.630312. Giles, J. 2012), Computational social science:
and Information technology: An overview of issues and the deployment of existing ITU-T Recommendations for secure telecommunications.
'l Conference on Social Computing (pp. 515 520. IEEE. doi: 10.1109/PASSAT/Socialcom. 2011.11. Pindolia, D. K.,Garcia, A j.,Wesolowski, A.,Smith, D. L.,Buckee, C. O.,Noor, A m.,Tatem, A j. 2012), Human movement data
http://www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF IT UNLOCKINGVALUEPERSONALDATA COLLECTIONUSAGE REPORT 2013. pdf. WEF (2014), The Global Information technology Report 2014: Rewards and Risks of Big data (B. Bilbao-Osorio, S. Dutta and B. Lanvin, Eds..
It does not include equipment with some embedded computing abilities, such as smart TV SETS, and devices with telephony as a main function, such as mobile phones or smartphones.
For computation of the final index, the ICT access and ICT use sub-indices were given 40 per cent weight each,
Index (IDI) methodology 228 Potential sources of variation or uncertainty can be attributed to different processes employed in the computation of the index,
and the countries in this group ranked low in all index computations using different methodologies. This confirms the results conveyed by the IDI. 229 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 1 Principal component analysis was used to examine the underlying nature of the data.
Technical Guidelines',see http://www. uis. unesco. org/ev. php? ID=5202 201&id2=DO TOPIC. 6 See OECD
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