http://ijedict. dec. uwi. edu//viewarticle. php? id=465
NON CLASSIFIE UNCLASSIFIED Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques 2000 ENHANCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY:
The focus of the current programming period is on soft measures such as capacity building and institution building leading to greater competitiveness, innovation, and employment.
/Austin Community college, http://www. austincc. edu/techcert/localization. php; California State university-Chico, http://rce. csuchico. edu/localize References Aoyama, Y. and M. Castells. 2002.
Available at http://www. centrodeestudiosandaluces. es/index. php? mod=publicaciones&cat=18&id=2526&id a=0&idm=Chapple, K. 2005.
Available at http://www. juntadeandalucia. es/compromisos20082012/principal noticia. php? id noticia=327 Katz, L. and K. Murphy. 2002.
The most recent and current programming period for Cohesion Policy is 2007-2013. This period has been marked by two major
Such funding initially prioritised infrastructure but the current programming period focuses on softer aspects such as institutions, capacities, know-how, etc.
The next EU programming period will certainly result in a transition to lower levels of structural funds;
This massive amount of support is actually a reduction compared with the preceding programming period,
especially in view of the need to transit to the next programming phase where the region is likely to benefit from a reduced level of EU Structural Funds.
Markov Chain Monte carlo algorithm. The advantages of imputation include the minimisation of bias and the use of‘expensive to collect'data that would
but the computation may be cumbersome. Various values have been suggested, ranging from 25 (Efron and Tibshirani, 1991) to as high as 1000 (Efron, 1987;
In such cases, factors generated by the factor analysis algorithm will not be comprehensible. Likewise, the inclusion of multiple definitionally-similar sub-indicators representing essentially the same data will lead to tautological results. 8. Strong intercorrelations are required not mathematically,
2004) Success of software process implementation 3. 2 Grouping information on countries 3. 2. 1 Cluster analysis Cluster analysis (CLA) is given the name to a collection of algorithms used to classify objects
the next step is to choose the clustering algorithm, i e. the rules which govern how distances are measured between clusters.
Thus, this algorithm can be applied with continuous variables (yet it can be modified also to accommodate for other types of variables.
The algorithm starts with k random clusters and moves the objects in and out the clusters with the aim of (i) minimizing the variance of elements within the clusters,
frequently carrying out a PCA and then applying a clustering algorithm on the object scores on the first few components.
factorial k-means analysis has a fast alternating least-squares algorithm that extends its application to large data sets.
Markov Chain Monte carlo algorithm. The advantages of imputation include the minimisation of bias 36 and the use of‘expensive to collect'data that would
the focus is on an algorithm, with implicit underlying assumptions that should be assessed. Besides the need to carefully verify
an important limitation of the single imputation methods is that they systematically underestimate the variance of the estimates (with some exceptions for the EM method where the bias depends on the algorithm used to estimate the variance).
The EM algorithm is one of these iterative methods. 7 The issue is that X contains both observable and missing values, i e.
Each step is completed once within each algorithm cycle. Cycles are repeated until a suitable convergence criterion is satisfied.
In the following maximization step the 7 Other iterative methods include the Newton-Raphson algorithm
As a result these algorithms often require algebraic manipulations and complex programming. Numerical estimation of this matrix is also possible
but careful computation is needed. 8 For NMAR mechanisms one needs to make assumption on the missing-data mechanism
its simplicity (EM algorithm are often easy to construct conceptually and practically), and each step has a statistical interpretation
the following imputation algorithm can be used: Draw*from the posterior distribution of, f (Y, Xobs) where Y denotes exogenous variables that may influence.
where the variable distributions outside the 2. 5 and 97.5 percentile scores are trimmed to partially correct for outliers as well as to avoid having extreme values overly dominate the aggregation algorithm.
and solved using optimizations algorithms k 1,..M; q 1,,...Q w 0 I w 1 s. t. CI arg max I w qkq q 1 qk qk Q q 1 qc
as calculated by the above algorithm, that does not sum up to one, making the comparison with other methods (like FA
the weights as originally produced by the algorithm can always be normalized afterwards so as to sum up to one,
which enters into the computation of the overall importance of country a, in a way which is consistent with the definition of weights as importance measures.
each with pros and cons. One possible algorithm is the Condorcet-Kemeny-Young-Levenglick (CKYL) ranking procedure (Munda and Nardo 2003).
or an algorithm to describe a real-world issue formal coherence is a necessary property. Yet, formal coherence is not sufficient.
the exclusion of an indicator leads to a total rerun of the optimisation algorithm. When using BAL
1 and applying the so called Russian roulette algorithm, e g. for 1 X we select 1 if 0, 0. 5) and 2 if 0. 5,
When BOD is selected the exclusion of a sub-indicator leads to a re-execution of the optimisation algorithm.
they will be generated all the same by the random sample generation algorithm. 91 The constructive dimension of this Monte carlo experiment,
The main disadvantage of imputation is that the results are affected by the imputation algorithm used.
Hartigan, J. A. 1975), Clustering Algorithms, New york: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 53. Harvey A.,(1989), Forecasting, structural time series models and the Kalman filter.
Spath, H. 1980), Cluster analysis Algorithms, Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood. 132. SPRG (2001) Report of the Scientific Peer review Group on Health Systems Performance Assessment,
/nanotech-centers-clusters. shtml 7 http://www. nano-map. de 8 http://www. japan-cluster. net/index. php?
://www. nanobio-nrw. de/index. php? Script=1&lang=de&sw=1024 European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 78error!
Therefore, research is highly dependent on public funding. 13 http://www. bmbf. de/en/nanotechnologie. php 14 http://www. gtai. com/homepage/info-service/publications
/index. php? Script=1&lang=en&sw=1024 22 http://www. nmw. nrw. de/index. php? lang=en&catalog=/cluster 23 http://www. innovations-report. de/html/berichte/informationstechnologie/bericht-32232. html Chapter 3 Nanotechnology EN 81error!
Unknown document property name. EN Source: http://www. mondiac. nl/presentations/Weltring. ppt Capabilities: The NRW nanotechnology cluster network excels in their basic research activities.
http://www. japan-cluster. net/index. php? id=480 Short history of the cluster The development of the Kyoto nanotechnology cluster was driven policy.
/files/Nano-economics. pdf 41 http://eco-pro. biz/ecopro2009/events/E1000. php? tp=1&id=10760 European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 88error!
(DRAM, NAND flash, etc. BCC (2010) 27 41 7. 2 Sputtering targets and sputtered films BCC (2007) 2. 8 5. 9 16. 1 Thin-layer deposition BCC (2007) 9. 6 16.7 9. 6 Thermal mgmt. technologies
the SMC is a 51 http://www. ottawaregion. com/Business in ottawa/Industry overview/semiconductor. php Chapter 4 Micro-and nanoelectronics EN 133error!
Nortel alone accounts for almost 20 percent of all industrial R&d expenditures in Canada and hires one third of all Masters and Ph d. graduates in electrical engineering and computer science from Canadian universities.
/file 57 http://www. oslocancercluster. no/index2. php? option=com docman&task=doc view&gid=25&itemid=39 58 http://www. baybio. org/wt/page/history Chapter 5 Industrial Biotechnology EN 183error!
thus clarifying IP ownership among research staff, departments, knowledge transfer offices and universities. 60 59 http://www. oslocancercluster. no/index2. php?
http://www. investinwallonia. be/ofi-belgium/investir-en-wallonie/environnement-des-affaires/acces-aux-capitaux. php 88 http://www. investinwallonia. be/ofi
-belgium/10-reasons-invest-wallonia. php 89 http://www. investinwallonia. be/ofi-belgium/investir-en-wallonie/opportunites-affaires/chimie-siderurgie-verre-textile
. php 90 http://www. investinwallonia. be/ofi-belgium/investir-en-wallonie/environnement-des-affaires/acces-aux-capitaux. php 91 http://www. sriw. be/fr/Principes-generaux-9. html 92 http://www
. sowalfin. be/info. php 93 http://www. investinwallonia. be/ofi-belgium/investir-en-wallonie/environnement-des-affaires/acces-aux-capitaux. php 94
http://www. walloniatech. org/Venturecapital. html European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 274error!
thus a key success factor Many KETS require very specific skills, particularly cross-disciplinary knowledge from disciplines such as chemistry, physics, biology, computer sciences, mechanical engineering and material sciences.
http://www. ecrn. net/abouttheecrn/wallonia. php Edler, J.,Georghiou, L. 2007), Public procurement and innovation-Resurrecting the demand side, Research Policy 36,949 963.
http://www. fancy-china. com/en/article. php? id=55 Liu, X.,S. White (2001), Comparing innovation systems:
http://www. ottawaregion. com/Business in ottawa/Industry overview/semiconductor. php OECD (2008), Information technology Outlook, Paris: OECD. OECD (2009a), The Bioeconomy to 2030:
The computer code facilitates the commitments we make to clients, so the technology environment is strategically important to building
For example, UCB's IT team deployed a new flash memory-based system that boosted the overall performance of the company's statistical programming by a factor of 20.
Ru 1995 2000 Computer science, Lomonosov Moscow State university (MSU) Lars Mathiesen Nykredit 2002 today CIO and Executive vice president, Nykredit 1997 2002 Executive vice president Retail Business
(ICAA) Bachelor of Commerce with majors in Accountancy and Computer science, Deakin University Herman de Prins UCB 2009 today CIO
ft=/publications/2009/Title, 4556, en. php 39 CSO Population & Migration Estimates, April 2009 FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDAS:
. com/index. php FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDAS: OVERVIEW, FINDINGS & ACTIONS 36 Appendix: Regional Statistics A1.
and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service oriented architecture. With 160 active staff and students, the TSSG is a significant pool of specialist expertise within the Southeast
and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service oriented architecture. The TSSG's commercial division has created also new companies
Publishing activities (4, 400), Motion picture, video and TV programme (3, 000), Programming & broadcasting (4, 300), Advertising & market research (6, 100), Printing & reproduction
www. arnsberg. de/buergerpanel/index. php 4. 8 Citizens'exhibition The citizens'exhibition is another rather recent democratic invention.
where different types of stakeholders are involved in research programming In the UK NESTA provided interesting examples of new forms of labs that deal with social challenges (climate, aging, health. etc) Proposal 6:
. org/science-about-us-vision. htm MITSUI Global Strategic Studies Institute (MGSSI) www. ecosystemmarketplace. com/pages/dynamic/organization. page. php?
These pioneers were developing a wide range of creative digital learning tools such computer algorithms for analyzing student writing
Educators need to develop new assessment methods using the unique capabilities of digital technology, from algorithms to artificial intelligence.
In collaboration with Columbia University computer science Professor Steven Feiner the author developed in the late 1990s real-world AR enhancements described as a situated documentary (Höllerer, Feiner, & Pavlik, 1999.
The algorithms the system uses are highly effective and have attracted dozens of companies, including media enterprises,
The company's ambition is for the algorithm to write every story for an audience of 121 one.
news. Algorithm-driven news reporting and writing is already transforming a variety of journalism domains,
Table 24 Links to Smart Grids related documents in Estonia Estonian Documents Links Energy Technology Programme (Estonian) www. eas. ee/index. php
2007-2013 (English) www. valitsus. ee/en/government-office/research-and-development Long term Public Fuel and Energy Sector Development Plan (Estonian) www. mkm. ee/doc. php?
tabid=241 Transitieplatform Vlaanderen (Transition to energy in buildings) www. duwobo. be/Flemish SG Platform-VDGP (Feasability study 2009) www. vsgp. be/index. php?
lang=enand Documents of the Flemish SG Platform-VDGP (partly English) www. vsgp. be/index. php?
. lv/doc. php? id=196878 Order of the Cabinet of Ministers no. 668"On the Action Programme"Enterpreneurship and Innovation"http://www. likumi. lv/doc. php?
id=165552 Law on Scientific Actiivity http://izm. izm. gov. lv/laws-regulations/2291. html Energy Law (with amendments 2001) of Latvia & Electricity
. lv/doc. php? id=141070 www. likumi. lv/doc. php? id=175257 Latvian Renewable Energy Strategy 2006-2013 (Latvian) www. likumi. lv/doc. php?
id=146902 First energy Efficiency Action Plan 2008-2010 www. buildup. eu/publications/1501 Regulation on Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources and the Price Regulation,
and the Methodology for Price Determination (English) www. vvc. gov. lv/export/sites/default/docs/LRTA/MK NOTEIKUMI/Cab.
N o. 262 -Production of electricity using renewable energy resources and det ermination of the price. doc Latvian Council of Science database (Latvian) www. lzp. gov. lv/index. php?
lang=eng National Technology Platform for the Electricity Networks www. smartgrids. si/index. php? lang=en 99 4. 15.
plan for the Savings strategy and Energy efficiency in Spain (E4) http://www. boe. es/aeboe/consultas/bases datos/doc. php?
coleccion=indilex&id=2 009/05992&txtlen=1029 Renewable Energy National Action Plan (PANER) 2010-2020 http://www. idae. es/index. php
/mod. pags/mem. detalle/idpag. 520/relcategoria. 1021/relmenu. 169 http://www. idae. es/index. php/mod. documentos/mem. descarga?
Its objective is to teach the high-level abstraction of programming as a sequence of instructions to young children in schools
(which includes Linked Data54 and SPARQL end-points55). Opening up access to an application's source code exposes that code to a relatively large number of developers,
subjecting it to rigorous critical inquiry of a pool of reviewers larger than the one proprietary developers have available to them internally.
topic-filters=11379 RESINDEX http://www. sinnergiak. org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/cuaderno resindex cast. pdf http://www. sinnergiak. org/index. php/resindex
A Faster Algorithm for Betweenness Centrality, Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25 (2): 163-177. Clauset, A. et al.
and make products that can make a difference to their world',19 http://www. bmbf. de/en/19955. php about-city-budgets-heres
-sparql-query/56 http://www. theopeninter. net/57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dataportability 58 http://www. w3. org/Social
http://www. nesta. org. uk/publications/standards-evidence-impact-investing 79 http://www. wikiprogress. org/index. php/Event:
how the next programming period will still support them and where to obtain more detailed information about each one.
59 For the 2014-2020 programming period, the European commission has proposed establishing a Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (COSME.
For the next programming period, the investment's priorities proposed under the Cohesion Policy cover these aspects with an emphasis on connecting universities to regional growth and developing stronger partnerships within the knowledge triangle.
The Union Programme for Education, Training, Youth and Sport for the programming period 2014-2020.76 72 http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu/activities/research-and-innovation
For the 2014-2020 programming period, the European commission has proposed establishing a Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized enterprises (COSME.
98 instruments will remain essential for the ongoing implementation in the present programming period. But in addition, given the increased role of financial instruments as stated in the cohesion policy post-2013
Structural Funds In the present programming period (2007-2013), under the principle of shared management, Structural Fund resources can be used for establishing financial engineering instruments,
/jeremie en. cfm 122 http://ec. europa. eu/regional policy/thefunds/instruments/jessica en. cfm 101 In the current programming period (2007-2013), similar to the Structural
For the 2014-2020 programming period, the European commission has proposed the establishment of a Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and Medium-sized enterprises (COSME.
eu/index. php? id=7633 137 http://www. enprotex. eu 138 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/public-procurement/index en. htm
In the current programming period, ensuring innovation for sustainable growth requires improved coordination between different operational and rural development programmes in the areas of innovation, competitiveness, environment and energy.
For the next programming period, the contribution of key areas of sustainable growth is ensured. Environment, climate change and energy are included specifically in the draft new regulatory package,
/index en. htm 160 http://www. e2b-ei. eu/e2bjti about. php? sse=3 110 Challenges in specific areas Sustainable energy For the period 2014-2020, the Commission has proposed a significant concentration of cohesion policy efforts on renewable energy and energy efficiency.
For the next programming period social innovation is treated in a horizontal way in the ESF regulation.
The SWP was founded in 1987, initiated by a department of the University of Linz (Research Institute for Symbolic Computation.
The network paradigm new departures in corporate and regional Development environment & Planning D: Society and Space 11,543 564.
Using some advance algorithms on the multivariate analysis results, we try to assess the patterns existing among the variables,
electronic business using extensible Markup language. 72 See www. ebxml. org. 73 For detailed information about the background
having built defined system architecture, a data management module and a localisation algorithm, as well as having developed information services for multimodal forms of transport.
which source code is available under a license (or arrangement such as the public domain). This permits users to use, change,
OSS includes software with source code in the public domain and software distributed under an open-source license.
disclosure of all documents and the source codes of a software project as well as a permanent communication between all participants.
and in the programming language JAVA. Free software products will be used for the development and operation. LINUX, for example, will be preferred the operating system and Postgresql the preferred database.
The availability of the source code supports a high innovation grade, next to more efficient maintenance of the software which will result in a more effective effort by ICT experts.
The opposite-closed source code, not able to cooperate with other programs-is more common than an exception in the world of modern IT.
which employs an algorithm using two different but mathematically related"keys":"one for creating a digital signature
The Clic Services Fret SNCF portal was developed using PHP and Dot net languages. Security is guaranteed via SSL encryption of information and via a dedicated login and password for each user.
In the following table we have the clustering algorithm results for the variable Percentage of employees that have internet access at their workplace.
The Chi-square algorithm is a statistical technique that tests the relationship between analysed variables.
The programme has been developed with VBA code on Access and uses a SQL database. The Solulog solution is hosted internally at AIT.
with complete Java internal support and external web interfacing for the e-ticket sales via Internet and mobile phone.
and implemented in Java programming language, including an integrated operations platform that manages the base and intermediate layers of the system in order to control each of the different sales channels.
The Clic Services Fret SNCF portal was developed using PHP and Dot net languages. Security is guaranteed via SSL encryption of information and via a dedicated login and password for each user.
Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L. 2000) Beyond Computation: Information technology, Organisational Transformation and Business Performance, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 23-48.
/nace/index en. php. Nepelski, D. 2003. The impact of innovation on market structure the case of e-business in the automotive industry.
DEMONS's objective is to realise this infrastructure by applying novel distributed systems technologies and leveraging their native scalability and fault tolerance characteristics.
While there is an insatiable need for more computation and storage power, the energy consumption in data centres poses an energy wall that must be addressed to be able to advance to more powerful data centres.
It enhances existing deployment strategies by moving computation and services around a federation of data centres sites.
The computation of the method consists of four main steps: Step 1: Compute midpoint growth rates For a country i exporting a value x to a country c of product k at time t,
Computation of the indices from the estimated coefficients From the estimated coefficients, growth is decomposed for each exporter (i e.,
Pharmaceutical Programming 1 (1)( 2008) 13 19 7. Andrade, S.,Kahler, K.,Frech, F.,Chan, K.:
and implement the‘Coding across the curriculum'programme to enhance computer programming skills across the curriculum;
which consistently emphasises a looming acute shortage of computer programming skills. It is anticipated that a consortia of organisations with appropriate professional capacity
Students will undertake regular high school curriculum subjects alongside technical subjects such as computer programming, graphics, logic and problem solving.
uk/tutorials/creativethinkingcontents. html http://www. conceptdraw. com/en/products/mindmap/ap-creative-thinking. php http://www. brainstorming. co. uk/tutorials
"After initial discussions the product development environment at ENERGEX was reviewed. This involved structured interviews with both the users and customers of the current product development process.
This team represented all functional groups in the product development environment. ENERGEX has seen that process development by an empowered crossfunctional team is crucial to long-term project success. Such teams must have the authority to make real decisions as well as the personal backing of the senior management team.
The various CAD packages use a number of different algorithms to represent solid objects. To establish consistency, the STL (stereolithography,
do not usually include access to the source code, which may be granted only in exceptional cases and can be made subject to separate agreements.
GOOD NOT SO GOOD 2entwine (www. 2entwine. com) Super-simple, square, solid, blocky, soft colours, responsible use of Flash, clear text.
www. employment-studies. co. uk/pubs/report. php? id=ssda0804 The Investors in People Standard is a straightforward,
The Tuscany Region has selected this good practice to potentially contribute to its 2014-2020 regional programming
and are suited therefore well to be addressed jointly, for example, between the partners of European Research Area and with the support of European policies and measures (e g. through the Joint Programming Initiatives).
information channels of communication, staff exchanges and interagency joint programming (OECD, 2012f). ) Some of these new challenges can be grouped as follows:
but more in particular to the pivotal role of the regional development agencies BOM (the provincial‘agency'in regional innovation and competitiveness programming) and Brainport Development.
which is in the heart of the new Structural Funds programming period 2014-2020. In terms of vision and ambition Brainport 2020 sets the stage for smart development of the region.
Critical in programming will be the national willingness and ability to (co) finance. Brainport 2020 has been designed as a Smart Specialisation Strategy
A challenge in view of smart specialisation regional programming is the (so far non-resolved) lack of national public matching funds, also for cross-border collaboration.
Moreover, in the runner-up to the new programming period 2014-2020 current available funding for regional projects is almost zero,
new smart specialisation programming offers a number of advantages for Brainport Eindhoven, of which the opportunities to extend
Priority setting is defined by the Andalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation for 2007-2013 (PAIDI), the main tool for programming, coordinating
Finally, this Plan takes the programming documents of the National Strategic Reference Framework 2007-2013 into account,
ii) to prepare the region for the new 2007-13 EU programming period in order to efficiently stream financial funds into the region;
and are suited therefore well to be addressed jointly between the partners of European Research Area and with the support of European policies and measures for example through the Joint Programming Initiatives.
Baseline indicator computations and their results are available for all countries and regions listed in Table 1
regionalisation of publication data currently requires text mining and programming procedures. Regionalization of the Scopus data is given even more cumbersome the lower quality of the address information in this database.
new informational systems and human resources training increase together with the enterprises'size. 2009 International Association of Computer science and Information technology-Spring Conference 978-0-7695-3653-8
Constructing R&d profiles. http://www. iamot. org/conference/index. php/ocs/4/paper/viewfile/941/Accessed30 September 2012.
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mostly in central Java and Yogyakarta (540 in Yogyakarta, Tambunan 2006b. These are traditional activities of local communities where production has long been advancing.
339 421.400 Medium silver Salim silver Exporter 45 0 45 105.350 High silver KWAS Exporter 79 79 High wood AS Java
Hungary also intends to spend nearly one-tenth of the resources coming from the Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund in the 2014-2020 programming period directly on research & development & innovation,
this amount will increase to EUR 81 billion in the next programming period3. So if Hungary would like to maximise its use of these resources,
The coordination of the instruments of Cohesion Policy and innovation policy has been set as a specific objective by the European commission for the 2014-2020 programming period.
Similarly there may be more resources available for developing the R&d infrastructure at the Union level in the next programming period.
Besides the coordination of and increase in development resources, new types of governmental interventions are to be expected in the next programming period both at the Community level and at national level:
from the demand-side programmes to the uniform patent and standardization package, from establishing a Union-level institutional system for venture capital to supporting the Joint Programming Initiatives. 10 The size of the research and development sector and its main
and at least for the seven years of the next programming period, So, if Hungary would like to use these funding resources in a more effective way then the country has to pay more attention to RDI than the EU average.
A new approach to coordination will feature in European union competitiveness policy in the next programming period,
The support for and encouragement of participation in the European Innovation Partnerships (EIP) and Joint Programming Initiatives (JPI) in the strong national RDI areas. 3) The securing of a more efficient access to the EU programmes
way in the 2014-2020 programming period. 7) The better inclusion of the Hungarian processes of the Enterprise Europe Network into the strategy.
this region is eligible to use EU resources only in a very limited way in the programming perdiod 2014-2020,
Since the primary goal of the Structural and Cohesion Funds in the new EU programming period is to mitigate the economic differences between regions,
The 2014-2020 EU programming period is a good opportunity to establish an efficient tax-side incentive mechanism.
According to current EU programming companies will be able to use a significant part according to preliminary analysis,
if an average annual funding of HUF 100 billion is available for RDI in the programming period. 44 The gradual enforcement of competitive practices is desirable
and the demands of the 2014-2020 programming period to bring smart specialization into prominence.
o intersectoral (business-research organisation) cooperation, o establishment of an experimental development environment (living lab) based on nongovernmental initiatives, o support for open innovation models (in case of proper
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