Computer science

Computation (111)
Computer architecture (21)
Computer programming (692)
Computer science (493)
Distributed computing (26)
Formal language (11)

Synopsis: Ict: Computing: Computer science:

1 1. 2. Computer sciences, the Internet and mass media...7 1. 2. 1. Example of applying environmental principles...

Optimization techniques, such as constraint programming, are helpful for route allocation. The choice of aircraft model is made according to the number of passengers or loads.

The invention of the computer and the quick development of computer science has had a very significant impact on our lives. 1. 2. Computer science, the Internet and mass media Computers

Google also developed a machine-learning algorithm (artificial intelligence (AI)) that learns from operational data to model plant performance

computer science, social science, physics, biology, engineering, design, architecture and philosophy. A strong multidisciplinary and collaborative approach is the key requirement for large-scale technology innovation and the development of effective applications8.

The users of Microsoft, Google, Ecosia and others have to set a search language, which will limit the results of search to the chosen language.

and requires collaboration between the future users, computer science and IT as well as from the social sciences. Ambient assisted living involves technologies such as sensors, specific equipment, robotics, user interaction (multimodal interfaces) and simulation platforms.

but their Innovation Landscape and Fields 31 safety remains to be demonstrated (see http://www. batiactu. com/edito/lesnanomateriaux-se-repandent-dans-le-batiment-38128. php).

Most computer science training teaches how to think about data (classifying things), whereas artificial intelligence enables us to learn how to think about knowledge (problem-solving).

http://www. europatriates. eu/index. php/en/)Jobs creation remains just a desire without providing the appropriate ecosystem and necessary conditions for the development of existing companies and creation of new companies.

For example, the seeker can design an image processing algorithm to automatically/semiautomatically perform segmentation on stacks of images of the esophagus. 2 https://www. innocentive. com/ar/challenge.

They are in charge of the direction, programming and facilitation of research in their areas of expertise:

A multidisciplinary approach ranging from computer science to molecular biology, integrating knowledge from the East and the West, is applied in this research.

available at http://www. batiactu. com/edito/les-nanomateriaux-se-repandent-dans-le-batiment-38128-p2. php, 2014.

EUR 14 EUROPATRIATES, available at http://www. europatriates. eu/index. php/en/,2014. EVR 14 EVRARD O.,POINTURIER F.,YUICHI O. et al.

example of eco-design process, Federated Conference on Computer science and Information systems, Krakow, Poland, 2013. MER 13b MERCIER-LAURENT E.,Innovating corporate management:

, 181 business model, 107 innovation, 62,126, 155 intelligence, 64,72, 113 watch, 79 computer science, 7 11,21, 26,69, 132 computers, 7, 13,15, 16,52

Design challenges. 2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-time Distributed computing (ISORC)( pp. 363 369.

For example, a difficult inventory problem solution can also be looked at as a mixed integer-programming problem.

Or either of these perspectives on the problem might be restated as a dynamic programming or systems dynamics simulation problem.

Computer science-Research and development, 23 (2), 47 65. Weske, M. 2007. Concepts, languages, architectures (Vol. 14. Berlin:

Driving behaviour parameters were measured by advanced signal-processing algorithms, filtering GPS data combined with sensor fusion from the accelerometer and gyroscope in the smartphone,

Just like computer science emerged as a new discipline from mathematics when computers became abundantly available,

Fortunately, database 2 For example, http://www. win. tue. nl/ieeetfpm/doku. php? id shared: process mining case stud ies lists over 20 successful case studies in industry.

Having start and complete events allows for the computation of activity durations. It is recommended to store activity references to be able to relate events belonging to the same activity instance.

Formal methods for web services (Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 5569, pp. 42 88. Berlin:

In Sixth International Conference on Extending Database Technology (Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 1377, pp. 469 483.

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software engineering (FASE 2007)( Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 4422, pp. 245 259.

International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2007)( Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 4714, pp. 375 383.

A region-based algorithm for discovering petri nets from event logs. In Business Process Management (BPM2008)( pp. 358 373.

Business Process Management Workshops, Workshop on Business Process Intelligence (BPI 2006)( Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 4103, pp. 81 92.

) Process mining case studies. Retrieved from http://www. win. tue. nl/ieeetfpm/doku. php? id shared:

Business Process Management (BPM 2010)( Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 6336, pp. 211 226. Berlin:

Applications and Theory of Petri Nets 2010 (Lecture Notes in Computer science, Vol. 6128, pp. 226 245.

Combining evidence from past sales data, forecasting algorithms as well as observations and evidence from how store managers operate,

M. Dumas(*)F. M. Maggi Institute of Computer science University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia e-mail:

Here, a fault detection algorithm (local outlier factor) is used to estimate the probability of a fault occurring.

Acknowledgments This work is supported by ERDF via the Estonian Centre of Excellence in Computer science. References Birukou

Theory and experiments with perceptron algorithms. In Proceedings of the ACL conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (pp. 1 8). Philadelphia, PA:

However, most of the existing techniques and algorithms only take activities into account. There are several different approaches for the automatic detection of correspondences.

so that the algorithm is able to determine whether a node should be an activity or an event (in case of EPCS).

The Refmod-Mine/NSCM algorithm conducts an n-ary cluster matching, thus, the nodes of all models which should be matched are being compared pairwise,

& Flynn, 1999) cluster algorithms start with clusters of size 1 (activities) and consolidates two activities to a cluster

Finally, the algorithm returns binary simple or complex matches for the nodes of each model pair. 4. 2 Structural Analogies One of the main problems in reference modelling is the identification of correspondences (cf. 4. 1)

In order to match (cf. 4. 1) further elements, it is necessary to use advanced mapping algorithms that are able to identify antonyms like invoice settled and payment received.

In comparison to the linear time computation of an RPST (Vanhatalo et al. 2009), the calculation of subgraph isomorphism is said to be NP complete (Garey & Johnson, 1979.

The MCC algorithm comprises three main steps: In the first step, a set of candidaterelations is calculated out of the existing nodes and edges in given Fig. 2 Structural analogue process chains Identification of Business Process Models in a Digital World

the algorithm is also able to present a completely integrated model containing all nodes of the underlying process models

JAVA was used as the programming language. The architecture of the tool consists of three layers that are shown in Fig. 4. At the lowest layer, functionalities for loading, storing,

the ARIS Markup language (AML) and EPC Markup language (EPML. The second layer contains concepts and algorithms

which support the analysis of individual enterprise models and the derivation of a reference model.

an application of the inductive method to develop new reference models and the development and application of techniques and algorithms for the corpus development.

An algorithm for suffix stripping. Readings in information retrieval (pp. 313 316. San francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.

They propose using algorithms to parse labels written by modelers in order to detect grammatical mistakes and to prompt users to fix them. 3. 2 Use a Glossary As naming conventions only refer to standardizing the grammatical part,

An algorithm can then parse his sentence and deconstruct it into its parts. This allows not only a verification of the phrase structure, i e.,

Not only can this help to create more clearly arranged models (provided that the algorithm is good),

These conventions should be codified in the form of a layout algorithm which is the same for each modeler.

rmfl@cin. ufpe. br H. A. Reijers Department of mathematics and Computer science, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The netherlands e-mail:

Decision-making algorithms can be used to compile and present to the user recommendations about how to perform their job in alignment with the organization's priorities.

a decision algorithm is employed automatically to determine the recommended path to be followed by the user.

Then, using all these pieces of information it becomes possible to identify points for integrating concrete control activities into workflows. This can be realized by having automated search algorithms check the actual control parameters against the workflow instance information.

deploy and optimize business processes themselves (i e. without manual programming by software engineers). This third BPM wave initiated by Smith

He has a background in business economics und computer science and has obtained his economic doctorate degree from the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg in 2013.

Curricula Vitae 293 Ricardo Massa F. Lima Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil Ricardo Massa F. Lima received the Ph d. degree in computer science from Federal University

He is the Vice-Coordinator of UFPE's computer science postgraduate program. His main research interests include compiler construction and optimization

and performance evaluation of discrete-event dynamic systems using Petri nets, with projects sponsored by the Brazilian Petroleum Industry (Petrobras), Sa o Francisco's Hydroelectric Company (Chesf),

He received a Ph d. in Computer science in 2010 from University of Bari. Curricula Vitae 295 Monika Malinova Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Monika Malinova is a teaching

of Pernambuco (Recife, Brazil) in 2008 and his Ph d. degree in computer science from the Center for Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco (Recife, Brazil), in 2014.

He received a Ph d. in Computer science (2002), A m. Sc. in Computer science (1994), and A m. Sc. in Technology and Society (1994), all from TU/e. Hajo wrote his Ph d. thesis on the topic of BPM for the service industry

Walter studied computer science at the Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU. His research activities include business process management, software development and graph theory.

For more information about the Spitzencluster-Wettbewerb (Leading-edge cluster competition) please see www. bmbf. de/en/10726. php. 16 The majority of the programs that were benchmarked in this project are programs that were initiated

It is associated typically with software development activities where the source code is released allowing others to build on it.

and withholding access to source code of Apple software) while Google is‘open'allowing other developers

such as its search algorithms, and advertising data. 6 And as we would expect of a dynamic,

With English now the primary language of today's world economy, learning a programming language has arguably become more important than learning a second spoken language.

and computer programming. 3. Introduce a National Register for volunteer entrepreneurs who would be willing to visit schools to engage with students at local level. 2. 3 Encouragement for Under-Represented Groups The majority of the actions being taken by Government are helpful

(Interactive Learning), Changingworlds (Personalisation), Network365 (Mobile Payments), Datalex (Travel Software), Trintech (Online Payments), Baltimore Technologies (Security), Glockenspiel (Compilers), Euristix (Network

and computer programming. 3. Introduce a National Register for volunteer entrepreneurs who would be willing to visit schools to engage with students at local level. 2. 3 Encouragement for Under-Represented Groups 4. As part of an entrepreneurship cultural awareness campaign,

December 17, 2012), http://www. cepr. net/index. php/blogs/cepr-blog/thoughts-on-the-chained-cpi-social-security-and-the-budget. 60.

accessed October 15, 2013), http://farm. ewg. org/regionsummary. php? fips=00000&statename=theunitedstates. 61. Ibid. 62.

so in the 2014-2020 programming period, is to eliminate the phenomenon, referred to as West Transdanubia's innovation paradox.

In the 2014 2020 programming period, counties and urban counties (i e. 23 towns with county rights) will become important actors of the territorial development system.

this latter organisation prepares guidelines for county officials to facilitate their planning and programming exercises,

and Settlement Development Operational Programme (TSDOP) will be allocated in a decentralised manner at county-level in the coming programming period.

county-level municipalities neither possess any experts (huge capacity gap) nor have any experience in such a planning-programming exercise.

Regional Innovation Monitor Plus 15 (over the coming programming period) to be allocated in a decentralised way for the financing of their own programmes.

The average of 57%has increased significantly over the programming period. Although no data are available about the share of Structural Funds in GBAORD in the 2011-2013 period, the official statement that 95%(!

In the 2014 2020 programming period each county will be allocated development funding of HUF 25b, €83m to finance selected development projects incorporated in county-level operational programmes In the 2014-2020 programming period development related funding within the (Territorial

and Settlement Development OP) will be subject to partial decentralisation. The share of this OP is 16.15%of total funding available,

GINOP contains all the innovation related priorities elaborated for the 2014 2020 programming period. The draft Partnership Agreement analyses the alignment between national development priorities

or diminish environmental harm are planned also to be supported in the coming programming period. 24 Regional Innovation Monitor Plus Table 2 Existing Regional Innovation Support Measures Title Duration Policy

County-level strategies have detailed these broad objectives by listing specific projects to be submitted for support from Operational Programmes in the 2014-2020 programming period.

trainings for cluster managers) should also receive support in the next programming period. The evaluation of the Hungarian accredited innovation clusters should be harmonised with the evaluation systems of the European Cluster Observatory. 3. 4 Good Practice Case This section will analyse two cases of policy practice.

the development of electric vehicles and the related infrastructure is bound to benefit from increased policy support in the 2014 2020 programming period.

On the other hand, regional aid intensity will radically diminish in the new programming period. Over the 2007 2013 programming period, EU Structural Funds provided nonnegligible incentives that effectively stimulated the implementation of some relatively disadvantaged stakeholders'(small, undercapitalised enterprises')innovative ideas.

These incentives will vanish for the majority of innovative stakeholders. Only relatively large and well-capitalised actors will be able to apply for support of their innovative ideas

http://klaszterfejlesztes. hu/content. php? cid=cont 51d4102c8c68e4. 02287351 9. Izsák, K.,Markianiodi, P, . & Radosevic, S. 2013).

http://www. ddrmk. hu/index. php? cx=001311444309957831091%3ahfoxm8muioi&cof=FORID%3a9&id=105&parent=2&ie=ISO-8859-2&q=kardos+k%E1roly&sa=11.

In the 2014-2020 programming period, social innovation is going to be mainstreamed. In the new regulation on the European Social Fund

Markov Chain Monte carlo algorithm. Data imputation could lead to the minimisation of bias and the use of‘expensive to collect'data that would otherwise be discarded by case deletion.

and then apply a clustering algorithm on the object scores on the first few components,

factorial k-means analysis has a fast alternating least-squares algorithm that extends its application to large data sets.

2. Accuracy refers to the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values;

The focus is on an algorithm, with implicit underlying assumptions which need to be verified in terms of

where the bias depends on the algorithm used to estimate the variance). Therefore, this method does not fully assess the implications of imputation

The Expected maximisation (EM) algorithm is one of these iterative methods. 13 The issue is that X contains both observable and missing values, i e.

Each step is completed once within each algorithm cycle. Cycles are repeated until a suitable convergence criterion is satisfied.

An EM algorithm is also often easy to construct conceptually and practically. Besides each step has a statistical interpretation

the following imputation algorithm can be used: Draw*from the posterior distribution of, f (Y, Xobs),

but the computation may be cumbersome. Various values have been suggested, ranging from 25 (Efron & Tibshirani, 1991) to as high as 1000 (Efron,

In such cases, factors generated by the factor analysis algorithm will not be comprehensible. Likewise, the inclusion of multiple definitionally-similar individual indicators representing essentially the same data will lead to tautological results.

Cronbach coefficient alpha results for the 23 countries after deleting one individual indicator (standardised values) at a time. 4. 4. Cluster analysis Cluster analysis (CLA) is a collection of algorithms to classify objects such as countries, species,

including Euclidean and non-Euclidean distances. 18 The next step is to choose the clustering algorithm,

This algorithm can be applied with continuous variables, yet it can be modified also to accommodate other types of variables.

The algorithm starts with k random clusters and moves the objects in and out of the clusters with the aim of (i) minimising the variance of elements within the clusters,

factorial k-means analysis has a fast alternating least-squares algorithm that extends its application to large data sets, i e.,

as well as to avoid having extreme values overly dominate the aggregation algorithm. That is, any observed value greater than the 97.5 percentile is lowered to match the 97.5 percentile.

and may then be solved using optimisation algorithms: k M q Q w I w s t CI I w qkqq qk qk Qq qc qc wqc c 1...

is it possible to find a ranking algorithm consistent with some desirable properties?;and conversely, is it possible to ensure that no essential property is lost?

the derivation of a Condorcet ranking may sometimes be a long and complex computation process.

the algorithm per se is very simple. The maximum likelihood ranking of countries is supported the ranking by the maximum number of individual indicators for each pairwise comparison,

To solve this problem it is necessary to use numerical algorithms. To conclude, consider the numerical example in Table 34 with three countries

which enters into the computation of the overall importance of country a, in a manner consistent with the definition of weights as importance measures. 114 HANDBOOK ON CONSTRUCTING COMPOSITE INDICATORS:

and applying the so-called Russian roulette algorithm, e g. for 1 X, select 1 if 0, 0. 5) and 2 if 0. 5,

When BOD is selected the exclusion of individual indicators leads to a re-execution of the optimisation algorithm.

they will nevertheless be generated by the random sample generation algorithm. The constructive dimension of the Monte carlo experiment, the number of random HANDBOOK ON CONSTRUCTING COMPOSITE INDICATORS:

METHODOLOGY AND USER GUIDE ISBN 978-92-64-04345-9-OECD 2008 Golub G. H. and van der Vorst, H. A. 2000), Eigenvalue computation

Haq M. 1995), Reflections on Human Development, Oxford university Press, New york. Hartigan J. A. 1975), Clustering Algorithms, New york:

Spath H. 1980), Cluster analysis Algorithms, Chichester, England: Ellis Horwood. Storrie D. and Bjurek H. 1999), Benchmarking European labour market performance with efficiency frontier technique, Discussion Paper FS I 00-2011.

and MSE is computed using all available regressors. 13 Other iterative methods include the Newton-Raphson algorithm

As a result these algorithms often require algebraic manipulations and complex programming. Numerical estimation of this matrix is also possible

but careful computation is needed. 14 For NMAR mechanisms one needs to make assumptions on the missing-data mechanism

Eigenvalue computation in the 20th century, Journal of Computational and Applied mathematics, Vol. 123, Iss. 1-2. and Gentle, James E.;

as such, need algorithms to achieve the maximum power point which must be considered in the design of the power electronics interface. 3) Bidirectional power flow:

http://www. ieeeghn. org/wiki/index. php/Pearl street station 7 T. J. Overbye and J. D. Weber, Visualizing the electric grid, IEEE Spectr.

Pathways to a resource-efficient Europe, www. eco-innovation. eu/index. php? option=com content&view=article&id=200&itemid=258 Eco-innovate!

625 m3 per year. www. environmental-savings. com/megtakaritas. php Genan: turning tyres into new products The Danish company Genan is recycling 80%of all Danish tyres.

Eco-Innovation Observatory Annual Report 2011, Closing the eco-innovation gap, an economic opportunity for business, p. 17, www. eco-innovation. eu/index. php?

and energy consumption and leads to cost savings and longer life performances of solar panels. www. lisec. com/LPS/Glas-Vorspannanlagenspeziell-fuer-Duennglas www. eco-innovation. eu/index. php?

and fire. www. ecococon. lt www. eco-innovation. eu/index. php? option=com content&view=article&id=344%3astraw-panels& catid=65%3alithuania&itemid=65 Eco-innovate production processes Eco-innovate!

ecodesign. lboro. ac. uk/index. php? section=1&currentsection=1& sectionname=Home Learning Resources Figure 7:

www. environmental-savings. com/megtakaritas. php; Newlife Paints Source: www. newlifepaints. com p. 27: Source:

of social innovation measurement, Deliverable of the Project Tepsie, EU 7fp, http://www. tepsie. eu/index. php/publications Epstein

+1) deal with the programming and monitoring of implementation of the centrally managed programmes directly targeting innovation.

additional human resources are provided by Die Zeit for the publication and programming of the online-version.

The Sunday Times Irish Universities League Table http://extras. timesonline. co. uk/tol gug/gooduniversityguide. php http://extras. timesonline. co. uk/stug

/universityguide. php Policy Context, incl. circumstances under which the exercise came about: The Sunday Times is leading newspaper in Britain and Ireland with 1. 3m weekly sales.

evaluating all research groups in all Netherlands universities at the same time (e g. computer science; chemistry). ) In other disciplines (e g. physics), several evaluation committees were established,

Retrieved 31 july 2009, from http://books. nap. edu/openbook. php? record id=11153andpage=2. Garfield, E. 1979) Citation Indexing.

from http://www. arc. gov. au/era/journal list. htm. 148 International Observatory on Academic rankings and Excellence, Retrieved 22 july, from http://www. ireg-observatory. org/index. php?

/index. php? pageid=1 Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) NIB loans Nordic Investment bank has several loan products:

computations by Zoltán Bajmócy and research team. In: Borsi andbajmócy (2009: Quantitative lagging behind, qualitative catching up?

using the internet to send algorithms for 3-D printed prosthetic limbs designed for war victims in developing countries for local production and use.

as well as completely new types of work such as web-design, app development, software programming or any other types which need ICT

How to guard against decisions being taken about peoples'lives based purely on big data, data analytics and closed algorithms?

://medicallhome. com/Medicallhomeweb/index. php 90 clinic in a boxclinipak 91 http://drfosterintelligence. co. uk/92 http://www. cellslider. net/#/93 http

/index. php/diabetiva/?/page=betreuungsprogramme/diabetiva/91 Focus area Case Social needs addressed Summary Supporting smart infrastructure for integrated health & social care dothiv (DE

This is a Matching assets to needs platform It 103 http://www. diabetes-service-center. de/en/ueber-uns. php?

tangible computing includes embedding computation to the physical via intelligent objects, the internet of things and connectivity with a profound impact on learning mechanisms.

Coursera, currently the biggest MOOC platform, was launched as a for-profit company in April 2012 by the two Stanford computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller.

Regional Development Councils and their working agencies are simple intermediary organisations, responsible for programming and strategy preparation but without any real decisionmaking power.

In the 2007-2013 programming period, as a result of the increase of financial allocation to core‘Lisbon'activities, an unprecedented amount of funding became available for RTDI efforts.

whose responsibilities together with their agency type work organisations include the design of regional development plans (programming

and formulates a strategy about how to avoid these deficiencies in the current programming period.

She is a computer engineer and Phd candidate, with an MA in Computer science at UNICAMP, Brazil.

Previously, she was Senior Researcher at CPQD in Brazil coordinating R&d projects related to the digital divide. 6 Dr. Maurizio Teli has recently been appointed as Research Fellow at the Department of Information Engineering and Computer science of the University of Trento (Italy.

Such evaluation can be delegated to algorithms, like in the case of Google Pagerank, where search results are ordered according to different criteria such as relative relevance, search histories, etc.

Wikiprogress http://www. wikiprogress. org/index php/Main page Wikiprogress is a global platform for sharing information

Yeswiki http://yeswiki. net/wakka. php? wiki=Accueil Yeswiki is made a software application for creating and managing your website, in a collaborative way.

Yeswiki is written Free Software in PHP language under the GPL licence, used for creating and managing an internet or intranet website. 54.

but almost 1/3 of the TV programming gets viewed on non-TV platforms such as computers, ipads,

In the new programming period 2014-2020, five ministries will be responsible for the implementation of the Operational Programmes of the EU Structural Funds.

Concerning the new programming period 2014-2020, the Hungarian government will allocate three times more funding for RDI purposes that in the past 2007-2013 period,

in the new programming period 2014-2020 the Hungarian government will increase the funding for RDI purposes compared to the past 2007-2013 period.

the RDI strategy will be the guiding document for planning of the budget allocations for research, development and innovation for the next programming period 2014-2020.

In the new programming period 2014-2020, five ministries incorporate both the managing authorities and intermediary bodies that responsible for the implementation and technical administration of the Operational Programmes of the EU Structural Funds.

This institutional setup is basically a return to the system that was in place until 2006 before the programming period 2007-2013.

potential interventions in order to provide information and input for longer planning, especially for programming of the next community financial framework 2014-2020.

There is a clear link being established between the RIS3 and the Economic Development and Innovation Operational Programme (GINOP) that is of the most important programming documents for the 2014-2020 EU financial cycle.

From 2015 on, XFEL will generate extremely intense X-ray flashes to be used by researchers from all over the world.

Further 83.7 million (HUF 24.3 billion) was allocated for the second phase of ELI in the next programming period 2014-2020.

and implementation of research and innovation policies(+)In the new programming period 2014-2020,60%of the Structural Funds will be used for economic development purposes, out

joint calls or joint programming with other countries(+)The horizontal priority of the RDI strategy addresses the global social challenges

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