Digitization

Digital image (18)
Digitization (290)

Synopsis: Ict: Data: Digital data: Digitization: Digitization:

Energy efficiency of data centers and green IT are emerging as some of the most critical environmental challenges to be faced because of the increasing yet unprecedented trend in digitization of business processes,

and manual labor (workflow), leading ultimately to cost-resilient processes. vii However, in the age of digitization,

Arts Council of Ireland, DAHG) 319 Continue to develop cultural digitisation initiatives in order to enhance Ireland's roots tourism offering.

The initial phase of the project will advance the digitisation of a significant part of the Schools'Collection in time for the centenary of the 1916 Rising.

Kimmo Levä examines the three stages of digitisation for museums, placing an emphasis on the current third stage that focuses upon accessibility

Volker Rodekamp describes in detail the centralisation and digitisation of the collections of the Stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig (Museum of City History Leipzig),

Effects of this digitisation project include not only significantly increased access to the museum's online collections,

The project serves as a prime example of the successes digitisation can bring to a museum and its community.

heritage organisations have been slow in engaging in digitisation. Why has this been the case? Understanding historical developments is crucial for appreciating both the multitude of current initiatives like Europeana and the emergence of other new actors in the field.

Museums were never the driving force behind digitisation or the new Internet possibilities of access, negotiation,

The Google books Project, the most famous example of mass digitisation, is by no means the only one.

Although clearly museums have so far not been the vanguard in the process of digitisation the need for them to become more active players is Where do museums stand in the digital age?

Questions of exhibition design are only very indirectly related to digitisation. Sure, there are'virtual exhibitions, 'or the use of new technologies such as smartphone apps as a replacement to the traditional audio guide.

The museum's place is in the centre of a society that is becoming increasingly interconnected through digitisation and in the centre of a rapidly changing network of institutions,

and digitisation and the Internet can help make it accessible to everyone. What museums do with public funds for society must remain public

Today, museums are asked to provide services ranging from digitisation and aggregation of digital cultural content, to interactive navigation, culture experiences, lifelong learning, social media and augmented reality applications.

when simple digitisation activities are implemented or even when a museum's web portal provides access to content online.

and under this assumption, the digitisation, dissemination and further exploitation of this content in the digital environment will be prominent.

or citizens'personal data. 26 27 Kimmo Levä uses Finland as a case study to examine the three stages of digitisation for museums,

For museums, this entails digitisation in every function. It not only calls for investments in new technologies,

From local to global Digitisation and networking in the information society are part and parcel of globalisation,

the stages of digitisation In Finland, the digitisation of collections and museum work is currently moving into the third stage of development,

The first stage occurred in the 1990s and basically involved digitisation. Museums digitised photos, documents and collection data.

However, despite such digitisation, material was stored still on hard disks in museums. During the second stage of digitisation, in the early 2000s, museums began to implement collection management systems that made material accessible to the audience via the Internet.

Currently, in the third stage, the primary focus is upon creating a network where museums share the same collection management system

Notwithstanding the problems, digitisation presents a great opportunity for museums. It gives them the chance to open mobile and purely virtual museums alongside brick-andmortar establishments.

Results of the digitisation project include significantly increased access to the museum's collections, increased on-site visits to the museum and increased communication and outreach within the local community.

This digitisation and virtualisation of museums, has created also new professional positions, such as cyber curators, that could not have existed ten years prior. 5. In the era of globalisation,

Continued digitisation of our everyday lives is undeniable and irreversible; the young generation does not even talk about'digital'anymore.

and digitisation of cultural heritage. He has authored more than seventy research papers. Jorge Wagensberg is the Scientific Director of the Foundation'la Caixa'and the former Director of the Area of the Environment and Science at'la Caixa'.

Draft Council conclusions on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation-Adoption of Council conclusions At its meeting on 17 april 2012, the Audiovisual Working Party reached an agreement

EAEX Draft Council conclusions on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

-The digitisation and online accessibility of the Member States'cultural material and its longterm digital preservation are essential to enable access for all to culture

Digitisation and online accessibility of Member States'cultural heritage, considered both in a national and cross-border context,

-The context for digitisation efforts and for collaboration at European level has changed since the Council adopted in 2006 conclusions on digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation2.

Europeana was launched in 2008 as a common multilingual access point to Europe's digital cultural heritage

WELCOMES-the Commission Recommendation of 27 october 2011 on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation4 (2011/711/EU) as part of the Digital Agenda for Europe5;

as well as the efforts to provide funding for digitisation in a time of economic crisis; -the valuable work done by Europeana,

-the need to continue work on technical standards for digitisation and metadata, including through the framework of Europeana, for the benefit of both accessibility and long-term preservation of digital material;

-the need to actively promote voluntary agreements6 on the large scale digitisation and online availability of out-of-commerce works and to take the necessary measures to provide for the required legal certainty in a national and cross-border context;

-that the digitisation and online accessibility of Europe's cultural heritage should be carried out in full respect of intellectual property rights;

6 On 20 september 2011 a Memorandum of Understanding on the Key Principles on the Digitisation and Making Available of Out-of-Commerce Works was signed in Brussels by stakeholders'representatives,

consolidate their strategies and targets for the digitisation of cultural material; consolidate the organisation of digitisation

and the provision of funding for digitisation, including through promoting the use of public-private partnerships;

improve the framework conditions for the online accessibility and use of cultural material; contribute to the further development of Europeana,

and approaches to, digitisation as well as the overall budgetary consolidation efforts being made in Member States; 7 http://ec. europa. eu/information society/activities/digital libraries/comite des sages/index en. htm. 8 COM (2011) 665 final/3. 9 COM (2011

present on this basis every two years a report on progress on digitisation, online accessibility and digital preservation;

and good practices including on public-private partnerships and standards for digitisation; 7. INVITES THE MEMBER STATES, THE COMMISSION AND EUROPEANA, within their respective competences,

To consolidate their strategies and targets for the digitisation of cultural material by: Consolidating, by the end of 2012,

targets for digitisation and maintaining or, where appropriate, increasing the priority given to digitisation Developing, by 2013,

standards for the selection of material to be digitised and the way the material is presented online,

or other visual protection measures that reduce usability Reinforcing monitoring of progress in digitisation to create overviews at national level and contributing to an overview at European level Contributing,

by the end of 2013, to the Commission's assessment of progress of digitisation and digital preservation at European level 8832/12 MM/ag/mj 8 ANNEX TO ANNEX DGE-1c E2.

To consolidate the organisation of digitisation and the provision of funding for digitisation, including through promoting the use of public-private partnerships by:

Encouraging public-private partnerships for digitisation between cultural institutions and private partners, taking as a point of departure the criteria outlined in the Commission Recommendation 2011/711/EU Making use of the EU Structural Funds,

if appropriate, to co-finance digitisation activities11 Promoting measures to optimise the use of digitisation capacity to achieve economies of scale,

keeping in mind the potential for cross-border collaboration 3. To improve the framework conditions for the online accessibility and use of cultural material by:

Ensuring that, in principle, material in the public domain remains in the public domain after digitisation, in full respect of intellectual property rights Promoting voluntary stakeholders'agreements

and other mechanisms facilitating digitisation and online accessibility of out-of-commerce works 11 These conclusions do not prejudge the negotiations on the next Multiannual Financial Framework. 8832/12 MM/ag/mj 9 ANNEX TO ANNEX DGE-1c

and contributing to cross-border aggregators for Europeana Encouraging the use of common digitisation standards

Some economies, especially low-and middle-income ones, start the digitization process by putting just some features online such as conducting a company name search

Provincial Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and UN-Habitat Inaugurates GIS Labs for Computerization and Digitization Process of Land Records, United nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), October 3

75 Digitisation Index...76 GDP per capita...77 Benchmarking analysis...78 4 Foreword Digital technologies are one of the most important sources of growth for national economies.

which digitisation takes place differs across industries and businesses. When investigating the different industry segments in more detail,

http://lego. cuusoo. com/Though affecting every industry and business function, the impact and pace at which digitisation takes place differs across industries and businesses 11 different industry classifications,

Digitisation is changing the way companies innovate and develop products and services. The impact of digitisation on marketing, sales and services is more obvious than on other business functions,

though impact on other business functions cannot be neglected. Nevertheless it can be said that a huge digital potential is far from fully exploited.

Using Consumer Segmentation and Social media to Drive Market Growth The impact of digitisation on marketing,

As the process of digitisation evolves and matures, it is critical to monitor and anticipate the evolution of the business landscape.

Pillar 1 Increase industry digital transformation In order to increase the take-up of digital technologies and intensify the digitisation process in Europe's economy

digitisation is a trend with many facets, impacting industries and businesses differently.‘‘Financial services & insurance',‘computers & electronics'and‘media & telecommunications'are leading the race to maximise the enabling and disruptive potential of digital technologies,

Digitisation is significant but it doesn't affect every industry and business function in the same way. 17 Figure 5 Digitisation Index6 (2011) Source:

Booz & Company (2011. Measuring Industry Digitisation-Leaders and Laggards in the Digital economy Not only is there a substantial gap between the leading and less digitised sectors in terms of digitisation, the pace at

which digitisation takes place across industries differs As well as illustrated in Figure 6, the difference between leading industry‘financial services & insurance'and laggard‘hotel & restaurants'measured 35%in 2010.

Only one year later, the gap between the industries had risen to almost 40%.6 The Industry Digitisation Index is derived from by Eurostat's 2011 15 information society benchmarking framework.

In creating the index Booz & Company has divided the data into four separate factors, each

Midfield Lagging There is a substantial and growing gap in terms of digital uptake across industries 18 Figure 6 Industry digitisation index change 2010 2011 Source:

Measuring Industry Digitisation-Leaders and Laggards in the Digital economy Additionally, policy makers should be aware that even within one industry,

most progress in terms of digitisation can be found in the underlying ICT infrastructure and the presence and connection to internet (i e. business function‘infrastructure),

More information on those business dimensions can be found in the annex (digitisation index. Figure 7 Overall degree of digitisation across business processes (2011) Source:

Booz & Company (2011. Measuring Industry Digitisation-Leaders and Laggards in the Digital economy When looking into greater detail at companies in particular industries that are pushing the uptake of digital technologies illustrated in Figure 8 the differences among the four business process dimensions

stand out even more vividly: Looking at the input dimension, there is a significant variation across industries, ranging from+17 points in the Media & Telecommunications industry to-10 points in the Consumer goods industry;

which the digitisation process takes place differs substantially across industries Digitisation is significantly higher in the‘infrastructure'business dimension 19 Analysing the processing dimension industries vary by no more than 15 points in their degree of infrastructure digitisation;

Measuring Industry Digitisation-Leaders and Laggards in the Digital economy As a result, it is clear that industries primarily dealing with information

and challenges will be crucial to capturing the true value of digitisation. Digitisation affects and connects both ICT technology providers and users.

As both sides change disruptively boundaries between them are becoming blurred: Players both old and new face real challenges in meeting the demand for new products and services in the age of digitisation,

and the challenges aren't just technological. In what was used to be a relatively stable business environment for the old-line ICT service providers,

which the digitisation process takes place. Additionally, Figure 15 indicates that the process of digitisation differs not only along sectors

but across geographic borders as well. Figure 15 Digitisation differences across industries and regions (2011) Source:

Booz & Company (2011. Measuring Industry Digitisation-Leaders and Laggards in the Digital economy Generally, central and northern economies are more digitised

and those economies lead Eastern and Southern Europe in all but one industry(‘real estate, rental & leasing').

'Given the link between the extent of digitisation in a particular country and its GDP per capita (see annex),

The process of digitisation differs, not only across sectors, but across geographic borders as well 34 legal frameworks, too often preventing SMES

Looking at the digitisation index (see also the chapter'Barriers and Challenges')it is clear that overall digitisation has gone up for all industries,

and to jointly identify innovative ideas to increase digitisation in these sectors. Development and promotion of information sessions on digital innovation

and to jointly define actions to increase digitisation. Design and launch of a series of digital innovation campaigns targeting less digitised 1 Impact:

generate as many ideas as possible to increase digitisation in less digitised industry sectors. -Second phase:

Receiving input about innovative ideas for the promotion of the digitisation of industrial sectors is important for the increase of actual entrepreneurship related to digital applications.

-The take-up of digitisation across industries and the evolution of digital skills, eleadership skills and talent across Europe.

this report shows that digitisation is a trend with many facets. Though affecting every industry and business function, the impact and pace at which digitisation takes place differs across industries and businesses.

Digital technologies disrupt not only existing businesses, but also open up opportunities for new companies in new industries.

Digitisation is therefore not only about technology start-ups; greater use of technology is needed in all companies across all sectors.

As the process of digitisation evolves and matures, it is critical to continuously monitor the evolution of the European digital transformation.

Measuring industry digitisation: leaders and laggards in the digital economy-COM (2013) 151 final. Proposal for a Directive of the European parliament and of the Council on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, pupil exchange, remunerated

Digitisation Index The Industry Digitisation Index is derived from Eurostat and its 2011 15 information society benchmarking framework.

GDP per capita Figure 23 GDP per capita in PPS versus digitisation index Source: Booz & Company (2011.

Measuring Industry Digitisation-Leaders and Laggards in the Digital economy & Eurostat (2011; Deloitte analysis 271 125 127 129 129 131 114 119 121 108 109 94 98 100 100 79 85 73

12 1. Supporting and promoting the digitisation of industry...13 2. Supporting the young digital economy...

27 4. Exploiting digitisation's potential for innovation...28 5. Understanding the digital transformation through research...

36 5. Digitisation in development cooperation...36 2digital Agenda for Germany The digital transformation is opening up a vista of opportunities for improving our economic vitality and quality of life,

The positive effects of digitisation can only unfold if this transformation is rooted firmly in the centre of society

we want to seize the opportunities that digitisation presents to strengthen Germany's role as an innovative and highly productive economy within the European union and across the globe.

The Internet and digitisation add new dimensions to the transfer of knowledge. Networked research is making the process of discovery and invention and their transfer into innovation faster than ever before.

and equal access to the opportunities afforded by digitisation, which open up new possibilities for action and participation,

and its people can reap the full benefits of digitisation. 4a. Basic principles of our digital policy Something that, until quite recently, seemed to belong to the realm of futuristic science fiction is now an integral part of daily life in Germany anyone in virtually any location can now communicate electronically,

Digitisation also facilitates the provision of medical care, for example, by making x-rays and medical records more readily available to consulting physicians

Increasing digitisation is also making it easier to reconcile family and working life, and soon we will even be able to choose

Digitisation offers tremendous opportunities and potential for synergies to develop. Policymakers therefore must actively support this structural change

as digitisation and the associated internationalisation that will ensue will change the circumstances of each and every person in our society.

and its people to reap the maximum benefits of digitisation. We want the Digital Agenda to set Germany on course to play a leading role in ensuring that the progressive digitisation of our daily lives,

and of the worlds of learning, work and business is achieved in a systematic, socially acceptable, responsible and safe manner.

A. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OUR DIGITAL POLICY 5 Digitisation and societal development A strong digital economy is a fundamental building block of a competitive service society and industrial nation.

However, despite all the positive effects of digitisation, the associated risks and threats cannot be denied. For example, the catchphrase big data refers to the ever increasing volume of digital information that can be used by organisations to make predictions about people's everyday habits

In the face of these challenges, we must work with all stakeholders in particular at a European level to formulate solutions that do not diminish the opportunities presented to all of us by digitisation.

Digitisation can be viewed rather as adding another dimension to our lives. Our social coexistence remains intact albeit in an extended form online.

Therefore, German policies relating to digitisation will be guided by the core values and accepted rules on

Digitisation also gives everyone an opportunity to become part of the digital space. By contributing content, making information available or developing software, individuals play an active part in the digital world.

In all areas of education, developing well-rounded media literacy will help people to respond competently and responsibly to digitisation,

We must also ensure that the huge opportunities presented by the Internet and digitisation, in particular the new forms of communication and access to information they enable,

we want to act as a beacon for digitisation in Germany. Through open data, i e.,, the publishing of machine-readable state data on the Internet, we will strive to create greater transparency

Our objective is for all citizens to be able to take advantage of the benefits of digitisation.

and promoting the digitisation of industry The Federal government is committed to supporting the forward-looking projects Industry 4. 0 and smart services outlined in the High-tech Strategy for Germany.

We are encouraging digitisation in important future markets and areas by: zzdeveloping centres of excellence to provide information and demonstrations of best practice for Industry 4. 0 and smart services to the SME and skilled craft sector and also supporting user-friendly applications

zzsupporting the digitisation of construction; zzfurther developing legal specifications for the integration of telemedicine; zzexpanding the ehealth initiative, enhancing links with the innovations delivered by health care businesses

Digitisation and interconnectivity in these areas help to boost the productivity of the basic systems used in our community.

We want to adapt the legal framework for protecting intellectual property in line with the rapid pace of technical digitisation in industry and society.

At the same time, digitisation is giving rise to new challenges in relation to, for example, the creation of new ways of working.

The possible effects of digitisation on employee co determination must also be taken into account. Furthermore a noticeable impact on employment trends is to be expected.

The skillsets of employees and job seekers will need to evolve to meet the requirements of digitisation,

We want the job profiles affected by digitisation for example in the IT sector to adapt if necessary to the new requirements of a networked

and green IT The transition to renewable energy (Energiewende) will drive digitisation in the energy sector.

To exploit the full potential of digitisation, we need to promote and further develop smart buildings, smart production systems and ways of optimising traffic systems. 17 18 PERSONALFÜHRUNG III.

including company signatures. zzthe digitisation of innovative public services and processes both facilitates and dictates further openness with regard to state geo data, statistics and other datasets (open data).

and ramping up the digitisation of the government's procurement processes. Our work on further developing e-procurement

such as particular ways of communicating with each other, operating machinery and devices or sourcing information, are becoming less important as a result of digitisation.

Digitisation also offers new opportunities in this area. The Federal government will support new ways of allowing citizens to become involved in helping each other using digital technology. 1. Engaging in greater dialogue with social groups Previously,

discussions on the social issues related to digitisation have only been held intermittently and within a small group of interested parties.

supporting family life and equal opportunities Digitisation is already helping us to achieve a more flexible balance between work, family lives and leisure.

and participation created by digitisation, the government, business sector and society must make concerted efforts to invest sustainably in education,

Scientists must conduct more research on the subject of digitisation itself. This is the only way that they can make the necessary contribution to the social and political debate surrounding the relationship between freedom

CULTURE AND MEDIA zzto be prepared for the main challenges posed by digitisation in the working world,

The Digitisation University Forum (Hochschulforum Digitalisierung) identifies opportunities for digitisation in universities and drafts recommendations for action. 4. Exploiting digitisation's potential for innovation To help innovations enjoy market success,

we are focusing on a continuous value chain from basic research to transfer and commercialisation. zzwe are developing our High-tech Strategy into a comprehensive,

Its aim is to be a leader in this area. zzwe are also increasing research on digitisation in medicine, for example,

with a focus on medical informatics. 5. Understanding the digital transformation through research First-class research is essential for underpinning society‘s debate around digitisation,

a publicly funded research institute will investigate the ethical, legal, economic and participatory aspects of the Internet and digitisation.

and risks of future developments in digitisation will be funded as part of the innovation and technology analysis. 6. Culture and media Digital technologies and distribution via the Internet have revolutionised

We will also continue to drive the digitisation of cultural assets and improve accessibility to our cultural and scientific heritage in archives, libraries and museums.

and standards for the digitisation of cultural assets (including digital cinema and film digitisation) and for the long-term preservation of knowledge,

and to adapt this regime more effectively to digitisation and convergence of media in the relevant areas of media supervision,

in order to reap the full benefits of digitisation for German society and its economy. People will not trust new digital services

System security and data protection are the key crosscutting issues of digitisation and are incorporated into all areas of activity in the Digital Agenda. 1. Greater online protection for citizens

At the same time, we want to optimise the opportunities offered by digitisation for our society and economy. zzwe will modernise

and human rights round table with the involvement of civil society and the private sector. 5. Digitisation in development cooperation We are using digitisation as an important element of development cooperation.

digitisation is seen and promoted as a means of transparent, efficient governance and administration in the partner countries of German development cooperation. zzwe regularly supply raw data on ongoing development projects to the International aid Transparency Initiative (IATI),

to provide data entry, digitization, content moderation, and other services. Component tasks (microwork) are distributed to the workforce,

Because digitization has presented a whole host of challenges for many museums, libraries and archives, the aim was to also develop a reusable IT open source solution.

Because digitization has presented a whole host of challenges for many museums, libraries and archives, the aim was to also develop a reusable IT open source solution.

The recentlyadopted (October 2012) Directive on Orphan works15 sets out common rules on the digitisation

The Memorandum of Understanding (Mou) on Out-of-Commerce Books sets out a broad framework for the mass digitisation of books and scientific journals.

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