Transf. 34 (2009) 320 342.9 M. C. Roco, Nanoscale science and engineering: unifying and transforming tools, AICHE J. 50 (2004) 890 897.10 M. Roco, Possibilities for global governance of converging technologies, J. Nanopart.
Res. 10 (2009) 666 670.32 A l. Porter, W. B. Ashton, United states case study, in: L. Georghiou, J. C. Harper, M. Keenan,
Chang. 76 (2009) 1187 1197.35 C. Milburn, Nanotechnology in the age of posthuman engineering: science fiction as science, Configurations 10 (2002) 261 296.36 S. Kaplan, J. Radin, Bounding an emerging technology:
It was carried out between 2009 and 2012 by the Austrian Institute of technology AIT (Austria), Fraunhofer ISI (Germany), Z punkt (Germany) and Solutioning Design Scenarios SDS (Belgium.
She has been Deputy Head of the Competence Center Innovation and Technology management and Foresight between 2009 and 2011.
During the parliament's budget negotiation in 2008, approximately DKK 1 bn (ca. EUR 134 million) was allocated to strategic research in the two year period of 2009 and 2010.
Theme Budgets in millions of DKKS 2009 2010 Energy, climate and environment Energy systems of the future 190 455 Future climate and climate adaptation 43 0 Climate
Implementation of the Research2015 catalogue in real policy Political negotiations in Parliament, starting with the Fiscal Act of 2009 Most(>75%)of the 21 themes for strategic research were receiving budgets Speakers from the parties
the case of Luxembourg, Technology analysis & Strategic management 21 november (8))(2009) 933 951.10 L. Georghiou, J. Cassingena Harper, M. Keenan,
An exploratory study into the relationship between futures research and strategy and policy processes at Dutch ministries, Futures 41 (2009) 607 618.24 P. A. van der Duin, J. Dirven, C
analysis of modular foresight projects at contract research organisation, Technological Analysis and Strategic management 21 (3)( 2009) 381 405.15 T. Ko nno la, V. Brummer, A. Salo
/Futures 59 (2014) 39 49 42 survey was taken (end 2009) in percentage of Flemish digital TV-viewers.
Why‘open innovation'is old wine in new bottles, International Journal of Innovation Management 13 (2009) 715 736.3 C. Cagnin, D. Loveridge, O. Saritas, FTA
Proceedings of Yeditepe International research Conference on Foresight (Yircof 2009), Istanbul, Turkey, 2009.12 O. Saritas, Innovation Foresight and Foresightful Innovation in Europe and beyond, in:
Carvalho, A a. Fischmann, Ana'lise comparativa de modelos de alinhamento estrate'gico, Produc¸a o 19 (2009) 317 331.18 H. Mintzberg
In 2008, the European parliament and Council established the EIT as an independent agency in the EU. In the summer of 2009,
At the end of 2009, the first three KICS in the areas of climate change (Climate KIC), energy (KIC Innoenergy) and Information and Communication Technologies (EIT ICT Labs;
its three roles in enhancing the innovation capacity of a firm, Technological forecasting and Social Change 78 (2009) 231 243.6 H. Chesbrough, Open innovation:
creates an open innovation ecosystem, R&d Management 39 (2009) 420 430.9 O. Gassmann, Opening up the innovation process:
International Journal of Management Reviews 11 (2009) 29 49.30 K. M. Eisenhardt, J. A. Martin, Dynamic capabilities:
Defence S&t Agency Singapore, 2009; Spring et al. 2007; Quiggin, 2007. Other examples were initiated by ministries or departments,
Belgium and Switzerland (Habeggeer 2009) while other countries are building up scan-based policy documents (Finland (Academy of Finland and TEKES, 2006), Canada (Smith,
and which will focus on the use of scan data to address particular challenges that were indicated in the EC's World 2025 exercise (Fauroult, 2009).
At the end of 2009 these scans were merged into one scan, which has kept the name Sigma Scan.<<http://www. sigmascan. org/Live/>,last accessed 1 february 2010.8.
Available at<ftp://ftp. cordis. europa. eu/pub/foresight/docs/keytechnoologiesreport. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
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Summary available from<http://www. aka. fi/Tiedostot/Tiedostot/Julkaisut/Finnsight 2015 en. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
>,last accessed 1 june 2009. Defense Science and Technology agency Singapore 2009. Horizonsscan available at<http://www. dsta. gov. sg/index. php/943-DSTA-Horizons-2009>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs UK government, 2006, Horizon scanning and Futures Team, Sciennc Economics and Statistics DG, 2006.
Looking back at looking forwards, Next steps for Horizon scanning and Futurres DEFRA 2006. Available from<http://horizonscanning. defra. gov. uk/Viewdocument image. aspx?
Doc id=192>,last accessed 1 june 2009. Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) 2006. The DCDC's Global Strategic Trends Study, 2007 2036, third editiion Swindon, UK:
Available from<http://www. dcdc-strategictrends. org. uk/>,last accessed 1 june 2009. De Wit, B 2005.
Available from<http://www. rmno. nl/files content/Methodology%20engels%20web. pdf>,last accessse 1 june 2009.
Available from<http://www. limousin. drire. gouv. fr/di/di/fichiers%20pour%20liens/Technocles. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Available from<http://www. erff. org. uk/publications/reports/20071212-horizonscanning-report. aspx>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Available from<ftp://ftp. cordis. europa. eu/pub/foresight/docs/key-technologiesrepportpdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Fauroult, E 2009. The world 2025, contribution from an expert group. European commission, Directorate-General for Reseaarch Socioeconomic Sciences and Humanities.
Habegger B 2009. Horizon scanning in Government. Zurich: ETH Centre for Security Studies. Available from<http://www. isn. ethz. ch/isn/Digital-Library/Publications/Detail/?
/ots591=EB06339B-2726-928e-0216-1b3f15392dd8&lng=en&id=96274>,last accessed 1 june 2009. International council for science 2002. Identification of Key emerging Issues in Science and Society:
Available at<http://www. icsu. org/Gestion/img/ICSU DOC DOWNLOAD/22 dd file spru07 02-Report. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Foresight analysis. Available at<http://www. icsu. org/Gestion/img/ICSU DOC DOWNLOAD/371 dd file foresight analysis. pdf>,last accessse 1 june 2009.
>last accessed 1 june 2009. Loveridge D 2002. The STEEPV acronym and process: a clarificattion ideas in progress, paper 29, Manchester, UK:
Available from<http://www. personal. mbs. ac. uk/dloveridge/documents/steepv wp29. PDF>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
id article=102>,last accessed 1 june 2009. Ministerie van Economische Zaken1998. Technologie radar 1 en 2. Den haag:
Available from<http://www. rand. org/pubs/rand europe/2008/RE98004. 1. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Available from<http://www. nwo. nl/files. nsf/pages/NWOA 6PXJ9W ENG/$file/wetens chap gewaarderd lowres eng. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
>last accessed 1 june 2009. OECD-DASTI, 2007, Horizon scan August 2007 (2007. Available from:<<http://www. oecd. org/dataoecd/22/56/39991237. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Office of the Deputy Prime minister, UK 2006. All Our Futures: The challenges for local governance in 2015.
Available at<http://www. jan-schwarz. de/downloads/executivesummary. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009. Schwarz, J O 2008.
Available from<http://www. techforesight. ca/Publications/Whatbroadsecuritychallenges Maycanadaface. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009. van Rij, V 2008.
2009) about 5%of the size of the European economy and 3%of total employment in 2005 (Turlea et al.
2009). ) In the period 2000 2003 this sector contributte to more than 25%of Europe's productivity growth, making it the leading sector in the EU econoom both in terms of labour productivity (almost twice the whole economy average
Turlea, G, S Lindmark, L Picci et al. 2009. The 2009 Report on R&d in ICT in the European union.
JRC Scientific and Technicca Reports 23832 EN. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publicatiion of the European communities.
Jack Smith has been an adjunct professor at Telfer School of management at the University of Ottawa since 2009.
From 2006 2009 he was a policy researcher at the APEC Center for Technollog Foresight, Bangkok, Thailand.
and Technology Working group Meeting held in March 2009 in Mexico. Elsewhere the report was disseminated throughout the Asia-pacific region
Rangsin's project was concluded in February 2009 and has provided policy recommendations to the Thai government (Rangsin, 2009).
Conclusion Bibliometric analysis and scenarios have been used to study the factors involved in initiation and spread of EID within the framework of the EID life cycle model.
Rangsin, R, 2009. Policy Recommendation Paper of Surveillance system for Emerging Infectious diseases in Thailand. Bangkok: National Center for Genetic engineering and Biotechnology.
those who were able to perceive the signs certainly have a comparative advantage over others (Loveridge 2009).
Among the international contributions, Moorcroft's study (Moorcroft 2009) stands out. It presents an overview of trends
Moorcroft, S. 2009) Trends Affecting Innovation policies, and Promotion. London: Shaping Tomorrow. Popper, R. 2008)‘ Foresight methodology'.
Zhang et al. 2009) or assessment of the state of its STI capabilities (D'Costa and Parayil 2009;
based on data on national S&t programs provided in the China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology (2009).
2009 China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology Data from 2008. Note: In order to simplify, some programs have been grouped into one‘bubble'.
MOST (2009)( see Note 2) and China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology (2009).**Data for 863 Program are from MOST (2009)( see Note 2),
China Science and Technology indicators (2008) and from<http://www. sts. org. cn>accessed 20 may 2011.264.
MOST (see Note 2) and China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology (2009). Research priority setting in China. 265 the ideal of planning also shapes and influences programs for excellence.
products and services suffers from several institutional shortcomings and weaknesses, both with regard to bank lending and venture capital funding (Fuller 2009;
As a result, there is a severe shortage of innovation funding, particulaarl for private firms and for SMES (The Economist 2009;
and top officials from 23 ministries and ministry-level organizatiion (Liu 2009; Schwaag Serger and Breidne 2007.
2009), p. 292. Beijing: China Statistics Press. D'Costa, A. and Parayil, G. 2009) New Asian Dynamics in Science, Technology and Innovation.
China and India in Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. The Economist. 2009)‘ China's struggling smaller firms.
Small fish in a great pond',10 september 2009..(2011)‘ Entrepreneurship in China. Let a million flowers bloom',10 march 2011.
Elzinga, A. 1985)‘ Research, bureaucracy and the drift of episteemi criteria'.'In: Wittrick, B. and Elzinga, A. eds) The University research System.
Fuller, D. B. 2009)‘ How law, politics and transnational networks affect technology entrepreneurship: Explaining diverrgen venture capital investing strategies in China',Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27: 445 59.
Liu, L. 2009) Research priorities and priority-setting in China. Stockholm: Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation systems (VINNOVA.
Zhang, C.,Zhihua Zeng, D.,Mako, W. P. and Seward, J. 2009) Promoting Enterprise-Led Innovation in China.
DIT (2009) Yearbook of Medical Devices 2009 2010 (2009-2010. Taipei: Department of Industrial Technology.
opportunities and problems encountered in sectors, technologies and social networks (Stirling et al. 2009). Clearly, the eorientation of innovation systems places particular demands on STI policy and the governance of innovation systems.
The identification of grand challenges and the corresponding priorities for research and innovation through the use of forward-looking activities is mentioned explicitly in the Council's conclusions (December 2009) 7 on guidance on future priorities for European research.
I.,Smith, A. and Van Zwanenberg, P. 2009)‘ Transformative innovation',A research report for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs. Brighton:
2009) derive four modes of governance from argumeent that build on cultural theory (Tukker and Butter Figure 1. Identified types of transformations.
Joos et al. 1999) and foresight processes in general follow this type of model (Butter et al. 2009. There are obvious exceptions to this rule
and require structured interactions with a broad range of related policy domains (European research area Board 2009;
Butter, M.,Brandes, F.,Keenan, M.,Popper, R.,Giesecke, S.,Rijkers-Defrasne, S.,Braun, A. and Crehan, P. 2009)‘ Monitoring foresight activities in Europe and the rest
2009)‘ Preparing Europe for a new Renaissance. A strategic view of the European research area',First Report of the European research area Board.
T.,Carrillo Hermosilla, J.,Loikkanen, T. and van der Have, R. 2009) Governance of energy system transition:
These areas were considdere to still be valid in 2009 and are being carried mostly over into the new strategic plan (2012 7). Therefore,
and Review (CSPR) and was started in October 2009. The sub-sections that follow begin with a discussion of the considerations
perhaps coalescing into a‘perfect storm'of major problems (Beddington 2009) this thought experiment served to lessen the remoteness of 2031
Phase 1 october 2009 to April 2010: Gather perspectiive on the key drivers influencing international science in the next 20 years (from individuals in ICSU's membership, bodies,
References Beddington, J. 2009)‘ Food, energy, water and the climate: A perfect storm of global events?'
'speech delivered at the conferrenc‘Sustainable development UK 09',held London, 19 march 2009. Bo rjeson, L.,Ho jer, M.,Dreborg, K.,Ekvall, T. and Finnveden, G. 2006)‘ Scenario types and techniques:
2009: 955) argue that policy processes have gone through a conceptual shift in which a linear model of policy-making has been replaced with a more learningbaase cyclical model.
strategic counselling and facilitating (Weber et al. 2009: 956). ) Georghiou and Keenan (2006: 766) also distinguish three policy rationales of foresight.
Phaal and Muller 2009. The first is the culture of technology roadmapping, in which roadmapping is approached as a normative instruumen to identify relevant technologies
It is based on an idea that roadmaps are like visual narratives that describe the most critical paths of future developments (Phaal and Muller 2009.
Eerola and Loikkanen 2009. Heiskanen et al. 2009: 411 2) have provided a crystallizaatio of the central features of TM.
First, TM is based on long-term thinking. In this case, the long-term stands for a period of over 25 years.
the Victoria Technology roadmap, made by Intellectual Capital Services (ICS) and VTT, in Victoria, Australia, in 2009.
Building owners and users do not have the same incentives to improve building performmanc in relation to, for example, energy efficiency (World Business Council for Sustainable development 2009.
Innovation policy roadmapping. 189 Eerola, A. and Loikkanen, T. 2009) Governance and Research of Nordic Energy system Transition-Summary Report of the Gorenest Project, VTT Research Notes 2505.
Heiskanen, E.,Kivisaari, S.,Lovio, R. and Mickwitz, P. 2009)‘ Designed to travel? Transition management encounters environnmenta and innovation policy histories in Finland',Policy Sciences, 42: 409 27.
Phaal, R. and Muller, G. 2009)‘ An architectural framework for roadmapping: Towards visual strategy',Technological forecasting & Social Change, 76:39 49.
2009) Energy efficiency in Buildings. Transforming the Market. Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable development. Weber, M.,Kubeczko, K.,Kaufmann, A. and Grunewald, B. 2009)‘ Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis:
experiences from the innovation policy foresight and strategy process of the City of Vienna',Technology analysis and Strategic management, 21: 953 69.
Gnamus (2009) proposes eight levels in internatioona science and technology (S&t) co-operation (see Fig. 1). This paper will focus on level four‘programme co-operation and co-ordination'.
management and sharing of intellectual property rights (CEC 2010) In the ERA NET scheme a four-step approach is applied4 (Matrix-Rambøll 2009).
%generating multinational evaluation procedures (55%)(Matrix-Rambøll 2009. For the purpose of this paper we define five key functions in transnational research programming,
For example, ERAWATCH data show that two-thirds of 2009 national research prograamme relevant for the Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture,
%while in Lithuania over 50%of gross expenditure on r&d is performed by this sector (calculaation based on Eurostat data for 2009).
'The case description is based on EMIDA Description of Work (2009. 22. This initiative builds on the work of the SCAR. 23.
Case description based on EMIDA Description of Work (2009. 28. To this end terms of reference (Ooms 2009) for its establishment have been drafted,
which will be part of a wider collaboration agreement. 29. Case description based on Urban Europe (2011. The first experiences with practical implementation followiin this report may look somewhat different than described in this report.
2009)‘ Description of Work, Grant Agreement for Co-ordination and Support Actions (Coordinating) EMIDA, Annex 1, approved 31 january 2008 and updated 28 october 2009 (FP7 Theme
Gnamus, A. 2009) Comparative Report on S&t Cooperation of the ERA Countries with Brazil, India and Russia, JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, EUR 25022 EN.<
2009)‘ Evaluation and impact assessment of the ERA NET scheme and the related ERA NET actions under the 6th Framework programme Volume 1:
OECD. Ooms, W. 2009)‘ EMIDA deliverable 4. 1 A framework for a durable Foresight & Programming unit, including terms of reference to develop a strategic research agenda dynamically,
which is extended at the margins of the known environment and possibly beyond it (Loveridge 2009.
and researchers (Mendonc¸a et al. 2009) Emerging issues Beyond horizon scanning the concept of emerging issues is used also in the area of risk assessment (Marvin et al. 2009), in the field of environmental issues (Sutherland et al. 2010) and in organisations in their environmental scanning (Morrison 1992).
Czaplicka-Kolarz et al. 2009; Smith et al. 2010; Sutherland et al. 2010; 2011). ) Focusing on specific fields, surveys can deliver additional information on various side aspects related to the core issue.
Czaplicka-Kolarz, K.,Stanczyk, K. and Kapusta, K. 2009)‘ Technology foresight for a vision of energy sector developmeen in Poland till 2030.
Loveridge, D. 2009)‘ Foresight: The Art and Science of Anticipating the Future'.'New york and London:
2009)‘ A working procedure for identifying emerging food safety issues at an early stage: Implications for European and international risk management practices',Food Control, 20: 345 56.
Mendonc¸A s.,Pina e Cunha, M.,Ruff, F. and Kaivo-oja, J. 2009)‘ Venturing into the wilderness:
'which was carried out in 2009 by the Joint research Centre-Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC-IPTS) for the Bureau of European Policy Advisors (BEPA) of the European commission (EC).
Mckinsey & Company 2009; Saritas and Smith 2011), for instance, can be effective in collecting and assessing observations as well as in synthesizing these inputs (Ko nno la et al. 2007;
Salo et al. 2009) in preparation for subsequent face-to-face stakeholder workshops. 2. 4 Building ground for crosscutting policy coordination At best,
Fuerth 2009. From the process perspective, this type of direct engagemeen in workshops helps expose policy-makers to the diversity of issues at stake.
the BEPA of the EC organized a series of foresiigh activities (European communities 2009; Boden et al. 2010) which focused on long-term developments and their policy implications on EU policy-making,
European communities (2009)‘ The world in 2025. Rising Asia and socio-ecological transition',EUR 23921 EN.
Fuerth, L. S. 2009)‘ Foresight and anticipatory governance',Foresight, 11:14 32. Georghiou, L. and Cassingena Harper, J. 2011)‘ From priority-setting to articulation of demand:
Mckinsey & Company (2009)‘ How companies are benefiting from Web 2. 0: Mckinsey global survey results',<http://www. mckinseyquarterly. com/>accessed 14 september 2011.
Salo, A.,Brummer, V. and Ko nno la, T. 2009)‘ Axes of balance in foresight:
The idea The Lund Declaration (Lund Declaration 2009) formulated a request that European research should focus on the grand challenges of our time, moving beyond current rigid thematic approaches.
what we should‘address'as a global challenge (see Lund Declaration 2009; EU 2011 or the different definitions given during the presentations at the Innovation Convention, held 5 6 december 2011 in Brussels). Some institutions and companies have lists of megatrends and regard them as global challenges.
In parallel with the Lund Declaration (2009), the European commission published some brochures about the‘challenges'.'One is‘The World in 2025'(EU Commission 2009),
which argues about trends, tensions and major transitions. Here the (mega-)trends and the global problems are derived from the‘tensions'described in this approach.
Trends mentioned are (EU Commission 2009: 11ff):.) The Asian century is approaching, with nearly twothiird of the world's population living in Asia (in 2025), with increasing inequalities and Asia as the first producer and exporter of the world..
and cultural distance (EU Commission 2009: 19ff) In this context, transitions are assumed to be:.towards a multi-polar world and world governance. towards a new universalism (political-cultural transition.
'demographic change and‘active ageing'(EU Commission 2009: 19ff) These transitions are considered also to be‘megatrends'in other publications.
see Glenn et al. 2009; for a brief introduction see Cuhls 2008. These reports served as a basis for the challenges for the Fraunhofer Society (see below.
The Lund Declaration (2009) made clear that: European research must focus on the grand challenges of our time moving beyond current rigid thematic approaches.
The most convincing projects were funded internally. 4. 2 Deriving Fraunhofer-specific challenges from global challenges The 2009 State of the Future report of the UN Millennium Project was chosen (Glenn et al. 2009) as a starting point for deriving the Fraunhofer
The 14th issue (Glenn et al. 2009) was used. The following process steps were performed to distill specific Fraunhofer challenges from the report:(
2009) The World in 2025. Rising Asia and Socio-ecological Transition, EUR 23921 EN. Brussels:
Glenn, J. C.,Gordon, T. J. and Florescu, E. 2009)‘ 2009 State of the Future;
2009), See<www. se2009. eu/..fs/1...lund declaration final version 9 july. pdf>accessed 20 september 2011. Naisbitt, J. 1984) Megatrends:
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