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| 20th century (6) | |
| 21st century (18) | |
| Century (25) | |
| 19th century (5) | |
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K. M. Weber/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 462 482 tendances lourdes can be identified like the development of electricity and propulsion technologies starting in the late 19th century and information
Van den Belt and Rip 36 extended the Nelson Winter Dosi models for the late 19th synthetic dye industry,
and economy in the 12th to 15th century in Europe as this major institutional innovation is described by P. A. David, masked in the language of our contemporary discussions of university research and training policies 1,
12 conducting various types of research. 13 Academies emerged in some countries as early as the end of the 16th century 1, pp. 5 6,
while further research actors became strong players in the 19th century, notably firms (often but not exclusively in the form of R&d units) and public labs 12.
Indeed, for centuries universities had been elite education institutes for the elite in two respects:(i) only the elite of a given age cohort was offered higher education;
largely unchanged universities would push hard to maintain their centuries-old monopoly to validate knowledge; yet, a number of other organisations e g. think tanks, private research organisations, private nonprofit research organisations, government laboratories, consultancy firms, patient organisations, various NGOS, trade associations and interest groups
Future-oriented technology analysis Impacts and implications for policy and decision making The unfolding acceleration of global innovation is expected to become the hallmark of the first half of the 21st century.
He has written a fresh and thought-provoking analysis on Wall street A 21st century Crisis: Relearning Some Systems Lessons.
Regional foresight Strategic planning Participation Infrastructure 1. Infrastructure planning and foresight In OECD countries, most infrastructure sectors such as electricity supply, water supply and sanitation were constructed over the 20th century by implementing a narrow
Sustainable global automobile transport in the 21st century: an integrated scenario analysis, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 73 (6)( 2006) 607 629.1161 E. Störmer et al./
The Prima Approach to Decision support, Springer, Berlin, 2000.25 United states Commission on National Security in the 21st century, New world Coming:
American Security in the 21st century, Study Addendum, 1999.26 S. A. Van't Klooster, M. B. A. van Asselt, Practicing the scenario axis technique, Futures 38 (1)( 2006) 15 30.27 D. Groves, D. Knopman, R. Lempert, S. Berry,
‘‘Technology will play as significant a role in the 21st century as it did in the 20th''4. From the conceptual ground of the paper,
In the UK, there had been major scenario work on strategies for developing a competitive edge in nanotechnology and literature/expert surveying of social issues associated with this field, in the early years of the present century.
It has been only since the middle of the Twentieth Century, that a long, slow running unease with the assumption that all science and technology were‘good things
and 2025 as the character of the 21st century begins to become firmly established. What are the shaping forces,
and need for management Aging/labor force ratio creating tensions Negative prospects from genetic manipulation‘‘Privacy loss''as 21st century externality Pandemic risks increase Genetically designed children will be possible Dematerialisation the West
and migration Strategic cyber intrusions attacks shut downs Water is the oil in the 21st century Disintegration of states,
century and its full development during the twentieth century, one of the key concerns of urban planning has been to foresee the future and limit uncertainty.
In the second half of the twentieth century, urban planning abandoned its visionary origins and became more technocratic,
By the end of the twentieth century, this situation had aggravated. Socio-demographic, economic and technological changes were taking place at a fast speed with nonlinear patterns
and turbulence that will characterise our cities in the twenty-first Century. In this context many traditional analytical tools will be of no help to urban planners,
In this scenario, Spanish society suffers a deep disenchantment with the socioeconomic model that prevailed at the end of the twentieth century.
they are heralded as a key technology for the 21st century. These potential innovations offer numerous benefits. There are great expectations among policymakers,
Nanotechnology is considered mainly as one of the technological developments to have far-reaching impacts on the industries of this century.
This social use of the telephone was invented basically by housewives in the USA, in particular, by those in the Midwest, around the first decade of the twentieth century.
Henri Bergson explored this question in great depth over a century ago. In Creative Evolution, he argued that both mechanistic and teleological approaches fail to explain novelty.
as the data are collected on categories that used to be important in the industrial economies and value production models of the twentieth century.
while occurring over decades or centuries, bringing life changing events where an appreciation of existence alone will bring the situation into a liveable perspective.
Shaping technology in 21st century society. Towards a repertoire for technology assessment. Heidelberg: Springer verlag. Groenveld, P. 1997. Roadmapping integrates business and Technology research Technology management 40, no. 5: 48 55.
The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Oxford: New Society. Elrod, P. D.,II, and D d. Tippett. 1999.
S&t for the 21st century'',Foresight Consolidation Report, available at www. nrc-cnrc. gc. ca/Nordic Innovation Centre (2007),‘Foresight in Nordic innovation systems'',Nordic Innovation
Q This statement, written a century ago, epitomizes one of the greatest mysteries of evolution still challenging scientists the emergence of novelty.
because nature owns the basic structure (then a fundamental law) of over shortcuts to reach easily the goals immediately ahead. 5 Technology is a recent human achievement that flourished conceptually in the 18th century,
demotion and rise of evolutionary concepts in economics It is well known the fact that the social sciences after experiencing an initial thrust from evolutionary concepts at the turn of 19th to 20th centuries have insisted historically in ignoring Darwinian ideas.
and by liberally using the concept of inherited habits gave birth to the most controversial scientific debacle that lasted for over a century.
after a lapse of almost a half century after the initial thrust commented on in point 1. Basically he suggested that Darwinism contained a general theory of the evolution of all complex systems,
The initial ideas for this paradigm were developed almost a century ago. Dewey 25 put forth an argument proposing that policies be treated as experiments,
it showed that theory was‘a far more effective means than observation for precisely characterizing complex orbital motions physical theory gained primacy over observation for purposes of answering specific questions about the world'3. Over the course of the eighteenth century,
Innovation in the 21st century differs from the model embraced in the last century (i e. profit-oriented
the development of scenario practice as a methodology for planning and decision-making probably started more than half a century ago in the field of war game analysis. The Rand Corporation in the US became a major center for scenario thinking and Herman Kahn,
In the case of nanotechnology, a variety of FTA ACTIVITIES have been in use over the last quarter of a century to structure the field itself
and in spreading the idea that nanotechnology would become one of the key enabling technologies of the 21st century.
ISPIM conference Hamburg, 17 20th of June 2011, Lift conference Marseilles 2/3 july 2011 (INFU workshop), FTA conference Sevilla 2011,
The purpose of the project was to analyse the state of the Danish democracy at the start of the 21st century.
Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Italy, 2002.64 K. Linard, C. Fleming, L. Dvorsky, System dynamics as the link between corporate vision
20th System Dynamics International Conference, Italy, 2002.65 F. Schoeneborn, Linking balanced scorecard to system dynamics, in:
It has been proposed that a new paradigm is develoopin in the 21st century based on the combinatiio of nanotechnology, biotechnology,
It is increasingly evident that current governance structurres largely evolved in the 19th century are clearly proving incapable of addressing such issues with resolve or speed.
1996)‘ China's science and technology policy for the twenty-first century: A view from the top',<http://www. fas. org/nuke/guide/china/doctrine/stpol1. htm>accessed 25 may 2011.
Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st century. London: Royal Society. Schwartz, P. 1998) The Art of the Long View:
) The Asian century is approaching, with nearly twothiird of the world's population living in Asia (in 2025), with increasing inequalities and Asia as the first producer and exporter of the world..
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