| Environmental issue (10) |  |
| Future issue (13) | |
| Important issue (13) | |
| Issue (947) | |
| Long-term issue (6) | |
| Main issue (8) | |
| Methodological issue (9) | |
| New issue (6) | |
| Real issue (5) | |
| Relevant issue (3) | |
| Social issue (13) | |
| Societal issue (11) | |
| Special issue (60) | |
| Strategic issue (5) | |
Scapolo@cec. eu. int Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1059 1063 The seminar was organised to encourage cross-fertilization along six key issues of relevance for FTA research:
The issue related to combination of methods was reviewed and in particular, using multiple methods in controlled experiment mode.
The discussion also addressed the wider issues of the broadening perspectives that are being introduced to future work beyond technology and its development.
The longstanding issue of the need for involvement (and engagement) by decision makers in the study were stressed also.
The issue of how to make available the information being created in FTA EXERCISES brought out diverse opinions varying from concerns with intellectual property rights and exploitation of the resources to exponents of open source approaches to such information.
This session was devoted to the issues of evaluation of FTA and its techniques and processes.
The main high-level issues for evaluation were how to reconcile the routinization and standardisation that evaluation encourages with the creativity and dwild cardt nature of many of the ideas implicit in good FTA.
and thereby encouraging widespread innovation in organisational responses to the challenges of the future. 6. Importing ideas As might be expected of a session dealing with new ideas on FTA there was a wide diversity of suggestions and issues presented.
and especially about issues of substitution, lock in, path dependency. Lock ins occur early in technological trajectories,
whether the foresight community itself was locked-in in methodological terms given the age profile of methods. 7. This issue The articles of this issue only partly cover the richness of the papers delivered at the Seminar.
This converging understanding of the issues at play is expected to contribute to improving implicitly the coherence of the distributed decisions of these actors, in line with the shared mental framework developed.
and issues only rather than aiming at solutions. 6 See in particular the experiences made in the UK especially the most recent evaluation of the UK Foresight 12,
i e. it deals with issues like what assets to acquire as opposed to the operational decisions on how to deploy
First of all, one needs to clarify the focal issue of the strategy development exercise, i e. the main question or problem that the addressee of an exercise would like to have tackled.
these focal issues are usually related to societal goals at fairly aggregate levels (How can we achieve an overarching transition towards a more sustainable energy supply system?.
In the private sector, focal issues can be much more specific, dealing for instance with the future positioning of a firm
Secondly, the analytical boundaries of the innovation system that determines the evolution of the focal issue need to be clarified.
It is our experience that a good initial focal issue is important for a successful first workshop,
starting to specify each scenario in terms of key drivers and other descriptors of relevance to the focal issue.
A possible starting point is therefore a debate on visions related to the focal issue of the exercise.
The options delivered by the scenarios have also been assessed with respect to our focal issue. From today's perspective, portfolio analysis then looks across the scenarios
This is why issues of policy coordination both between different policy areas and between public and private actors have started to play such an important role in policymakkingwithin such a comprehensive setting,
Another issue is bringing the real options approach to bear at more than just the conceptual level.
Handbook of Systems analysis, Craft Issues and Procedural Choices, Elsevier/John Wiley, New york, 1988.22 S. K. Gupta, J. Rosenhead, Robustness in sequential investment decisions, Manage.
Methodologically, the processwas based on the Internet-based solicitation and assessment of research issues, the deployment ofrobust Portfoliomodeling (RPM) in the identification of promising research issues,
These issues were elaborated from national and European perspectives, which served to highlight the benefits of creating international RTD networks.
and assessed these issues in view of their perceived novelty. They were asked also to indicate how interested they would be in participating in a possible research project on any given research issue,
the Researchers proposed a total of 317 issues. These issues were assessed by Researchers and Industrial Table 1 Phases of the Woodwisdom-Net consultation process Task Participants Schedule 1. Solicitation of research issues Researchers Mid-july Mid-october‘05
2. Assessment of research issues Researchers December‘05 Mid-january‘06 3. Assessment of research issues Industrial leaders Three last weeks of January‘06 4. Initial
which allowed the Researchers to submit as many issues as they desired. For the purpose of information management, Researchers were asked to indicate which research area
and sub-area the issue would fit best within a taxonomical framework that was developed for the research issues.
This framework was helpful in that it helped the participants identify the issues that they were interested most In for each issue,
Researchers were asked also to justify the issue by describing expected results and impacts (e g.,, enhancement of competitiveness),
and to describe why the issue would merit collaborative European research funding. Finally, they were asked to indicate
whether the issue was characterized as basic or applied research. The questionnaire was open from Mid-june 2005 until Mid-october 2005.
whereafter they could assess those issues that they were interested in. Within each of the 23 sub-areas, some 10 to 50 Researchers provided assessments
For each issue, Researchers were asked first to assess the issue with regard to Novelty (i e.,, the extent to which they felt that the proposed issue was novel in wood material science.
Second, they were asked to estimate how interested they would be in participating in eventual projects on the issue.
Novelty was assessed using a seven-point Likert-scale, while participation was evaluated by choosing one of the following statements:
whereafter they could assess the issues they deemed interesting. The questionnaire was open in January 2006.
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 483 495 Industrial leaders evaluated issues, and a total of some 50 Industrial leaders participated the assessment phase.
The Industrial leaders assessed the issues with regard to Industrial relevance and Suitability for WWNNE using a seven-point Likert-scale.
which the issue was seen to call for RTD cooperation at the European level. 3. 2. 2. 4. Initial screening of research issues.
the Project Team analyzed issues based on the assessment data. For each issue, key statistics were calculated (e g.,
, average evaluation ratings for each criterion, corresponding standard deviations. Within each subarrea issues that tended to receive most support with regard to the three evaluation criteria (i e.
RPM was employed not in a normative sense for making definitive choices among the issues that had been proposed within the research sub-areas;
and for drawing attention to those issues that were deemed particularly interesting in view of this assessment.
In technical terms, RPM Screening is based on an additive preference model where the overall value of an issue is expressed as the weighted sum of its criterion-specific scores.
because the value of a portfolio is obtained by summing the values of its constituent issues.
there were no estimations on how costly potential research projects on the issue might; thus, there were no a priori grounds for assuming that some issue would call for more funding than another.
Therefore, in the model, it was assumed that each issue, if pursued, would consume an equal amount of funding resources.
Within each sub-area, it was envisaged that the identification of the 5 10 most relevant issues would be useful in building the workshop agendas;
defined as the ratio between i) number of non-dominated portfolios the issue belongs to and ii) the number of all non-dominated portfolios.
Thus, if CI of an issue is 1, this issue is contained in all non-dominated portfolios;
and conversely, if its index is 0, it does not belong to any non-dominated portfolios.
In effect, it follows that issues with a CI value of one should be selected, while those with a CI value of 0 should not be selected.
Results for the sub-area 1. 3 are shown in Figure 1 where the labels for the issues are shown on the horizontal axis
the participants in the ensuing workshops (as described below) did not have to delve into all proposed issues;
rather, they could focus on issues that were seemed most interesting in view of the evaluation criteria and the derived CI values.
This, however, did not mean that only issues with high CI value would have been discussed in the workshops:
and the workshop participants were welcome to highlight any other issues that they regarded interesting on any other grounds. 3. 2. 2. 5. Workshops for researchers and industrial leaders.
which helped bring in complementary perspectives to the proposed issues. The director of the TKK group (the third author of this paper) facilitated the workshops, with support from thewoodwisdom-Net Coordinator.
Then, the participants were invited to comment on the proposed solicited issues and their assessments (approx. 1. 5 h),
the workshop participants were asked expressly i) to comment on issues with a high CI value, ii) to highlight issues
which had a low CI value but which seemed nevertheless interesting, iii) to suggest other research topics that were not among the proposed issues (approx. 2. 5 h). After these discussions,
the workshop participants filled a questionnaire form where they were asked to evaluate the relevance of each research sub-area for European collaboration by using a seven-point Likertsccal
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 483 495 research sub-area, participants were encouraged to comment on the issues within it (approx. 1 h). Third, for each of the research sub-areas,
Another benefit is that the funding organizations can define the priorities based on a realistic understanding of what issues researchers are keen on pursuing
and how these issues are regarded by the end-users of research results (e g.,, industrial firms. Taken together, these features of structured consultation contribute to a closer alignment between the priorities (as conveyed by calls for proposals) and the interests and competencies of the RTD community.
together with an analysis of how interested the researchers are in working on these issues, may assist in the formation of new collaborative networks.
if the issue is identified indeed as one of the priorities. Information of this kind be can be exploited to facilitate the formation of newcollaborative networks
Delphi survey 1. Introduction 1. 1. Background In the last few years, the issue of regulatory impact assessment (RIA) has become very attractive, in particular among European policy-makers.
However, the identification of specific regulatory issues and even solutions cannot be achieved by applying simple indicator-based approaches.
the impacts of standards on central issues and assets of service companies have also been asked for
but more especially with measurement and testing issues, whereas only a small share is involved already in the production of quality and compatibility standards.
Issues are assessed, on which only uncertain and incomplete knowledge exists. It is structured based on a survey of expert groups
the issue of regulation was taken only into account in the large national Delphi exercises in Japan 43,
but also in the field business regarding e-commerce-related issues. 4 In summary, Delphi exercises focusing on the future of science and technology take the general regulatory framework into account as one kind of obstacle,
The application of the Delphi method to the issue of regulations and standards requires the development of questionnaires,
and marketing issues, have to be involved as well as those ministries responsible for general regulatory issues and the officers in regulatory bodies taking care of the implementation of regulations.
since surveying regulatory issues represents a special challenge. For the development of scenarios on the future role of regulation, information about the various regulatory options has to be collected.
Delphi surveys require the identification of a sufficient number of experts dealing with regulatory issues and being able to assess the future role and types of regulation.
This raises in general no problems for Delphi studies focusing on regulatory issues since the time frame of such studies should not be much more than ten years.
Based on the few existing experiences with surveys, it can be concluded that this methodology allows the identification of very specific future regulatory issues.
In addition, the time frame of Delphi studies focusing on regulatory issues should be much shorter covering only the next ten years,
which allow the Frontiers network to develop strategies for a number of different issues relevant to particular areas within nanotechnologies for the life sciences.
Which can have unintended consequences as Anthony Giddens 40 points out Merton has provided perhaps the classical discussion of the issue.
and issues that came from interviews and desk research (on socio-technical scenarios in general see Geels 64 and Elzen et al. 65,66).
Another issue is that cell biology is diverse and so for cell-on-a-chip many niche markets will be the key.
Major issues here were agreed in the workshop to relate to the relationship between MNC and start-ups:
and defend any IP issues based on their large resource base. One of the participants gave a case example:
The workshop participants agreed that the attractiveness of this innovation chain would be tempered again by IP issues a large number of companies, distributed IP,
and mobilising and coordinating resources is a key issue. On the other hand, advantages of such an approach are that new innovations will be occurring within the cluster
but 3 and 4 were agreed to be the most plausible ways forward (based on past failures of innovation chains 1 and 2). The participants also raised more general issues
The IP issue can be generalised to many projected nanotechnology innovations where technologies cannot be products in themselves
which can in themselves be turned into innovations. 23 This also a general issue in relation to the current situation of strategic science and application oriented research. 532 D. K. R. Robinson, T. Propp/Technological forecasting
Salient issues of the management of socio-technical aspects of this particular innovation chain were highlighted also.
This network level strategy support system is somewhat abstract from specific technological issues, such as cell-on-a-chip;
What are upcoming issues for regulation? The maps can be used to train programme officers/portfolio managers on anticipated issues along respective innovation chains,
enabling some sort of strategic management including decisions whether to deviate from strategies shown or go along with them.
He worked in South africa on the dynamics of social development projects and science-and-technology-in-society issues and at Twente University,
The issue remains that the degree to which modern societies have to deal with uncertainty
and implementation of foresight programmes by adding design and implementation principles to the existing evaluation issues of efficiency,
interdepartmental and interdisciplinary space needed for forward thinking on science-based issues. Impacts were grouped 11 See for example 2, 3, 8, 15 17.
establish fora and exploit the connections needed to keep issues identified as important at the forefront of the national agenda.
and the discussion moved on to analyse broader issues, like knowledge (types and sources of knowledge), knowledge production and use,
The major underlying assumptions for building visions for EU universities should be spelt out before addressing the more detailed issues,
Fourth, cohesion is an issue for (a large, advanced EU member states (given the significant differences among their regions),(b) for the four‘classic'cohesion countries,
Clearly, even a superficial treatment of this issue would be way beyond the scope of this paper. 27 There is no widely accepted definition of competitiveness;
This is thewell-known issue of having or not a‘federal EU'.(See also two visions of the EUROPOLIS project, coined Federal Europe,
successful regions Research agenda An appropriate balance between societal and techno-economic issues Focus on techno-economic issues;
particularly relevant for universities to play their societal role by better understanding the close relationships between societal and techno-economic issues,
'‘crosscutting'issues relevant to enhancing competitiveness are addressed not; the complexities of societal issues and competitiveness are addressed not;
mainly integrating disciplines relevant for tackling techno-economic (competitiveness) issues (i e. somewhat neglecting societal issues) 34 The likely impacts of further drivers,
Thus, the issues of multilevel governance should be analysed, and hence the need for a set of structured futures, representing the various levels of governance.
He has advised national governments and international organisations on the above issues. 582 A. Havas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 558 582
thus following the example of the first special issue from the previous edition of the Conference 2. This issue offers the reader a unique opportunity to travel with the editors on a journey of discovery where new approaches to the development of policies for advancing societal
In this way the issue also contributes to an evolving tool bag of diverse and enhanced tools for societally useful global innovation.
Finally, we will also address the issue of sustainability deficits of decisions: how to anticipate and integrate them into the formulation of a long term management strategy for infrastructure development.
depending on the issues examined and the purpose of the foresight exercise. Technology assessment (TA) has ingredients of both of these approaches
The first issue is reflected in the new VTT organisation and its multidisciplinary technology foresight team, consisting of researchers with experience on foresight, technology assessment and risk assessment studies,
of which the issues are illuminated, and positions these projects according to important foresight design dimensions. o Section 4 paves the way towards a modular and integrative approach by discussing the common and complementary features of risk assessment
Futures methodology issues 1. Introduction There are many methods and approaches to the study of the future.
and sometimes even elusive issues and they often seem easier to interpret by the Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1177 1186 Corresponding author.
like the idea of including interactive and mobile media skills to science education curriculum at the elementary level. 3. 3. Synthesizing discussion Each technology barometer consists of concluding discussions of certain topical issues
The selection and interpretations of these issues are made by the representatives of the TEK together with researchers from VTT.
The future fields are all crosscutting issues based on science and technology. All of them are specifically knowledge dynamic fields. 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In order to address crosscutting issues (objective no. 2 of the whole process a matrix was worked out in
or crosscutting issues. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss what kinds of measures are successful in the implementation of new
or companies in other countries dealing with crosscutting issues and future topics with a time horizon of 10 to 15 years and beyond?
or if it is more about identifying actors, innovation policy measures or other issues. When this paper is written,
and framing issues of policy relevance. Moreover, scenario planning can offer a policy risk-free space to visualize,
However only a handful of studies report empirical results on the central issue how scenario use correlates with an organisation's performance 28.
Stimulating wider debates about possible futures and clarifying an issues importance were ranked as the objectives of highest relevance.
Users often value the opportunity to explore contentious issues outside of the usual parameters in a safe space.
and support decision-making include the 5 The Future Analyst Network (FAN-Club) has been established as a permanent network of people dealing with future-related issues in different departments, agencies and the private sector. 1203
and the issues most amenable to influence. Institutional capacities are treated often superficially in the discussion.
Teresa has worked in environmental policy issues for over 20 years in various countries and for European union Institutions.
The checklist may be grouped under four issues relating to sources of:(i) motivation,(ii) power,(iii) knowledge,
along with the ethical and legal issues arising as a result of the widespread use of these products. A number of processes have been designed
these questions characterise trans science 4. These issues are discussed briefly in Box 1 (below) and in greater depth in Loveridge and Street 3. Throughout recent decades it has been presumed that people possess an infinite‘plasticity,
In this sense, the issue of inclusivity is not new. 1. 3. Some challenges to Inclusive foresight Creation of trust between all the parties involved is one of the major requirements of an effective Foresight programme, especially between the‘expert'community and the general public,
Academic social research Trade unions Issue groups including the Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, the Intermediate Technology development Group and other similar organisations Grass roots organisations Minority groups, such as women
and was designed to broaden participation through allowing the shape of the study to evolve 2 as participation through the Internet reveals issues of importance.
should be encouraged to do so Issues in focus: 5. Admission of the social influence on the directions taken by science and technology from within and without the scientific and technology community 6. Greater attention to the question of desirability,
Two issues emerge from inclusivity: 1. The dynamic properties of the VALS 1 typology itself.
Ulrich 17 19 and more recently Dempster in her description of sympoiesis 20 extended systems thinking to provide a better understanding of the issues associated with determining system boundaries and the roles of values associated with the implementation and measurement of practical results.
technological feasibility and artifact desirability of a nano artifact. 1218 D. Loveridge, O. Saritas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1208 1221 participation in Foresight relating to these issues.
to society as a whole sometimes to include global issues, leading to a profound sense of responsibility; support conservation, environmentalism and the consumer movement, often becoming impassioned and knowledgeable activists about the world as they see it.
Mature psychologically, they are able to see the many sides of an issue and lead it if necessary or equally easily to play a secondary role
usually possess a deep sense of the fittingness of things, a rare sense of judgement, that leads to self-assurance, self-actualisation, self-expression and a keen awareness of issues and sentiments, often with a world perspective.
The objective of the programme was to gain a deeper understanding of issues, perspectives and dynamics in order to develop smarter strategies.
Within this context, a key issue for many potential stakeholders, and most of those that were the subject of this FTA exercise was
and workshops on the nano governance issue. 9 For example the nanoelectronics industry coordination efforts described in 34 which would lie in the coordinating bodies box of the IC+diagram.
There is a lock in around RRI in the focus on HES issues. This would have consequences for other elements as resources are shifted away from them (path dynamics.
At the micro-level these broad discussion are termed as a separate issue for longer term speculation.
In the meantime, for the health authorities, the issue of proper clinical trials became an ever-increasing issue.
but confidentiality of development hampers transparency (issues of competition) and thus watchdogs find it difficult to access data to assess practices.
Tensions in this scenario include the issues of timeliness of engagement when to incorporate actors? Early stage technologies are fragile
and theological issues. Monitoring signatory compliance becomes a major issue. Code initiators attempt annual monitoring through direct contact to signatories, by asking them to volunteer time to report.
Comparative and systematic methods do not exist. There is a lack of watchdogs; self regulation and voluntary reporting go unchecked.
Liability becomes the issue. When problems begin to occur with certain products secondary effects, lack of regulation means it's difficult to find who is liable.
roles and responsibilities of researchers and the issues around risk of nanoparticles. The scenario in Box 4 will be shown in more detail in Section 5. 4. 2. The effect of these scenarios in the workshop The three scenarios together covered the various positions and expectations of those actors active in the debate around RRI.
and discuss around these, allowing an easier route to some of the key issues. A full analysis of the workshop interactions will be given elsewhere. 33 In the following section
and theological issues Forking and division of RRI labour: RRI topics begin to fork as actors focus either on Speculative Ethics 41 and nearteer Health Safety and Environment issues.
This creates a gap in ethics of the present and near future..Monitoring signatory compliance becomes a major issue Tension:
observed in many discussions of voluntary codes..Code initiators attempt yearly monitoring through direct contact to signatories,
Some issues of workers safety voiced but related to non-nano issues and passed to others.
This highlights another issue of where to locate responsibility for nanotechnology in applications, as nano is an enabling technology,
The report shows various gaps and issues (this was the case with the DEFRA report already.
a triggering event occurs which raises the issue of toxicity and exposure. This element of the narrative was inspired by NIOSH 2004 which raised concerns around the manufacturing of nanoparticles.
Because hazards and exposure issues are known not, it is difficult to decide whether nano is the problem or not.
The uncertainty is the issue. In the field of medical diagnostics, nano-enabled chips were beginning to be integrated into clinical practice
as medical nano enters the clinics user issues begin to emerge (previously unarticulated requirements come about.
The issue of MRSA links up to discussions on new standards for medical devices. This example is linked to a presentation given by manufacturing firm in the London meeting November 2007 on Nanomedicine.
Technical complexity becomes an issue. A number of legal actions were filed against medical device companies which in turn causes health insurance companies to withdraw their backing of the devices in their coverage.
clear issue of speculative ELSA in contrast to near-term ELSA 41..In contrast diagnostics for crime prevention and other non-health related applications continue to flourish A fork:
Public outcry as consumer organisations identify major issues in a number of sectors which could hold potential risk with no protection for the consumer (the house of cards collapses) Window of opportunity for selectors:
Liability becomes the issue Entrenched patchwork and lack of 13 REACH regulations Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances (EC 1907/2006) which entered into force on 1 june 2007.
and further responsibility issues were discussed, like how governance arrangements affect cowboy firms (and other organizations) versus good firms.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011