Q was to place Sandia's IA activities within a broader context, thus allowing for the identification of new opportunities by semantic association with activities outside Sandia.
The roughly 3800 records added to the Sandia IA data add significant context and content that provide fodder for new ideas.
In the context of this type of map, we define an opportunity as a space where other laboratories are performing work,
The second analysis consisted of analyzing each IA in the context of the entire DOE complex.
This will allow us to broaden the technology intelligence that forms the context of our maps
Better context also enables better avoidance of duplicative efforts and better knowledge of research risks.
it is our hope that a global-mapping context will allow us to identify and forecast technology paradigm shifts,
In this article, we explore the questions of systemic transformations and the building of an anticipaator culture in the context of VTT Technical research Centre of Finland.
First, we discuss the strategic development paths, anticipatory culture and systemic transformation capacities in the context of RTOS.
We explore the questions of systemic transformations in the context of Finnish RTO, namely VTT Technical research Centre of Finland,
1) the future development options in the context of anticipated and unknown challenges,(2) the past decisions that affect the organisation either explicitly or implicitly,
is an adaptive process-based methodology well suited for systemic contexts (see Ahlqvist, Valovirta, and Loikkanen 2012):
In the systemic context, roadmapping refers to a continuous and transparent process, not a single exercise,
In the context of systemic transformation capacities, the generic process of roadmapping is coarsely the following:(
For example, the long term in the context of a highly dynamic field, such as mobile Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
and set it in the context of organisational knowledge spaces (see the next section). These kinds of future manuscripts could also be produced with other narrative foresight methods, such as scenarios or‘genius forecasting'.
The third way to use roadmaps is to articulate demand in the context of, for example, a product or a service.
we have singled out four knowledge spaces that are important in the context of RTOS (see also Table 1). The model combines the four knowledge spaces with three basic temporal scales (past, present, and futures.
In the context of an RTO with an emphasis on technology development, this separation is, in our view,
strategy space and social/actor space, RD II scope Our second example applies roadmapping in the context of an organisational development process aimed at establishing a service research network at VTT.
and clarifiedvtt's role in the context of service research. The project had an explicit strategic purpose of initiating a new‘service mind-set'in the organisation.
It aspired to understand what the notion of‘Nordicness'would signify in the context of ICT applications.
From a capacity perspective, the project aimed to construct a basis for understanding the Nordic region as a‘common strategy region'in the ICT context.
and Sweden) Constructing a basis for understanding Nordic region as a‘common strategy region'in the ICT context Forming a perspective of ICT convergence in the Nordic region (fragmented modularisation ubiquitous) Evaluating the value and meaning
of the‘Nordicness'in the context of ICT applications Building structural openness for a Nordic region in the context of ICT adoption Building a systematic set of actions in the medium and long term and in the context of the four scenarios
Creation of four context scenarios on the adoption of ICT in four Nordic countries Building system-level strategic
openness towards future development options in the ICT context Systematic assessment of the different future options:
plausible, disruptive, alternative, unlikely Assessing the explorative application visions in the context of four scenarios Creation of scenario-based visionary socio-technical roadmaps on several application visions
It provided an assessment of explorative visions in the context of four scenarios and created scenario-based visionary sociotechhnica roadmaps.
In the capacity view, the project endorsed systemic openness towards future development options in the context of ICT,
and even‘black swan'type of developments in the context of the scenarios. On this basis, the project fostered so-called adaptive strategies, that is, identification disruptive strategic‘holes'for Nordic ICT development.
The Nordic ICT Foresight aimed to foster the visionary notions of‘Nordic innovation culture'and‘common strategy region'in the context of ICT applications.
This means to define a space of possibilities unfurled in the context of the core purpose.
The fundamentals and competencies need to be positioned in the context of‘mobile strategies'that enable the continuous elaboration of targets and the planning of actions.
) The analytical components that we address should be considered in the context of performing FTA (Porter 2010)
and available human knowledge of the particular innovation Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 846 Y. Guo et al. system, within the context of a more general innovation context (i e. the socioeconomic context in
Within the context of ongoing empirical analyses of nanotechnology(‘nano')R&d, we focus here on how nanomaterials are being used to enhance the performance of solar cells,
Institutional effects in Chinese context. The Journal of Technology transfer 33, no. 6: 619 30. Markard, J. 2006.
it aims to provide an overview of future impacts on our society in broader contexts. Foresight activities in Japan have changed also their objectives.
and similar strategy processes into research policy making and research infrastructure creation. 2. Lessons from earlier work The challenge of transferring foresight results into strategic planning is well known in a business context.
and B corporate dialogues initiated by businesses to communicate in the context of supplier networks and with society as a whole.
but in this paper we restrict ourselves to their discussion in the context of research policy making.
An efficient transfer of foresight results has to be secured proactively to grasp the opportunity to consciously shape future research in a competitive and dynamic environment The context is dynamic
reservations and sensitivities but need to do so without assuming these can necessarily be influenced The process of beliefs being updated that is captured by the model of Bayesian learning applies in several contexts during a strategic dialogue.
In particular, research policy makers operate in the context of political priorities and guidelines that are set at higher levels of the government institutions they work in.
and requirements of stakeholders and research areas there are recurring patterns in the context of research policy making that can be structured in a seven-step framework shown in Figure 1 and described in the following sections. 4. 1 Step 1:
Furthermore, relevant activities in the field are mapped, such as pilot projects, existing networks and stakeholders in an international context.
and international context to identify best practice and allow a better positioning in view of a competitive global environment.
but it is a first cut of describing the wide-ranging and fuzzy topic area provided by foresight results with a tight map that can be used as guide and context for the following steps. 4. 5 Step 5:
and demonstrate the power of strategic dialogues as an instrument for a broad range of subject areas in the context of national research policy making.
The resulting outline of a possible new type of innovation cluster has proved to be stable throughout further discussions in various policymaking contexts
It aims to present a recent Irish case study that identified grand challenges in the national context, with their implications for research and innovation.
However, another factor has emerged in the European context, which has had an influence on the research and innovation agenda:
context and methodology 3. 1 Introduction to the case study analysis The presentation and analysis of the case study below is based on my role as part of the research
and results described in the case study. 3. 2 Scope and context of the exercise In the second half of 2010,
‘‘Review of Global Drivers and Trends from a National Perspective in a Global context'',was a four-month exercise that sought to‘‘to develop a catalogue of global drivers and trends,
the second phase was designed to engage with key stakeholders in Ireland to explore their significance and potential implications for the national context.
6 Opportunities that this presents PAGE 32 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 1. validation of the trends/drivers in national context;
the potential impact they might have on The irish national context over the coming ten to 15 years,
and the national context could be cast as (grand challenges for Ireland, which could inform the work of the Research prioritisation Steering Group.
B the challenge has a clear Irish national context; and B the challenge has potential for a set of research implications or the potential for applications of research results.
The following structure was used to link the national context, the global drivers and the challenges:
Ireland has/is/needs (national context) but is challenged by/with/to (global drivers). How can Ireland/Can Ireland (the challenge?
from drivers and trends to grand challenges 4. 1 Catalogue of global drivers and trends from the national context The third level catalogue is a substantial volume that analyses global trends and drivers from a‘‘national
perspective in a global context''.''It contains 47‘‘fiches, ''grouped into eight themes: 1. Global governance and political economy;
The national context for each driver is developed then and a series of potential research implications added particularly responding to challenges
The results provide an interesting interpretation of grand challenges for the national context. Some of the challenges constructed through the methodology are aligned well with the larger themes discussed within Europe during recent years.
In some cases, the diagnosis of the grand challenge in The irish context was more straightforward than the construction of a set of possible responses from the research and innovation system.
The small country context was an important dimension throughout the exercise and in constructing grand challenges.
In the context of several European initiatives to promote approaches to dealing with grand challenges, this article introduces a country level case study using a foresight approach to look at the implications of global drivers and trends for Ireland,
and trends with national context and insights. The method described in this paper is but one example of how work on grand challenges could be refined
and transpose them to the national context. One potential disadvantage of the latter approach is that it may limit discussions and neglect potentially important national RTDI issues.
Part of the value of foresight in further work on RTDI policy in national contexts is to provide forward-looking assessments that are bottom-up,
and meaning of grand challenges for individual countries. 5. 1 Scale the European versus the small country context European-scale discourse can sometimes unwittingly neglect the specificities of national contexts especially the smaller country contexts.
For research and innovation policy, the implications of grand challenges may be quite different in smaller country contexts particularly those that are on the periphery of Europe.
In the context of grand challenges, there is an important, ongoing role for FTA in critically evaluating continued support for the allocation of resources within the research and innovation system,
updating the Union's approach in the context of the Lisbon strategy'',COM (2003) 112, European commission, Brussels. European commission (2004a),‘Science and technology, the key to Europe's future guidelines for future European union
The context and importance of competitive intelligence is based partly on the resource-based theory, which is one of the theories most integrated into current management thinking
The difference in technology options or prospects may be derived from the different context of energy use
Sciencedirect Technological forecasting & Social Change In this context, when analysing the potential of future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) to assist societies, decision-makers and businesses to tackle fundamental, disruptive transformations, in general,
In this context, FTA can contribute not only to the steering of innovation systems, but also to their adjustment, adaptability and ability to shape responses to fundamental changes.
which are fit for purpose and context, and which enable the building of trust through inclusiveness and transparency in processes,
their context: the issues to be tackled; the main objectives; the time horizon to be considered; the desire of their sponsors/clients;
we don't know to a sufficient extent what combination of methods/tools works best in a particular context.
disregarding the analytical tasks and the context in which these methods are applied). Also, when evaluating an FTA project,
costs and benefits of certain methods (their‘fit'to the context), on the one hand, and their actual conduct (methodological rigour, efficiency, transparency,‘fairness',representation, etc.),
a) gradual integration in contexts where convergence of QL and QT methods seems promising, (b) use of new disciplines entering FTA to exchange practices and increase synergies,(c) support of mutual understanding by clarifying strengths and weaknesses of QL and QT methods,(d) sharing
which best fit each context. Gao et al. 7 proposes an approach to enable technology managers to determine the current life cycle stage of a particular technology.
In this context, the proposed model focuses on devising and assessing patent-based TLC indicators using a Nearest Neighbour Classifier,
It is an oftenobseerve fact that technologies change their course because of (unpredictable) changes in the broader socioeconomic context (fluctuations in demand
In this context they claim that Exploratory Modelling and Analysis (EMA) is a methodology for analysing dynamic and complex systems and supporting long-term decision-making under uncertainty through computational experiments.
In this context, scenarios are seen as a tool for inspiring and orienting innovation systems. Therefore, scenarios stimulate future-oriented thinking,
In this context, Georghiou and Harper 3 provide an account of the implications for the practice of FTA in periods of instability
In this context, while there is as yet no clear methodological answer to the identification issue there has been some institutionalised responses and new organisational models of FTA,
In the context of qualitative and quantitative techniques especially the marrying of quantitative modelling and foresight seems to be unexplored rather.
Below we sketch a possible agenda to overcome the main short-term barriers regarding methods selection and misconceptions. 5. 1. 1. Methods selection The selection of methods in FTA remains largely a context-driven issue,
'and only limited attempts12 to better clarify the relation between context, content and approach of an FTA project 68 70.
thus also decreasing the risk of stakeholders dominating the FTA PROCESS. 14 The importance of this in the context of this paper lies in keeping a balance in participation of stakeholders
these methodological and evaluation guidelines should explicitly account for the wide range of context-dependent choices,
and the development of frameworks that support the selection and implementation of an appropriate combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and tools in a given context, can enhance shared knowledge,
Looking at collaboration in the wider context of collaborative governance, Ansell and Gash 76 conclude that collaboration between stakeholders tends to develop
In this context, combining methodological approaches creates opportunities to complement the weaknesses inherent to the use of one single approach with strengths of other approaches.
which tools fit best which contexts). On the other hand, the main barrier to integration appears to be the lack of communication
Most authors agree that it is impossible to define dinnovationt in a context-free manner,
if we restrict our analysis to dtechnological innovationt (our present context). I want to advance the following arguments favoring an evolutionary approach to define innovation
but by shifting the context and timing of their expression within the developmental sequence of an organism.
The same statement is true in a technological context if we substitute the words dgenetic underpinningst by building blocks T. C. Devezas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1137 1152 1143 (following John Holland's 14 original
and Analysis can be utilized successfully in the context of adaptive policy-making. The iterative approach for designing robust adaptive policies helps to identify
understanding use, impacts and the role of institutional context factors, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 76 (2009) 1198 1207.19 C. Cagnin, M. Keenan, Positioning future-oriented technology analysis, in:
and successfully employed in the context of EMA 7, 13 15. In this paper, we argue that by using models differently,
or prevent certain undesirable dynamics. 3. 2. Adaptive planning for airport development The air transport industry operates in a rapidly changing context.
In the context of this paper we used the uncertainties (Table 6) as attributes. As class we used the terminal value for the fraction of fossil fuel-based generation.
The prime example being the role of uncertainty in relation to models used in the context of climate change debates.
Reflexive inquiry Innovation Scenario practice Grand challenges 1. Introduction In the context of this paper, future scenarios can be seen as narratives set in the future to explore how the society would change
However, the explicit and direct uses of scenarios in predefined decision-making contexts are just part of a broader social process 5. Also important indirect and diffuse links exist between developing
and analyzed in their context as part of the Cost Action A22 network. 1 In doing so,
In the context of this paper, we will argue that this process of reflexive inquiry will provide the basis for creating new insights
The generic methodological requirement from this perspective is an explicit account of the construction of time within the context of the study at hand.
Using inspirational scenarios (in this context, one could label them as simple in form but representing extreme uncertainties) can contribute strongly to triggering feelings of surprise and discovery.
Particular choices and uses of techniques will be influenced by the context in which applications are made. Contextual features will include, among other things, the morphology or physiology of the domain, the purpose and theoretical premises of the study,
Based on our reflexive inquiry used to analyze scenario exercises in their context we can then attribute the most characteristic mode of thinking. 4 Innovation is not only about invention, creation,
In the context of the US Nanotechnology Initiative, four generations of products were envisioned: the first generation includes passive nanostructures (nanoparticles,
a nano-specific organizational context was established not that could serve as an umbrella organization to promote cooperation among agencies
to avoid the exclusive interpretation of weak signals only in the context of the existing structures.
Both interviews and survey were referring directly to the weak signals without introducing any assumptions on the socioeconomic context or causalities among the respective developments.
As noted in the context of previous FTA conferences 8 the term‘future-oriented technology analysis'seeks to apply a wider collective identity around several strategic intelligence activities including technology foresight, forecasting, intelligence, roadmapping, assessment and modelling but faces a reality where the community regards FTA as the name
Articulation is of course within the context of a defined phenomenon which is analysed then typically through scenario approaches.
and topics, hailing from many different contexts and academic disciplines. The selection of papers presented in this Special issue all share the aim of enhancing the usefulness of FTA
a) One set seeks to understand the context in which FTA is used currently, on the grounds that such understanding might help to improve the impact of fta through better design.
Towards this end the authors advocate FTA designs that are tailored better to the context. Both papers unpack the widely accepted notion that‘‘context matters''by exploring more deeply
what are the relevant context-dimensions to be considered when tailoring FTA PROCESSES. Dannemand Andersen and Baungaard Rasmussen delve into the national policy context for FTA by drawing on insights from sociology and anthropology.
The paper stresses national governance culture as the most decisive contextual element to be taken into account in the design of policy oriented national FTAS.
Inspired by the classical work of the Dutch psychologist and anthropologist Geert Hofstede they identify power-distance
and Ko nno la, can also be allocated to category (a). This paper suggests that endogenous improvement to FTA PROCESSES is about tailoring Foresight design to the specific applied context.
On the one hand the authors explore the use of FTA in the context innovation networks and innovation management.
Given this murky context for structuring conversations and research agendas it is little wonder that at times the foresight community expressed concerns,
and Foresight practitioners to ongoing demands for studies that address our continuously changing complex emergent context.
Indeed it is this paradoxical‘‘short-termism''of FTA its capacity to meet pressing needs that may be most symptomatic of a context that is rich not only on the practical side but also the theoretical.
Context matters. The fact that context matters leads to the other issue that this paper originates from
namely, the context to which foresight processes are to be adapted. In a discussion of the use of the concept of systems thinking in foresight, Saritas distinguishes between external and internal context 6. The external context is the set of STEEPV factors (Social, Technological, Economical, Environment, Political
and Values) that affect the content of a foresight exercise. The internal context relates to the structures and behaviours of the organisation or system in
which a foresight exercise is organised and carried out. This organisation or system includes all parties and institutions (e g. administrative system and political system) that are involved in the performance of a foresight process and implementation of the results.
This paper focuses on internal context. There is no doubt that each foresight exercise must be adapted narrowly to its actual context.
Nevertheless, both practitioners who are carrying out foresight processes and academics who are studying foresight processes need to simplify Futures 59 (2014) 5 17 A r T I C L E I N F O Article history:
Available online 22 january 2014 Keywords: Foresight Governance National culture Policy making A b s T R A c T This paper addresses the influence of national traditions, styles or culture on the use of foresight in decision-making processes.
power distance and uncertainty avoidance, are useful in the characterisation of the context in which national foresight exercises are carried out.
All rights reserved. the real world through different characterisations and typologies of both foresight projects and their contexts.
The literature has suggested several simplified contexts for foresight. Some of the literature has suggested that a decisive context for national foresight exercises relates to the size of the country.
The seminal book Foresight in Science by Irvine and Martin analysed processes in France, West germany, the United states and Japan
The chapters in the handbook explicitly consider the variety of approaches and contexts within each region,
The decisive context in Keenan and Popper's work is differences in political tradition: established democracies (as found in Northwest Europe and North america),
and national governance culture as decisive contexts for analysing and using foresight in policy-making. The paper argues that this concept provides a more useful approach to the decisive context of foresight than the size or regional affiliation of a country.
Hence, the aim of this paper is to contribute, in general, to the discussion of national (or political, governing,
and discussed. 2. National traditions and governance culture as context for foresight In this section, we introduce a conceptual framework of national traditions
Organisational culture is shared the perception of daily practices within a specific organisational context 13,15. In contrast, national culture relates to people who are within a certain national context.
P. D. Andersen, L. B. Rasmussen/Futures 59 (2014) 5 17 6 One of the most comprehensive and acknowledged studies of national styles in management, decision making
and acting within a national context. However, according to Hofstede, organisational behaviour is supposed only to have a small impact on national culture. 2. 2. Hofstede's dimensions of national culture Hofstede takes a bipolar and multidimensional approach to the measurement of national culture.
In their context, the term‘‘regional''refers to geographical clusters of countries 11. Countries are clustered into 6 regions:
political and sociocultural contexts that might differ from region to region. Keenan and Popper focus on foresight as a political instrument,
sociocultural traditions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance than foresight traditions in neighbouring countries. 3. The Danish context in relation to foresight The intention of this section is to sketch elements of Danish‘‘style
and cultural context of governmental foresight and long range planning As history and cultural context are important,
Thus, in Danish political contexts, participatory and consensus elements have, most likely, more appeal to policy makers than systematic and analytical elements.
But this context has changed during the recent decade. Based on the Danish Globalisation Strategy from 2005, public expenditures on R&d have increased.
this context has changed during recent decades with increased national R&d budgets and the establishment of a strategic research council.
This changing context has created a need for foresight understood to be political priority-setting for strategic research. 3. 2. Danish experiments with technology foresight In a green paper from 1995,
This implementation came in the form of political negotiations in the context of the budget bill for 2009,2010 and 2011.
That Research2015's effect on the fiscal act can be verified may be unique in an international context.
In the Danish context a good decision is a decision on which everybody (or at least the key stakeholders) agrees.
Context matters. Instead of using country size or a country's regional affiliation (such as Western europe or Asia),
we have argued that national governance culture is a more decisive context for analysing and using foresight in policy making.
due to a low degree of power distance and uncertainty avoidance as well as an approach that combines market and non-market coordination mechanisms, cannot be emulated directly in countries that have a very different cultural context.
and reflects the practice of foresight in different contexts. We have shown an improved framework for comparing
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011