| Body (92) |  |
| Regulatory bodies (16) | |
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This holds for private firms as well as for government bodies. On the other hand, these debates are essential for consolidating forward-looking insights and making them effective in policy-making.
which may cause challenges for the regulatory framework and the regulatory bodies. Second, survey approaches are displayed which enable regulatory bodies to identify future needs for regulations.
Finally the usability of the Delphi methodology is discussed and results of a Delphi survey in the telecommunication area are presented.
It introduces, among other things, a clear separation of responsibilities between the EC legislator and the European standards bodies CEN,
The European standards bodies have the task of drawing up the corresponding technical specifications meeting the essential requirements of the directives, compliance with
which was identified as a necessary instrument for policy-makers, especially regulatory bodies, also in order to foster the development of new markets by Blind et al. 8. Besides the tradition in regulatory impact assessment,
Regulatory foresight in our perception is an instrument for regulatory bodies to identify future challenges for their regulatory regimes in advance
regulatory foresight in the narrow sense triggered by regulatory bodies is still the exception and often part of larger foresight exercises driven by stakeholders of science and technology policies.
One rather new indicator 21 are released technical standards by formal standardisation bodies. Since standardisation is a kind of industry self regulation,
Blind 25 shows, based on international and inter-sectoral cross-section data, that the output of formal standardisation bodies can be explained significantly by the patent applications as a reliable indicator for the dynamics in the respective technologies.
Most efficient are assessed the requirement to use plain language when drafting regulations, the harmonisation and coordinnatio of the regulatory policies of different regulation bodies, the instalment of One-Stop Shops responsible for all regulation
and marketing issues, have to be involved as well as those ministries responsible for general regulatory issues and the officers in regulatory bodies taking care of the implementation of regulations.
and a need to look for further methodological improvements towards regulatory foresights focusing on future strategies and actions concerning regulation and the special needs of regulatory bodies.
) and future time horizon 513 K. Blind/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516 representatives of public organisations and regulatory bodies,
but also members of public organisations, e g. regulatory bodies, have to be addressed. This much more complex community of experts is also a challenge for designing the Delphi survey questionnaire.
because regulatory bodies have in general no experiences with foresight activities and a long-lasting process of convincing stakeholders about the need and effectiveness of such approaches are required.
and stakeholders, like regulatory bodies. A first approach was launched in Germany by a study to identify future themes for standardisation based on the negative experiences in the case of nanotechnology,
Tools for assessment/alignment have been discussed in bodies of literatures as diverse and heterogeneous as: strategic management of S&t;
In the recruitment phase, the decision makers commission supported by the process facilitators a core team of approximately half a dozen representatives from the political decision making bodies
and weaknesses of the prevailing technical and organizational setup to address claims from customers, public, regulatory bodies and the affected environment 62.
As members from the decision making body have participated in the core team a proper transmission of the facts and arguments gathered throughout the RIF process should be guaranteed 7. 4. Case study Kiesental In the following section,
consulting engineers and regional and national regulatory bodies. The highly localized and fragmented character of this organizational structure is illustrated by the fact that each of the 2500 communities runs their sewer systems
The core team encompassed two representatives from the regional development association, one from each of the regional sanitation associations, plus one representative from the regulatory body of the cantonal water protection agency.
The affiliations of the core team members in the decision making bodies guaranteed the persistence of the argumentative structure in later stages of the planning process.
In the future, the mechanisms of ageing on the molecular level of the whole body and specially the brain will deliver new insights for cognition, emotions and psychomotoric or other concepts.
technological innovations that are linked directly to human beings (inside and outside of the body) need new technologies on the one hand,
international organisations, private sector, public advisory bodies and research organisations as well as a couple of policy-makers to discuss current practice, success factors,
Because of their overt techno-economic purpose Foresight has relied on the opinions of a relatively narrow body of technologically oriented people.
and workshops on the nano governance issue. 9 For example the nanoelectronics industry coordination efforts described in 34 which would lie in the coordinating bodies box of the IC+diagram.
and the role of technology platforms which came about through institutional entrepreneurship between the framing conditions, the bubbles and the coordinating bodies. 1227 D. K. R. Robinson/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1222
Although not an official body, the Nanodiablog community is deemed a high quality indicator of the populace (in any case the populace who takes an interest) and principles such as precaution, inclusiveness (transparency), integrity (protection for whistle blowers), ongoing
Delft University (NL) on multilevel analysis of body area networks (to be published in 2010). Also the multilevel approach similar to 2 was used in one of the Frontiers Constructive TA exercises on the drug delivery sector,
6. 1. Sense-making and the construction of political ownership As the main S&t policy body in Luxembourg,
The internal decision bodies of the FNR were satisfied quite with the results presented at the end of the exercise
As such bodies tend to perform important governance functions they can be considered to be part of the organisation. 5. The following groupings were used:
Austria has accomplished major structural reforms, affecting universities as well as research funding bodies, many of which are located in Vienna.
With the regional research and innovation policy bodies being still in a process of emergence, several Viennese organisations were not able to tell with whom they would cooperate on joint actions.
but in producing perceptions and insights to that body of knowledge and‘imagineering'novel ways of addressing city sustainability'(Ratcliffe, Krawczyk,
and R&d managers to gain a global perspective on entire bodies of research. That can help position research programs
In the first place the bipolar dimension of convergence/divergence should be substituted by a notion of pattern of growth that encompasses additional archetypes of transformations of‘‘bodies of knowledge''merging, death, birth...
and technology development projects in Nanoelectronics, the nano JTI associates public bodies and funds (the European commission, Member States and Associated States) and private bodies funds through AENAS.
very often used by funding bodies, is to‘‘topsliice'a proportion of resources from competing recipients
and funding bodies a client body builds up around particular themes and these constituencies then form powerful lobbies for continuing support.
both for the quality of results and to convince the regulatory bodies and other stakeholders of their utility.
The Executive Committee was also set up with 5 subcommittees that are the core body in developing NTRM.
The latter, for instance, extend well beyond the‘‘usual suspects''of R&d-performing firms and public bodies,
and what degree of plausibility should be accorded the body of forecasts and associated assumptions and conclusions that they typically come packaged with.
These bodies set up an independent working group, involving nanoscience and engineering, social science, ethics, consumer protection and environmental interests.
Standards were traditionally set by public bodies. More recently, industry and retailers in some countries have taken independent initiatives to develop standards and health related schemes.
The majority of respondents engaged in Foresight activity 5 10 years as expected a quite experienced group of professionals (Fig. 2). The survey respondents were mainly from Academia and Governmental bodies (Fig. 3). 3. 2. 2
Axelrod and Cohen (2001) A complex system is a body of causal processes and agents whose interactions lead to outcomes that are unpredictable.
As a matter of fact, in the last few years territorial foresight has gathered increasing attention from various European public bodies.
Finally, the European foresight Platform, another European commission funded body, has made an intense effort to compile several regional foresight exercises within its Knowledge sharing Platform (European foresight Platform, 2011.
and consulted by public bodies. In this scenario, the governance model is managed by a strong centralised power base (probably the State) that makes major decisions regarding the pattern of urban development to be implemented by regional and local authorities.
and public bodies to internalise their environmental costs. 4. 3 Step 3: determining parametric implications Once functional implications have been determined, a set of parametric indicators related to standard sustainability issues (Kates et al.
so as to promote the SD concept amongst citizens, economic agents and public bodies. Whichever scenario materialises in the near future, the sustainability paradigm in Spain will be achieved,
what this body of literature has to offer for foresight. This article investigated the lessons of the sociology of expectations for the various practices of foresight.
According to the organisation theory, the task environment has been defined initially to include the sectors of competitors, suppliers, customers, and regulatory bodies.
Cross-case analysis and theory triangulation with different bodies of literatuur on environmental uncertainty, foresight,
He has been a consultant for large firms and governmental bodies in Italy and abroad in several foresight projects.
A careful choice of individuals to participate in the dialogue in the first place is beneficial A recurring example of the application of the RAP is the involvement of representatives of trade bodies in strategic dialogues.
The process should be constructed to make maximum use of the concentration of knowledge about one particular industry that such a trade body representative has.
However, the process also needs to take into account that trade body representatives have tied their hands in terms of changing their viewpoint during a dialogue
since they are answerable to the members of the trade body Bayesian learning This model describes the beliefs an individual has about the world
This information is not always readily available given the wide range of possible funding bodies as well as the fact that the subject of the strategic dialogue is likely to be novel
Forfa's, the national policy advisory body for enterprise and science in the Republic of ireland, undertook an exercise to assess the implications of global drivers
and they need to tap into uncoordinated and dispersed bodies of knowledge. Policy-and other decision-makers should
like the growth of organisms (measured by the body mass), the growth of a population of yeast cells (in an appropriate nutritive solution), the growth of a population of Drosophila melanogaster,
See that in the first case (growth of a body mass) one is measuring indirectly the cumulative growth of a population of cells,
When discussing on the previous points I have pointed already out some features that have not been accounted yet for in the body of existing work on technological evolution.
or logistic growth followed by logistic decline Wide body vs. narrow body aircraft mix Change in aircraft mix,
which are built upon yet uncoordinated and dispersed bodies of knowledge. Due to the social dynamics of innovation, new socio-technical subsystems are emerging,
which are built upon as yet uncoordinated and dispersed bodies of knowledge. It has been documented well that the innovation process is interactive including a multitude of short-term and long-term feedback loops between the different stages of the innovation process 15,24.
This started in 1998 when the National science and Technology Council (NSTC), the principal executive body responsible for coordinating science and technology policy,
The pluralistic nature of the US R&d system, the diverse, dynamic nature of US national political bodies and the limitations of US foresight history makes centralized goal-setting across many
a women's association and a medical practitioners'organization, trade unions, churches, academia, industry and government bodies (such as federal ministries and agencies as well as ministries on the regional and state level) discussed their positions 51.
While early FTA involved experts almost exclusively fromscience and industry and governmental bodies, current future-oriented activities involve at least in the US experts from social science and humanities.
and the establishment by the European commission of a new advisory body, the European Forum for Forward Looking Activities (EFFLA) which includes in its remit the identification of challenges
but is more interesting in that it is a new kind of intermediary body that seeks to select from
Empirically, this section is based on publicly available reports and internet information from relevant governmental bodies (ministries and agencies.
thus enabling results to be adapted to different policy making bodies or organisations 23. Such flexibility can also serve diverse users of foresight results,
It developed a fruitful collaboration between public bodies policy makers and companies. The devised Joint Vision and roadmaps,
The view of the author is that Regulatory foresight is an instrument for regulatory bodies to identify, in advance, future challenges for their regulatory regimes,
and citizens'representatives was converted not directly into input for policy design due to the fact that such decisions required the acceptance of governmental bodies.
N 2004, THE ERA NET FORSOCIETY1 began its mission to develop sustainable cooperation between national foresight programming bodies in 15 European countries.
which combined the foresight activities of at least 3 5 of the foresight programming bodies. To achieve this a pilot project
The word scanning usually refers to a repeated and systematic observation of a space or a body,
and France) Scans that were initiated by public bodies and government were carried usually out by special units and/or councils and agencies.
technology and innovation priorities Creating a language and body of practice for thinking about the future A source of inspiration for policy system actors More comprehensive,
or decentrallized (e g. within a specific ministry or done individually in each agency with no central suppoor or supported by some central foresight body or outside research institute or both) In your opinion, has done your country anything unique that is making foresight work in your conteex
stic system for sample delivery Research on personal diagnostic devices Need to solve problem of benefit sharing Research on field diagnostic devices New light source for internal body
and by APEC itself as a coordinating body to ensure that the region is prepared adequately for the outbreaks of EID that will inevitably occur in the future.
The diversity of communication channels and the need for effective coordination between these three different levels emphasizes the importance of setting up a well-structured governance body for the whole exercise.
The Political Consultation Conference is a political body in the Chinese political system. Its members are well-known scientists
and intermeddiar bodies, such as industry associations and private consultants. In many innovation systems, such organisations are
and bodies of the instruments to be created. For instance the identification of suitable actors to engage can take place by mapping stakeholders based on certain criteria and paying attention to relevant gaps or stakeholders which,
and bodies Capacity building role of FTA supports teams of diverse actors to engage and join forces for designing common desirable futures Orienting European innovation systems. 149 contributions these would make to various innovation system functions. 7. Conclusions This paper has outlined the contours of an emerging mission-led approach to innovation policy that is more global
As a consequence, the absorptive capacity in decision-making bodies needs to be enhanced, calling for a change in organisational culture.
ICSU is a non-governmental organisation with a global membership of national scientific bodies Science and Public policy 39 (2012) pp. 166 177 doi:
a number of interdisciplinary bodies have been created, addressing various themes, including: global environmental change; hazards and disasters;
There are also a number of inter-governmental bodies based at the regional level that are working on international science issues.
Gather perspectiive on the key drivers influencing international science in the next 20 years (from individuals in ICSU's membership, bodies,
a web consultation of ICSU members, bodies, partners, and early career scientiist (who had participated previously in a meeting marking ICSU's 75th anniversary in 2006);
OA policies from national funding bodies, universities and research centers; references to OA in grant agreements) Problems of oversight related to research integrity Evaluation Evaluation of transnational programme refers to appropriateness, effectiveness and efficiency in execution of entire programme and its parts
T. Ko nno la and K. Haegeman bodies, as well as the behaviour of sub-national levels of government, are mutually reinforcing and coherent with overall policy commitments.
and also a body of additional signals that are considered to be indicative of the start or development of their emergence.
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