of a dynamic network interact in a specific economic or industrial arena which is under specific institutional infrastrucctures The interactions of the actors in the network are both market and non-market.
The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology, pp. 20 42. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Cai, H.-Q. 2007) The King of watermelon:
Freeman, C. 1987) Technology policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. Pinter: London. Giesecke, S. 2000)‘ The contrasting roles of government in the development of biotechnology industry in the US and Germany',Research policy, 29: 205 23.
The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology, p. 319. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Lee, S.-J. and Hua, J. 2004)‘ The economic evaluation of the food industry using biotechnology'(.
'Taipeij: Food Industry Research and development Institute. Lin, J.-Y. 1995)‘ The experiments and research of Taiwan's Agriculture Experiment Station within recent one hundred years'(.
The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology, pp. 99 134. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Science and Technology research and Information Center (2005)‘ Strategic planning on the development of Taiwan agricultural biotechnology industry'(.
responsible (going beyond profit and economic competitiveness to safeguard social and environmennta goals), and social (for the public good) innovation (Depledge et al. 2010).
In the same vein, three PPPS were established under the European Economic Recovery Plan to help industries that were hit severely by the economic recession (Factories of the Future, Energy efficient Buildings and Green Cars.
Bach, L. and Matt, M. 2005)‘ From economic foundations to S&t policy tools: A comparative analysis of the dominant paradigms'.
2010)‘ Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social, Committee and the Committee of the Regions, Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union',SEC (2010) 1161
The need to transform current systems is heightened by emerging global trends, in particular democratic crises in many societies worldwide, the growing political and economic power of Brazil, Russia, India and China,
Economic challenges correspoon to the agenda set out by the Aho Group (European commission 2006) and call for a combination of supply-side
high-impact issues that challenge societal and economic health. Recognised grand challenge areas are‘grand'in the sense that they are instantly recognisable as representing a major aspect of human
Thirdly, two types of transformation can come into effect by design where change processes are planned and implemented, for example economic structural transformation or social change.
economic and political to social (pervasive and quick to diffuse with longer term effects emerging over time)
Driven by the need to explore certain technological, economic or societal developments of major concern to decision-makers,
systemic and structural transformation of organisations'premises and practices, with the ultimate goal of handling current and future technological, economic and societal challenges in line with the goals defined by the organisation.
and constraints imposed by novel developments such as the current economic and financial crisis. However, the coordination mode of governance that seems to be on rise in Europe see for instance the debates on European Innovation Partnerships
As long as it is possible to anticipate the causes of any economic social or environmental crisis, society is in a position to address them beforehand,
Emerging shortages of food, water and other resources, due to demographic trends and human activities, will have far reaching economic and social consequences,
The purpose of its current foresight exercise is to explore the potential development of international science over the next two decades in a changing economic, social, political and environmental context.
Whilst such regional actions are dictated frequently by economic interests, they can have a considerable impact on the funding
This is a particular challenge in times of economic constraint where countries look to science to address their immediate needs for national growth.
Thirdly, the literature on technological systems places the emphasis on networks of agents in a specific economic or industrial sector and the particular institutional infrastructure involved in the generaatio and diffusion of technology (Carlsson and Stankiewicz 1991.
Social and economic costs created by emissiion and pollution are not always easy to allocate to those who generate them.
Altogether nine economic sectors were analysed and roadmapped in the project. In Fig. 3 we illustrate the outlines of the green and intelligent buildings roadmap in the Victoria Technology roadmap project.
Optimizing systems Increasing awareness of global consequences of climate change Economic recession Emission trading starts to have effect on companies Rising living standards in BRIC countries Green values:
Economic incentives Increasing prices of energy and raw materials No regulation or economic incentives governmental activities do not encourage the utilization of sustainable ICTS Systemic issues:
accessible and economical energy generation (using renewablles) distribution and consumption both in households and business/industry.
The second is the economic recession. Recession is empathetically a double-edged phenomenon: it can be a driver for environmental solutions by focusing on issues such as the reduction of materials
Furthermore, basic demand-side policies, like public procureement can be utilized in the context of green ICT as well as economic incentives. 5. 3. 3 Sectoral development.
and exploit synergy in an urbanised Europe, from an economic, social, environmental and transport-related perspective, leading to a
For an analysis of the link between innovation strategies and economic performance, see Dahlman (2008. 4. The four steps used by ERA NET (European research area-NET) are:.
Department Economic and Scientific Policy, European parliament (IP/A/ITRE/FWC/2006-87/LOT3/C1. Strasbourg:
the vast majority of people appear to be vulnerable to social and economic instability and hostility due to the economic recession, lack of fresh water, shortages of food and energy, climate change, regional conflicts,
The main focus of this activity has been to address new and emerging technological areas that may have an impact on social, economic,
even though economic models completely failed to forecast the financial crisis of 2007 8, even in the shortest term.
policy-makers downgraded the importance of the specific issue by maintaiinin their faith in the reassuring messages from the economic planning agencies (van Rij 2010b).
JRC-IPTS and BEPA refined these areas through close interaction to accommodate a more comprehensive analysis across all economic sectors and responsibilities of BEPA.
between the current methods of production, consumption and the future availability of nonreneewabl resources. between a general and simultaneous process of increasing economic interdependence and differentiation. between spatial proximity in the context of accelerated urbanisation
2011)‘ Communication from the Commission to the European parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee fo the Regions'.
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