with special attention to the experiences in devising a TDS model and conducting a forecasting workshop.
B The potential lack of experience amongst stakeholders in dealing with other parties who have a different background
This article presents some recent experience of how national research and innovation systems use futures to construct responses (such as new investment priorities) to emerging global challenges and opportunities.
The research implications developed were based on the consultants'experience in research prioritisation exercises, international comparators and the inputs from the Roundtables. 4. 2 Participants'views of global drivers and trends:
Experiences in Britain, Australia and New zealand'',Technological forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 60 No. 1, pp. 37-54.
on the basis of this experience, it is suggested that a widespread national Delphi survey for the identification of science
1995), Norway (Nordic Innovation Centre, 2007), Canada (National research council Canada, 2005) and other developed countries have accumulated significant experience with such projects.
Creating spaces for dialogue between key players from different domains, with diverging views and experiences. Vision-building and consensus-building for considering
the number, experience, analytical and methodological skills and value system of their participants; the level of socioeconomic development of the country (ies), region (s), sector (s) or city (ies) in which they are conducted;
and that ensures the organisational continuity to use the experience and knowledge gained in distributed FTA ACTIVITIES.
Schirrmeister and Warnke 14 contribute towards building foresight capacities for systemic and structural transformations by sharing their experience on a project that explores future innovation patterns.
or allow expression of different facets of knowledge or experience 2, or even tap different domains of knowing 8. A detailed discussion on the reasons for applying a combination of methods in social sciences goes beyond the scope of this paper,
The experience of the European foresight Platform (www. foresight-platform. eu) could provide some relevant inputs towards this endeavour.
Much can also be learnt from the experience that the field of foresight has developed in dialogue and communication in support of building trust amongst stakeholders.
recent experiences and future perspectives, Res. Eval. 19 (2)( 2010) 91 104.18 FTA Scientific Committee, Call for papers, in:
it becomes necessary to draw upon social experiences to provide the necessary analogies 4. This is the case in cellular and molecular biology,
with the aim of promoting continual learning and adaptation in response to experience over time 26.
learning from experience and better articulating our underlying theoretical premises. The outcomes of this inquiry are presented in Section 4 including also implications for practitioners by elaborating elements of good practices and areas of improvement.
and talk about our experience. We therefore cannot ignore the situated nature of that experience and the cultural, historical,
and linguistic traditions that permeate our work 27. This means that practice, such as scenario practice, is rooted in a particular moment and place.
and to learn from experience. It is accepted widely that a vision about the future is an essential element of a strategy 16,17.
Malta's eforesee Experience, in: K. Borch, S m. Dingli, M. S. Jorgensen (Eds. Exploring the future, The role of interaction in foresight, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, in press. 12.
Both concepts rely on experiences derived from participatory activities. The vision report states that during the next decade
and that ensures the organizational continuity to use the experience and knowledge gained in distributed FTA ACTIVITIES.
Experiences from a foresight project exploring future innovation patterns (www. innovation-futures. org) are discussed. Four specific features were applied
and the visual experience (Fig. 4). Participants expressed their appreciation of the visualisation not only explicitly in the interviews but also in the written feedback included in the survey.
Horizon scanning experiences are converging on the need for holistic rather than atomistic information. There is a need to assembling plausible narratives,
and effect and in seeking enough continuity to create the opportunity to apply lessons from previous experiences.
if presentations and debates at FTA contribute to a deeper understanding of far-flung experiences and research or,
and (c) Danish experiences with technology foresight. Empirically, this section is based on publicly available reports and internet information from relevant governmental bodies (ministries and agencies.
First, during the 1970s, Denmark had some rather negative experiences with prospective planning. In two prospective plans (Perspektivplan I and II) from 1971 and 1974, the government analysed social trends and developments 15 and 20 years ahead for the public and private sectors, respectively.
The council also recommended that the ministry assessed international experiences in this area and refer to foresight programmes in the UK,
and workshops, provides an obvious opportunity to create a synergy effect due to the creative processes that are shaped by bringing together experiences and ideas from many different interest domains.
when transferring experiences between countries and even more careful when planning cross-national foresight exercises. Even between culturally neighbouring countries, such as Denmark and Sweden, large differences exist in governance culture,
recent experiences and future perspectives, Research Evaluation 19 june (2))(2010) 91 104.4 M. Keenan, R. Barre',C. Cagnin, Future-oriented technology analysis:
and experiences of local and national Dutch policymakker in applying foresight methods within the context of strategic policy processes.
whether these theoretical assumptions correspond to the experiences of policy-makers in their everyday practice. According to a recent study by the European Environmental Agency 6, there is insufficient empirical evidence of the added value of scenario analysis in general,
We draw a distinction between experiences at a local and at a national level (within the same country),
The aim is to increase insight into topics such as the level of acquaintance and experience with scenario analysis methods in strategic policy-making,
and data sources We compared experiences at the local level with experiences at the national level.
Each case involved experiences with the application of scenario analysis methods at a regional and/or local policy level (including municipalities and regional authorities.
most significantly because of differences in the level of experience with foresight methods. At the local level, there is less experience with foresight methods:
thinking in terms of alternative futures and taking longer-run uncertainties into account is a rather new area of expertise that is still not broadly incorporated into the workings and cultures of local policy organisations.
At the national level, there is more experience, as a result of which foresight studies are incorporated to a greater extent in daily routines
The lack of experience at the local level can be related to some of the barriers mentioned above.
when there is more experience, the future-oriented way of thinking and acting has been embedded on a wider scale at the different levels mentioned above.
and management of global foresight exercises building on the experience of designing and managing the Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) 2020 project.
Section 4 outlines the lessons learned from the authors'experiences in designing and managing the IMS 2020 project.
and our experiences with a global foresight exercise that is described in Section 3. The four principles are:
Hence, the further development of transnational research and innovation collaboration benefits from experiences with the vertical coordination of multilayered research and innovation systems.
The mapping results were brought together with partners'and stakeholders'experience, and shared in internal workshops
Building on this experience we conclude that online working tools offer major support for efficient and participatory management of global foresight.
experiences from the preparation of an international research programme, Technological forecasting and Social Change 75 (2008) 483 495.30 D. White, J. Fortune, Current practice in project management an empirical
Two empirical case studies on future TV experiences for/by users Katrien De Moor a b, 1,,
Innovation Foresight User involvement User practices Future TV experiences Interaction A b s T R A c T This paper discusses the need for a shift towards more Foresight-based inclusive innovation processes
This paper discusses two empirical studies that closely involved users in the exploration, imagination and creation of future TV experiences.
which focused on‘Future TV experiences, 'consisted of a multi-method research approach in three phases,
imagination and creation of (future) TV experiences are presented in Section 3. Study 1 focused on the identification of unfulfilled needs and possible Lead User ideas related to interactive digital TV;
Study 2 investigated‘Future TV experiences'.'A multi-method approach was used to stimulate users'imaginative potential.
Finally, Section 4 discusses a number of experiences and conclusions from the empirical studies in the light of the proposed shift towards more Innovation Foresight-based inclusive innovation processes. 2. Towards Innovation Foresight (IF?
but are engaged actively in the process and share their‘future'experiences and aspirations in an interactive and iterative way.
We now zoom in on two empirical studies in which current users have been involved closely in the exploration, imagination and creation of (future) TV experiences.
future TV experiences Study 2 was set up in collaboration with a‘Philips Consumer Lifestyle'group2 and explicitly focused on‘Future connected TV experiences'.
'Current and prospective users (i e.,, TV viewers) were involved actively. Television is one of the most widely adopted and domesticated media,
immersive 3d TV experiences), ubiquitous TV experiences via mobile devices, advanced possibilities for on demand viewing, etc.
In this study, we therefore involved different types of users in an inclusive process to reflect on possible, probable and/or preferable‘TV experiences of the future (initial time horizon:
this process helps to take the real user's life, thoughts and experiences into account,
imagine and create‘future TV experience'-scenarios. The probe consisted of seven small assignments/questions, one for each day in a week.
On the 7th and last day, the participants sent a postcard to the future describing their ideal future TV experience
and context. 3. 2. 2. Results 3. 2. 2. 1. Phase 1. The main aspects and trends mentioned by the experts in phase 1 in their vision on future TV experiences
which even more immersive TV experiences will be created by adding additional sensory effects to television viewing and the TV SET of the future.
thus enabling increasingly mobile and ubiquitous TV experiences. Portable devices such as smartphones and tablets are seen as‘companions'for the user representing not only an additional screen,
and video-chat during watching (co-experience tools), for sharing and exchanging media content through connected TV platforms, for convergence with social platforms and gaming.
and experiences (but still using them as a reference point). In general, the exercise showed that user-friendliness
and simplicity should still be key in the development of future TV experiences. This was the case for all 6 personas, both the positive and the negative personas.
For the internet and connected TV personas finally, the biggest difference that was found between the positive and negative persona was that the former is ready and eager to experience future TV now and that the latter emphasises the importance of gradual change
In general, 4-dimensional television features that enrich traditional TV watching with additional sensual experiences (e g.
scents) were seen as a way to strengthen the emotional and immersive character of viewing experiences.
The third key aspect in our personas'expectations and visualisations of future TV experiences referred to the social character of the medium:
and co-experiences (as opposed to future TV a personalised and individual). This idea of shared TV was evaluated not as very innovative,
In both studies, information and intelligence concerning real experiences, practices and visions from a user perspective served as starting points.
and to empower them to reflect on possible and preferable future developments in the context of TV experiences.
and needs with regard to future TV experiences, implying that it is insufficient to only rely on expert users.
which experience and (tacit and explicit knowledge is embedded in a business set of routines. 3 6. Strategic budget:
and experiences as well as obtain consensus on the changes needed in their existing BSC, i e. formalised in this way a‘‘contract''to implement a new management model.
common sense and past experiences. 3. 2. 2. Description The second case aimed at verifying if the social responsibility indicators used by a higher education institution were aligned sufficiently to its strategic objectives.
in order to bring new experiences and external knowledge into the company. Among other things it led to the insight that significantly different characteristics are attributed to the brand than expected.
and drawing research attention toward activities within these fields Program 3. 2 Experience and living labs Let researchers
Activity Initiator role Strategist role Opponent role Scope 3. 1 Action lines (&) & Closed network 3. 2 Experience and living labs & (&) Open
Impacts and implications of future-oriented technology analysis for policy and decision-making Karel Haegeman, Jennifer C Harper and Ron Johnston Experiences of recent years place a premium, for governments and individuals,
by combining the experiences and data of three governmental horizon Table 2. FTA scores for modelling and horizon scanning FTA score for modelling FTA score for horizon scanning Characteristic Score Comment Characteristic
This paper makes a detailed comparison of the experiences of three countries, 3 and discusses amongst other topics the usefulness of horizon scanning as an additional tool to set the agenda for more specifically focused foresiigh activities and other future-oriented technology analysis (FTA TOOLS.
and the exchange of experience and know-how would be useful in strengthening the national scans
exchange experiences and know-how on horizon scanning at the national level; compare basic data (lists of issues
Exchange of experiences, know-how and comparison methods Descriptions of horizon scanning processes in a number of countries were collected
Further development of the joint horizon scan On the basis of the experience of the pilot joint horizzo scan and discussions within the established netwoor of interested organisations and interviews with representatives of different directorates of the EC, a proposal
The function of this network will be the exchange of experience and know-how, but also to combine
our experience shows that results from RT Delphis tend to be robust. Theses were developed in a rather conventional way using a mixture of analytical desk research
He has had over 25 years of experience of federal government policy technology and innovation program development.
and emerging drivers of change Builds trust and shared basis of experience between system actors Detect
and experiences Highlighting the need for systemic approaches to both policy making and innovation Stimulation of others to conduct their own foresight exercise after being inspired Accumulation of relevant experience in how to think about the future
There is no experience or history of treating this disease in Miami so disease spreads. Some deaths occur.
no need to refrigerate Long shelf life Rapid test Gives result rapidly Easy to use in the field Small sample consumption Reliability Individual Information for decision at national level Sharing intellectual property and experience
Drawing on our own experiences in the Interdisciplinary research On Mobile Applications and Services (ROMAS) project,
and experiences that fit their persoona and situational needs. Consequently, a clear insight into users'needs and experiences has becoom indispensable (De Marez and Verleye
2004; Veryzer and Borja de Mozota, 2005. T Katrien De Moor (corresponding author), Katrien Berte and Lieven De Marez are at MICT-IBBT, Department of Communicattio Sciences, University of Ghent, Korte Meer
As a complement to the literature, we draw on our own experiences in the ROMAS project,
interdisciplinary research on quality of experience (Qoe) and quality of service (Qos) in mobile media environments, evaluation of user-and futureorieente innovation techniques in the ICT domain,
2) emphasiiz the importance of users'expectations and experiences: Qoe is how the user feels about how an applicattio
insigght into users'experiences and expectations (e g. in a particular context or for a certain application) are shared often not in an interdisciplinary developmeen team.
The advantage of such an evaluation is the panel's familiarity with mobile city concepts and experience with actual working applicatiions In total,
and factors influencing their experience with and expectations of mobile phone use. Methood used here included:
who were asked to indicate those scenarios that were accepttabl to them (for a good experience) in a mobiil context. 3. Monitoring of Qos parameters during use.
5. Post-usage comparison of expectations versus experience (based on information gathered in step 3 and further user research)
User 10 shows great satisfaction up to-79 dbm, with ratings of 5 for expectations, reuse and general experience.
and despite the bad experience at-83 dbm, user 10 would still reuse this application.
Towards quality of experience in advanced collaborative environmments Paper presented at the Third Annual Workshop on Advanced Collaborative Environments, held 22 june 2003, Seattlle WA, USA.
A software tool to relate technical performance to user experience in a mobile context. Proceedings of the 2008 Internatiiona Symposium on a World of Wireless
Quality of Experience. IEEE Multimedia, 11 (1), 95 96. Khurana, A and S R Rosenthal 1998.
The Experience Economy: Work is Theatre and Every Business a Stage. Boston, MA: Harvard university Press.
Shariin user experiences in the product innovation process: Particippator design needs participatory communication. Journal of Creativity and Innovation Management, 16 (1), 35 45.
with lessons drawn from the experiences at both national and international levels in the application of fta. The Fourth International Seville Conference on Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) entitled‘‘FTA and Grand Societal Challenges:
the experience of international organisations established to provide a supranational mechanism for addressing such issues suggests that these models are incapable of engaging with such issues.
the selection of a limited number of policy-relevant posters, based on the experience both of individual countries and international organisatioons the invitation to policy-makers and experts to provide an informed audience for the poster presentations;
experiences of particular organisations, operating at both national and international levels, in applying FTA to their own innovation activities as well as those of key stakeholders.
The experience of FTA practitioners in implementing foresight tools provides further evidence of the effectivenees of particular tools in meeting particular challenges in the most appropriate ways.
and review this experience and to draw and implement lessons from it in a more systematic manner.
knowledge and experience of the participants involved; stakeholders'decision-making culture and management styles. These are aspects in relation to
The process of sharing experiences, collective learning and understanding, creation of shared commitmeen to the main decisions to be made
In other words, experiences and facts are the key points to perceiving and understanding intangibles. This paper will focus on strategic foresight, taking advantaag of CGEE's background in conducting strategic foresiigh exercises and strategic evaluation studies during the past decade, all of
The four phases proposed for the development of the SMP (see Fig. 5) were defined to meet the needs of the process, taking into consideration FINEP's culture and experience in planning and management over the years.
In the organization's prior planning experiences, no other process had managed to gather a similar amount of information,
reviewiin the experiences of the UK, Singapore and The netherlands',Futures, 42:49 58. Hames, R. D. 2010)‘ New windows into new worlds:
the Journal of Future Studies, 1: 5 9. Irwin, A. 2004)‘ Expertise and experience in the governance of science:
While the majority of the existing literature on modern biotechnollog focuses on the empirical experiences of European countries and the USA (Mckelvey et al. 2004;
which differs from the experiences of Western countries. Moreover the Taiwanese government has implemented not a‘set of policies'towards biotechnology,
Their experience was fed seldom back to the ASS. The system expected the experts at the ASS to understand the processes involved in cultivation
and experience but also creativitty These spaces could also be created at different levels of governance (regional, national,
Drawing on recent experiences with alternative models of FTA systems, solutions will be identified based on a combinattio of social
As a joint infrastructure, networks are of major benefit in facilitating the exchange of experiences, setting up training activities and communities of practice.
despite reporting on experiences derived from a single foresight exercise, indicate increasing evidence of institutionalised forms of FTA.
Recent experience from Germany'Warnke (2011) Focuses on deliberate design of transformations from viewpoint of post-Foresight phase
Experiences from the preparation of an international research programme',Technological forecasting and Social Change, 75: 483 95.
Warnke, P. 2011)‘ Implementing systemic RTI priorities Recent experience from Germany, 'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference, held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<
the balance of disciplinary and interdisciplinary courses and the importance of theoretical and applied experience could all evolve.
For example, experiences with international foresight using scenarios have been described by Cagnin and Ko nno la (2011) for the domain of intelligent and sustainable manufacturing,
In 2007 ESF evaluated the experiences with Forward Looks (Van der meulen 2007. Though the Forward Looks focus on science agendas,
ICSU's lessons match the experiences of ESF. References Beddington, J. 2009)‘ Food, energy, water and the climate:
experiences from the innovation policy foresight and strategy process of the City of Vienna',Technology analysis and Strategic management, 21: 953 69.
and examine some recent European experiences using foresight as a co-ordination tool embedded in the facilitation of transnational research collaboration.
and which now experiences increasing pressure to contribuut to innovation strategies and to engage more with business and the wider society.
Based on experiences in the identificatiio of European Joint Programming Initiatives Seiser (2010) identifies eight tensions in research priority setting from the point-of-view of policy-makers
and project levels (see Table 2). Table 1. Tensions in transnational research priority setting between science and policy-making, based on experiences with identification of joint programming initiatives.
call Different expertise levels among participants to work with (online) application forms Limited experience/capacity in pan-European collaboration Lack of common technological basis Differences in scientific
programme level) of evaluation Timescales of national evaluation processes may vary considerably Differences in experience in monitoring,
evaluation and learning-based policy-making Lack of national support to fund longer-term collaboration in evaluation Embedding foresight in transnational research programming. 193 European experiences
2011) consider experiences from vertical co-ordination between local, regional and (international levels providing significant insights into the challennge of managing multilayered research and innovation systems.
disputes over co-funding Diverging degrees of experience with (horizontal) policy co-ordination at national/regional level Differences in degree of cross-sector collaboration (e g. university industry collaboration
Based on experiences within the above three cases some initial conclusions can be drawn on the way in which foresiigh can support the four co-ordination challenges identified in Section 2. 3. 2. 1 Alignment of research systems.
and capabilities as an integral part of programming. 4. Discussion Building on our experiences from the case studies,
The first experiences with practical implementation followiin this report may look somewhat different than described in this report.
Experiences from the preparation of an international research programme',Technological forecasting and Social Change, 75: 483 95.
The present paper draws on the experiences from the seventh European Framework programme horizon scanning project Scanning for Emerging science and Technology Issues (SESTI.
and seminars. a special SESTI wiki to evoke contributions to the scanning process. active use of blogging and micro-blogging (Twitter) 8. text-mining. expert/stakeholder workshops Based on the experience of SESTI,
Based on the SESTI experience, an expert survey should be regarded as an additiiona tool with which to evaluate the issues which are identified,
The SESTI experience with Twitter shows that, in principple it is an interesting way of collecting signals,
The experience showed that text-mining has a fundamental flaw when identifying signals. An essential criterion for the signals to be identified is that they are unknown.
Comparing the SESTI experience with experiences from other horizon scanning processes, it seems that surveys are especially useful
The workshop experience also showed that even though topics or issues may already be known, they can still be considered to be emerging
Table 4). Table 5 evaluates the three combined approaches based on the criteria mentioone in Table 3. The SESTI experience of applying these methods (not necessarily as combined above) revealed that it is importaan to have several alternative methods
Additionally, the SESTI experience has shown the crucial value of networks and human expertise. In general, across all combined tools the value of the‘human factor'outweiighe the benefits of any automation tool as these are dependent on a human mind understanding,
Several lessons can be drawn from this experience that should be kept in mind by scanning practitioners and policy-makers alike.
Notwithstanding the above, experience has shown also that the effective selection and communication of the most important issues at the right time is both a challenge and an absolute necessity.
By building on the encouraging experiences of this exercise, we outline methodological steps in support of comparable scanning processes which facilitate the incremental development of crosscutting challenges
which reflects their experiences and interpretations of perceived reality (Scharmer 2000). On this point, Weick (1995) argues that sense-making is not mere interpretation:
Based on their experiences from the exercise on‘Scanning for emerging science and technology issues',Amanatidou et al.
Experiences from the preparation of an international research programme',Technological forecasting and Social Change, 75: 483 95.
Experiences on an innovation platform in European agenda setting'in Proceedings of the FTA 2011 Conference, Seville,<http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/>accessed 26 september 2011.
Experiences in Britain, Australia and New zealand',Technological forecasting and Social Change, 60:37 54. Mckinsey & Company (2009)‘ How companies are benefiting from Web 2. 0:
With this experience in mind we expect this new demand-driven approach to have an impact on other Fraunhofer future processes:
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