seeking out alternattiv sources of information and challenging impliici assumptions about the future that underlie today's decisions (UK HSC).
and Maritime Affaair (Direction générale de l'Industrie, des Technologiie de l'information et des Postes, 2000) and of Industry (Ministère de l
Where necessary, additional information was requested from representatives of the partners in the project. In this way information was gathered not only about the rationales for national horizon scanning, its goals, positioning and design,
but also about the premises and values that were taken into account for the identification and prioritisation of the issues colleccte by the scans,
Deliver information to a diversity of societal actoor which for instance could be used for setting priorities for future investments but also for initiattin public debate.
More information can be found at:<<http://cordis. europa. eu/foresight/kte expert group 2005. htm>,last accessed 1 Februuar 2010.10.
The European Information Network on New and Changing Health Technologies. Available at<http://www. euroscan. bham. ac. uk/index. htm>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
HE INFORMATION AND communication technologies (ICT) sector accounted for about 5%of the size of the European economy and 3%of total employment in 2005 (Turlea et al.
importance of communities of users as sources of talent, information, feedback and content via tools to create,
This information served as input for our subsequent scenario development. The following issues turned out to be the most controversial:
and we then wrote to them requesting additional information, both to confiir the results from the first study and to obtain more detail on motivations, budgets, results etc.
and their changes to system actors Development of significant new ways of thinking about challenges and opportunities Promote collective learning through open exchanges of information
In the final phase, senior representative (s) from the nine foresight institutions identified during the first study were contacted by email and/or through direec telephone conversations to request additional information,
and to seek additional information and claritty This study involved various qualitative and quantitative research methods including:
which tended to question the need for or exclude new information Links to senior policy-makers: some, but inadequate to defend the program Linkages have been mixed,
More technically, dealing with biosecurity can be considered in terms of informatiio generation and collection, information managemment information analysis,
Information flow through the two phases of the project is shown in Figure 2. Scenarios We used scenarios in attempts to develop internally consistent stories about possible futures (Tegart and Johnston,
and identify key technology applications to combat EID Phase II Final Symposium Roadmapping II Roadmapping I Figure 2 Information flow through the project Biosecurity and
no need to refrigerate Long shelf life Rapid test Gives result rapidly Easy to use in the field Small sample consumption Reliability Individual Information for decision at national level Sharing intellectual property and experience
medicine with testing linked to information networks and personalized treatment High throughput technologies Rapid pathogen genetic characterization, high level of biosecurity Users'requirement Access to latest technologies
health centers International institutions Validation processes established Information collection and sharing system from the local diagnostic systems through to the international institutions Personal diagnostic devices, implantable or wearable biosennso-transmitter Sensing systems of adequate sensitivity Low cost, point of care amplification
and analyse data National laboratory hierarchy accepted Acceptance of information collection processes Privacy concerns addressed Use of point of care
Validation standards developed Laboratory hierarchy strategy developed National (and international) information sharing systems developed BSL3-4 capability developed*Note:*
with samplles information and human resources shared by Asian countries. Currently, RIKEN, the leading governmental research institute in Japan, is developpin laboratories in collaboration with Thailand, Vietnam, China, Indonesia
considerable sharing of samples, people and information will be required. Therefoore this initiative could provide a great benefit among APEC member economies as it would estabblis strong partnerships within APEC
and information was provided to this surveillance project especiaall with respect to the technological trends and policy recommendations of technologies in ubiquittou computing, modeling,
The APEC structure may provide a route to developing this cooperation by sharing of information,
and hence the prompt and efficiien transfer of information from the research enviroonmen into the policy environment is a critical component of effectively combating EID.
from the traditional push towards more user-driven innovation strategies in the information and communications technologies domain has urged companies to place the user at the core of their innovation process in a more systematic way.
this still contrasts sharply with the In current definitions, user-driven innovation refers to the process of collecting a particular type of information about the user:
This invenntor was used as background information to familiiariz the researchers with the possibilities of mobile technologies.
Information for students Mapquest find me Prescriptions Indication of parking spaces and availability i-nanny Health monitoring Mobile information services Mobile flirt E-care Sports events on mobile Mobile chat Finding lost elderly person
Tourist portal Mail/diary on mobile Video surveillance Keeping up hiking and cycling routes Mobile domotics Shared agenda Mobile news Mobile banking Business card exchange Find shops Parking ticket on mobile Meal help Movie choice E-ticket Mobile
and medical info on mobile Location-based advertising Photo service Heartbeat information Making appetizers Scanning information Dentist appointment Mobile video calling Webcam
Blind aid Spare time suggestions Museum tour Cot death alarm Mobile search Event information Table 1. Archetype Patricia and some of her daily activities Time use
and corresponding Cronbach's alpha values Application cluster Cronbach's alpha Food and shopping help 0. 871 Tourist information 0. 775 Mobile social contact
and Money affairs 0. 763 Help with serious health issues 0. 721 Multimedia 0. 654 Administration 0. 760 Mobile news and information 0. 679
and shopping help (Foodshop cluster) 3. 23/5 Practical and administrative information for students 4. 20/5 Doing‘usual, daily tasks'more effectively by mobile (Effective
and information (Mobnews cluster) 3. 11/5 Public transport schedules 4. 11/5 Checking available places in cinema 3. 72/5 Spare time suggestions 3. 10/5 Payments and financial affairs
) 3. 99/5 Download presentations or other information 3. 65/5 Location-based advertising 2. 78/5 Independent living support 3. 93/5 Administration (Administration
54/5 Tourist information (Tourist cluster) 3. 87/5 Mobile help for studies (and Work study cluster) 3, 43/5 User involvement in future technology analysis Science and Public policy February
5. Post-usage comparison of expectations versus experience (based on information gathered in step 3 and further user research)
Secondly, due to a lack of information, potential knowledge spillovers are taken not into consideration (this also happens
additional information on the firms whose projeect were subsidized that was collected through a survey of the subsidized firms based on a shortenne version of the questionnaire used in The swiss Innovation Survey 2002;
The CTI database contained information on 634 subsiddize R&d projects that were finished between 1 january 2000 and 31 december 2002.
These firms received a shortenne version of the questionnaire of The swiss Innovattio Survey 2002.3 185 firms completed the questionnaire (see Table A1 in the Appendix to this paper for information on the response rates by scientiifi field.
Additional information on the determiinant of the propensity scores (see section on Method) was collected through a telephone survey of the 122 subsidized firms that did not complete the postal survey.
This additional information allowed us to estimate the propensity scores based on data for all 307 subsidized firms.
1983) to a monodimennsiona (scalar) propensity score which comprehhend the entire information of all relevant characteristics. 5 The state of a firm belonging to the group of the‘treated'firms is described by d=1,
The present analysis yields some information on three policyrellate issues: the type of enterprises that received subsidies from the CTI;
Open processes based on high levels of participation allow for far greater input of information from different perspectives, but run the risk of a decrease in quality control
information and knowledge diffusion. It is considdere to be an interface organization in the ST&I environmment having responsibility for articulating the views of the government, private sector and academia,
by communicating that the interprettatio of information and the production of knowledge are both keys to formulating recommendations.
and does not generate the information and knowledge necessary to support the decision-making process, which needs further knowledge generation and interpretation of trends, perspectives and future possibilities.
This phase also produces the key information components, which will support further analysis in the future. The main phase is where most information interpretattio will take place
and where creativity will be required to the best of the participants'capacity. Studies, scenario planning, workshops, and electronic tools, among other tools, are applied
It is also an opportunnit to convey non-classified results to a broader audience, through the dissemination of information via the Internet or by means of publications, seminars, confereence etc.
discussion and prioritization of results in an integrated format Analyses of recommendations of each panel compared to previous Brazilian foresight studies and international information Final report and dissemination of results Biotechnology Mapping
trends in public perception and flows of information; technological and commerciia strategies (long term perspective; financing mechanisms;
Analyses and synthesis of the information obtained were made and the results were discussed with FINEP's senior management,
very participatory and involved internal and external stakeholders in a continuoou process of adding value to the information obtained,
In the organization's prior planning experiences, no other process had managed to gather a similar amount of information,
Notes 1. For more information about programs, see OECD (2008: Chap. 11). 2. For more information on the 863 and 973 Programs,
see<http://www. most. gov. cn/eng/programs1/200610/t20061009 36225. htm >and<http://www. most. gov. cn/eng/programs1/200610/t20061009 36223. htm>accessed 20 may 2011.3.
they were allowed not to be cultivated in the normal farms (Science and Technology research and Information Center, 2005:
The majority of foreign exchanges were used to support the development of manufacturing industries, particularly the information and communication technologies (ICT.
Science and Technology research and Information Center (2005)‘ Strategic planning on the development of Taiwan agricultural biotechnology industry'(.
Science and Technology research and Information Center. Su, J.-C. 2004)‘ Global perspective of Taiwan's agricultural science and technology:
This can be thought of as the information role of FTA. Taking a systems of innovation approach,
Similarly, in many respects, breakthrough technologies due to developments in information and communiccatio technologies and nano-and biotechnologies have disruptive impacts on economies, markets and innovative consumer goods and services.
and international level and are compounded by weak collaborative links between these entities in sharing information (anticipatory intelligence and early warning),
However, most networks do not have the necessaar processes in place to go beyond information exchange and occasional joint initiatives.
K. M. Weber et al. most recent information on weak signals, and FTA instituttion coordinating and integrating the different inputs
The exchange of scientific information and sharing of ideas across borders have been essential to the progress of science.
Enabling information and communication technoloogies this affects almost all aspects of society. These six megatrends were written-up
much existing information is already readily available from various horizon scanning activities going on around the world (e g. the UK Government's Sigma Scan) 2
Current information and communicattion technologies (ICTS) can overcome some of these limitations e g. email and conference calls,
Scientific information is tailored to specific audiences, whilst at the same time making the whole process of science more open and accessible.
and linkages that could be useful in fostering the circulation of information in the system.
First, IPRM springs from a roadmapping tradition and thus places significant emphasis on the process and systematic form of information.
Top-down information might be utilized during the process, but the topics highligghte are the outcomes of a systematic process.
However, in contrast to the long-term emphasis in TM, IPRM adopts a multi-temporal perspective that is dependent on the topics under scrutiny (e g. the long-term in information
At present, one of the most importaan enabling technologies is 3d and product model technologies, like building information models.
life cycle emissions of products not known, information fragmented in isolated systems SYSTEMIC POLICIES: Management of complex of information systems;
Most of the information is fragmented in isolated systems. Basically, the strategic policy issues depicted here aim to affect this zero state of affairs.
The first of the systemic policies emphassize the management of a complex of information systems, with a special emphasis on information transparennc and security.
This sets specific demands for interoperabbility The interfaces should also be designed in such a way that they do not lead to a build up of information overload.
and sensor technologies could result in more elaborate energy consumpptio information, from both temporal and load profile perspectives.
The emergence of life-cycle oriented policies is linked to the policies on information disclosure transparency and security.
For consumers, personalized information services that integrrat diverse activities (housing, transportation, nutrition etc. and handle complex data on environmental sustainabiilit (automatically) are entering the market.
authorities and autonomous Mobility and exchange of scientists Programme cooperation and coordination Institutional cooperation Project cooperation Exchange of S&t information Innovation/knowledge clusters 2 3
and piloting of the proposed approach. 3. 1 Foresight processes case by case The cases were handpicked principally because of the explicit role of foresight activities in their implementation as well as the fact that the present authors had access to the information
(and three observers) of 19 EU Member States and Associated Countries 2008 11 Develop a durable focused network22 of national research funders in Member and Associated States of EU in order to share information,
Collecting information on (differences in) the structure of research funding the ministries and organisations involved, their respective visions for the future,
and starting new initiatives with European R&i communities Temporal co-ordination Consultation on research issues among stakeholders provided future-oriented information on directtio and interests of research community.
and information sharing at different levels and in different phases (information sharing and alignment of existing programmes,
Conducting bottom-up consultations or launching a (pilot) call aimed at gathering more anticipatory intelligence are ways to provide different policy levels with rich information about the interests of the stakeholders
if only because the foresight exercise produces information about the relevance and attainability of these very objectives.
or even suffers from the lack of relevant information, whose use could be considered to be justified for decisionmakking In such conditions,
By way of engaging stakeholders in the creation and codification of tacit knowledge (Nonaka 1994), foresight synthesises key findings for decision-makers from fragmented information and expert recommendations.
and sense-making between diverse sources of information and the decision-makers..Guidance for design and process management.
systematic exchange of information and good practices on existing programmes and activities. identification and analysis of common strategic issues. planning and development of joint activities between national and regional programmes. implementation
searches for information about new developments. This can be done by using automated tools such as news alerts and feeds, Google trends as well as automated text-mining.
However, the novelty, quality and reliability of the information that can be retrieved in such a totally focus-free and open way is highly questionable.
and how this information is transformed into potential emerging issues that can be interesting and useful for decision-and policy-makers.
Additional information and leads are obtained by participative approaches, for instance setting up a (SESTI) wiki, evoking Twitter activity around SESTI and more traditional methods such as a survey.
and scanning tools Both of the above approaches used the internet as their main source of information.
wikis and websites which provide non-textual information as videos and audios. In addition, experts and policy-makers were called upon to enrich,
and the means of processing information. Some of the methods are suitable for obtaining specific information like expert reviews,
surveys and visits to conferences and seminars while other tools like the initiation of a wiki and the active use of blogs and micro-blogging can encourage wider participation and dialogue.
It can be a platform for collecting information about signals and issues as well as being a place to facilitate expert discussioons Wikis are suited ideally for collaborative learning
A second aspect is that a survey yields limited information and is bound to the moment in
Thus, there is a limited possibility for retrieving new information. However, a statement made by an expert that an issue is emerging can also be seen as a signal.
and information often appears on Twitter before it is reported in conventional news formats (e g. TV, radio and print media.
Information about new developments and also societal happenings can be obtained, even in real time. This can enable faster and timelier assessments and thus earlier detection of events, changes and possible weak signals.
Experts often tweet about new trends and issues and also mention important information from blogs and news websites.
However, an approach to processing the information is needed, as the signals can very quickly amount to thousands of entries.
if the right information is filtered. It is also crucial to select trusted and reliable twitterers (Pang 2010.
Another advantage of internet scanning is that it uses all available sources of information on the internet (including audiovisual information) as well as web tools such as those mentioned above.
) Focusing on specific fields, surveys can deliver additional information on various side aspects related to the core issue.
To obtain this information (micro-)blogs are becoming interesting tools with which to analyse which communities have taken up specific issues
In general, however, the potential of Twitter to become a main tool for retrieving future-oriented information is high as colleagues,
analysing and synthesising various pieces of information. Table 3. Evaluation criteria for scanning approaches and methods Connections, clustering of weak signals and degree of relevance to a specific area Duration of weakness of signal, also associated with time at
Search engines Search engines for focused expert review Size of source of information Limited: specific Large: wide Limited:
In focused expert review secondary scanning can reveal relevant information As reported in survey responses and in literature and synthesised by reviewers.
In focused expert review secondary scanning can reveal relevant information. Conferences are a place where existing strategies/policies are discussed usually Policy implications assessment Medium High High Associated policy implications of emerging issues are analysed by comparing emerging issues identified with topics
Tools such as Google Insight, Statistics or Google news Timeline that allow us to obtain metadata as well as backward views on issue-related information,
are important for retrieving such information. The SESTI project used the issue-centred and exploratoor scanning methods for the alerting function as well as the creative function.
and to interpret them in a functional way for decision-makers by gathering and processsin all relevant information.
information and the process itself is of crucial importance. At the same time, horizon scanning has to be accepted as an additional source of evidence for policy-making.
The special nature of horizon scanning activities points to the importance of continuity to increase the relevance, validity and timeliness of the information.
so that they can provide regular information on the process and obtain results is important. It is also important that policy-makers are engaged actively
Choo, C. W. 2001)‘ Environmental scanning as information seeking and organizational learning',Information Research, 7/1<http://choo. fis. utoronto. ca/IR/choo choo
Vjðwþ w1v j 1+w2v j 2+w3v j 3 In contrast to conventional multi-criteria methods, RPM admits incomplete weight information expressed through linear
which belong to all non-dominated portfollios defined (in an approximate sense) as those collecttion of issues for which no other portfolio would yield a higher overall value for all stated weight information..
indeed, one reason for adopting the RPM approach was that it admits incomplete information about criterion weights
In addition to the numerical statistics of the assessments, participants were provided with information about the core issues
and information and communications technologies to enable citizens'empowerment..The need for more effective and transparent governannc that allows institutions to anticipate future challennge
The information generated is made available through a variety of media for consideration in policy-making, advanced training
Institutes of similar scientific and technological scope form a total of six groups representing Fraunhofer knowledge domains (information and communications technologies, life sciences, materials, light and surfaces, microelectronics, and production.
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