| Complex problem (6) |  |
| Problem (350) | |
| Problem analysis (4) | |
| Problem-solving (25) | |
| Complex problem (6) | |
| Problem (350) | |
| Problem analysis (4) | |
| Problem-solving (25) | |
The default is that the most successful innovators are those who can exploit various expert sources with optimum efficiency in problem-solving situations and implement their objectives in close collaboration with other businesses
9. Ideally, scenario planning helps policy-makers making better sense of changes in their external environment, spotting early warning signals and refining perceptions of existing or emerging problems and corresponding problem-solving strategies 10.
and weaknesses of different problem-solving strategies, make a final selection and formulate the concrete shape of the measure;
of problem-solving systems, Management Science 23 (10)( 1977) 1099 1108.18 W. Ulrich, 1983 Critical Heuristics of Social Planning:
'They emphasise that future negotiating processes have to be studied according to how they are performed instead of looking at them as mere problem-solving tools for more prudent strategic decision making. 6 The Sociology of expectations analyses foresight practises as structured around expectations and promises in technology,
-or multidiscipllinarit for frontier science, one has analysed the need for inter-institutional linkages for problem-solving knowledge (collaborations between university and industry or between researchers and clinicians,..
At the level of goal-oriented acts, progress may be defined as successful problem-solving, evaluated in the context of a specific social activity.
A specific activity thus generates a socially shared ontology that allows problem-solving and problem definition to occur within this ontology.
and problem-solving algoritthm such as TRIZ (the Theory of Inventive Problem solving; cf. Rantanen and Domb 2002) to help locate current capabilities along innovation pathways.
New problem-solving applications for engineers and manufacturing professionals. Boca raton, FL: CRC Press. Robinson, D. K. R.,L. Huang, Y. Guo,
2011) the focus on a problem-solving approach becomes more apparent: solving global or national issues through the effective application of science and technology.
and 2. the mission-oriented or problem-solving approach. The main points are expert panels by cross-disciplinary theme rather than by technological discipline, the active participation of specialists in social science and humanities,
and a mission-oriented or problem-solving approach. Three investigative studies were carried out, employing methods of Delphi, scenario,
and sustainability 43 (See http://www. sitra. fi/en/articles/2012/strategic-design-finlandsneewapproach-problem-solving).
what may be the clue to understand the modus operandi of devolutiont per se the development of evolutionary algorithms for many different problem-solving and/or theoretical applications.
with the convergence of different fields of science toward what may be the clue to understand the modus operandi of devolutiont per se the development of evolutionary algorithms for many different problem-solving and/or theoretical applications.
At the other end, countries have a global outlook and favour international cooperattio when problem-solving.
and applied and societal problem-solving oriented research on the other hand. This is particularly relevant for research performed at universities,
Within the focus of problem-solving oriented research a second source of tensions relates to different viewpoints between scientists and policy-makers.
A needs-oriented approach and cross-institute problem-solving should open up new contract research markets in a 3 7 year perspective,
Through the collaborative and transdisciplinary problem-solving approach, an awareness of the sustainability aspects was raised within Fraunhofer.
Moderation of problem-solving: conceptually, the bottom-up generation of the solution approaches should induce collaborative problem-solving
and was organised self by the institutes. But in most cases, one single institute took the lead in the problemsollvin with a certain technological focus and a solution concept.
Other institutes were involved often quite late in the development and formulation of the problem-solving process.
Central moderation of the problem-solving as a kickoff of the application phase is necessary in order to identify solutions with high impact and to foster collaborative aspects.
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