| R&d (404) |  |
| R&d activities (16) | |
| R&d funding (10) | |
| R&d investment (8) | |
| R&d policy (17) | |
| R&d publication (3) | |
| R&d strategy (4) | |
| R&d (404) | |
| R&d activities (16) | |
| R&d funding (10) | |
| R&d investment (8) | |
| R&d policy (17) | |
| R&d publication (3) | |
| R&d strategy (4) | |
The overview of methodologies in Section 2 starts with a list of possible methodologies which are also relevant for assessing the impact of public R&d policies.
for R&d policy 3. Combination of methods and topic fields In order to achieve these targets, a tailor-made combination of methods was applied.
recommendations for priority activity lines for R&d policy were derived also in the sense of 11. The last phase ended with a conference.
in order to achieve the objectives of national R&d policy. An important aspect of FNR support is its main conditionality on scientific excellence.
and also identify priorrit areas for R&d policy-making. The methodoloog developed was based on the adaptive foresight framework
in particular, identifying the potential for disruptions, leading to policy formulaatio and recommendations for European and national policies, in particular R&d policy.
R&d policy setting. In fact many of the issues identified in our research relate to policy areas which are not specific to the R&d agenda,
and deriving conclusions for R&d policy turned out to be beyond the reach of the approach. This is as much due to the inherent limitations of our abilities to look into the future
R&d policies became more and more significant. However, as a milestone, the Eight Key Industries itself was only a general policy announcement.
) In terms of R&d policies, fundamental biological and pharmaceutical research in universities was funded continuously, and the DCB was found in 1984 to transfer pharmaceutical technology of chemical engineering from the universities to pharmaceuticca companies (DCB 2010).
However, there was no R&d policy to encourage universities to transfer pharmaceuttica biotechnology to companies, and before the late 1990s, there was no particular target for the funding of R&d policies.
Only after 1998 did the government start to recognize Chinese herbal medicines as the backbone of the pharmaceutical sector.
The R&d policies thus turned to encouraging the development of new herbaceous medicines (NSC 2010. To sum up:
For agricultural R&d policies the government continued funding fundamental agricultural research in the universities and applied research in the ASS.
) Treating agricultural R&d policies as a type of welfare policy, modern agricultural biotechnologies innovated by universities and public research organizatiion were commercialized not
R&d policies became more and more importannt Indeed, the Eight Key Industries, the first biotechnoloog policy, targeted the development of the pharmaceutical sector, rather than biotechnology.
the agricultural R&d policies focused on the quantity of agricultural products. However, after the 1980s, once the agricultural products only served domestic demands,
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