a UCLA professor of bioengineering and chemistry who is affiliated with CNSI, the multidisciplinary team also included Michel Gilliet of Switzerland Lausanne University Hospital,
#Small changes have large benefits for crop breeding Researchers from The University of Western australia have developed a new method for breeding crops that will improve the potential for long-term, sustainable genetic improvement.
means there can be more accurate selection and shorter generation intervals with more sustainable long-term genetic improvement.
and improved the potential for long-term and sustainable genetic improvement. oupled with new genomic technology, the new breeding method could speed up genetic improvements for desirable traits such as grain quality and yield.
Source: University of Western Australi
#Scientists invent a new method to synthesize highly valuable amines Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have created a new method for synthesizing minesa class of organic compounds prominent in drugs and other modern products.
#Decades of research yield natural dairy thickener with probiotic potential Microbiologists at Oregon State university have discovered
beginning in the early 1990s when a novel polymer with an ability to rapidly thicken milk was discovered by an OSU microbiologist.
an OSU microbiologist. e discovered that this bacterium had a brand-new, never-before reported grouping of genes that code for a unique polymer that naturally thickens milk.
creating microfluidic channels to control the movement of liquids inside a chemical or biological detector,
and David Beebe, the John D. Macarthur Professor and Claude Bernard professor of biomedical engineering at UW-Madison, the researchers published news of the advance May 1, 2015, in the Royal Society
of Chemistry journal Integrative biology. ee taking the first steps toward mimicking the body in a dish,
She has founded a service-based company called Lynx Biosciences based on these findings, and the company was recently a finalist in the 2015 Wisconsin Governor Business plan Contest.
The work was published online June 3 in Biomaterials and will appear later in print. Study PDF and images:
It is made from gelatin-based biomaterials reinforced with nanoparticles and seeded with cells, and it mimics the anatomical microenvironment of lymphoid tissue.
the Ingalls Professor of Cancer Genetics at the university School of medicine and a medical oncologist at University Hospitals Case Medical center Seidman Cancer Center. e have developed a drug that acts like a vitamin for tissue stem cells,
and Mark Chance, who contributed proteomics expertise for studies that showed how SW033291 works. Other participating investigators also contributed substantially:
#Scientists construct first whole genome sequence of bighorn sheep Geneticists at the University of Alberta have constructed the first whole genome sequence of a bighorn sheep in a new study that could have a significant impact on conservation efforts of the species,
Phd student in the Department of Biological sciences and lead author on the study. hus, there is active interest in how best to manage the species to ensure their long-term survival.
To construct a whole genome sequence, the DNA is first run through a sequencer to identify small strings of building blocks, called nucleotides.
The strings of nucleotides are joined then together to produce a complete picture. he process of ordering the nucleotides into a genome is much like assembling a jigsaw puzzle,
which uses an existing genome sequence as a reference point to streamline the process. ere, one starts with the same jigsaw pieces,
and for genome sequencing this usually results in a much more complete picture being put together in less time than de novo assembly.
In this case, the reference used for alignment was the already complete whole genome sequence of a domestic sheep.
Full genome sequences are still relatively rare; for context, only 108 mammals are listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. ntil recently,
generating a genome sequence of any organism was nearly impossible, notes Miller. The majority of organisms sequenced so far have been domestic laboratory species such as fruit flies or lab mice.
But as Miller notes, this also tends to create an incomplete picture. here is an implicit problem
and cost-effective enough to be useful in obtaining whole genome sequences of wildlife species, like bighorn sheep.
and management actions for at-risk species. Constructing a whole genome sequence of the bighorn sheep will also help by providing a reference for new studies,
These challenges have now been met with a new technique developed by researchers at the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI
Scown says. y strategically piecing together biological and thermochemical processes, biorefineries can also operate without any fossil-derived inputs. o
. a professor of biomedical engineering, has been working to further develop and apply the technology to other organs beyond the relatively transparent eye.
and paint the cells without affecting their biological function. owever, we were surprised and delighted to discover that we could deliver the necessary quantity to the cells to supplement their oxygen requirements.
is likely to pave the way for the development of a wide range of new biotechnologies.
they are limited mainly to the analysis of lower molecular weight biomolecules. These include metabolites, fatty acids and lipids.
a member of ORNL Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group and lead author of the paper.
so another lab using genetic engineering created a mouse model to produce antibodies that resemble human antibodies.
and Maria Barna, Phd, assistant professor of developmental biology and genetics at Stanford, co-senior authors of the new study. he dogma in every textbook was that
In lab-dish experiments, mutations in certain genes known as oncogenes, such as Ras and Myc, reliably ransformnormal mouse cells into cancer-like cells the cells overproliferate,
When the scientists used a tool called short-hairpin RNAS to sharply reduce eif4e levels in human lung cancer cells carrying a Ras mutation,
These results were consistent with those seen in eif4e-deficient mice carrying Ras mutations which had reduced a sharply propensity to develop lung cancer compared to mice with a full complement of eif4e.
Most cancer drug development is aimed at specifically targeting faulty proteins caused by mutations in oncogenes such as Ras and Myc,
the implications for human biology are indirect at best. owever, mouse brains have long been accepted as excellent basic research models for the human brain,
bioengineering professor one of authors of the study, said that you just have to mix honey
developed by researchers in the joint UNC/NC State Biomedical engineering Department. A joint effort between diabetes doctors and biomedical engineers could revolutionize how people with diabetes keep their blood sugar levels in checkpainful insulin injections could become a thing of the past for the millions of Americans who suffer from diabetes, thanks to a new invention
biocompatible materials, said co-senior author Zhen Gu, Phd, a professor in the Joint UNC/NC State department of Biomedical engineering.
The new study, published in the journal Nature Chemical Biology, has found that this rare xtrabase,
5fc physical position in the genome makes it likely that it plays a key role in gene activity. his modification to DNA is found in very specific positions in the genome the places which regulate genes,
but the fact that wee demonstrated it can be stable in living tissue shows that it could regulate gene expression and potentially signal other events in cells.
The way these bases are ordered determines the makeup of the genome. In addition to G, C a and T, there are also small chemical modifications,
or epigenetic marks, which affect how the DNA sequence is interpreted and control how certain genes are switched on or off.
The study of these marks and how they affect gene activity is known as epigenetics. 5fc is one of these marks,
making it likely that it plays a key role in the genome. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry,
its position in the genome suggests that it has a key role in the regulation of gene expression.
The research was supported by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council UK e
and biologists at UC San diego have succeeded in designing and synthesizing an artificial cell membrane capable of sustaining continual growth, just like a living cell.
an assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UC San diego who headed the research team, which included scientists from the campusbiocircuits Institute. any other scientists have exploited the ability of lipids to self-assemble into bilayer vesicles with properties reminiscent of cellular membranes,
The scientists said in their paper that to develop the growing membrane they substituted a omplex network of biochemical pathways used in nature with a single autocatalyst that simultaneously drives membrane growth.
when supplied with simpler chemical building blocks, said Devaraj. ynthetic cell membranes that can grow like real membranes will be an important new tool for synthetic biology and origin of life studies.
But bacteriophages can also cause potentially harmful side effects, according to James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT Department of Biological engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science,
The researchers used synthetic biology techniques to develop a platform of particles called phagemids. These particles infect bacteria with small DNA molecules known as plasmids,
The paper demonstrates that using synthetic biology to modify a gene in a phage to make it more toxic to a pathogen can lead to more effective antimicrobial particles than classical approaches,
says Alfonso Jaramillo, a professor of synthetic biology at the University of Warwick in the U k.,
as they are considered not genetically modified organisms, he says. The researchers have created an improved form of phage therapy that may become the antibiotics of the future,
& Biology and will be published in the July 23 issue of the journal print edition. Caltech graduate student Ariel Furst (Phd 5) and her adviser, Jacqueline K. Barton, the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial professor of chemistry, are the paper authors. urrently,
and has demonstrated that it can be used not only to locate DNA mutations but also to detect the presence of proteins such as DNMT1 that bind to DNA.
or ibuprofen reduces the risk of bowel cancer by more than half for people with the genetic mutation causing Lynch syndrome.
At least 1 in 1000 people in the population have the genetic mutation that causes Lynch syndrome.
and the new findings suggest that parasite calcineurin should be a focus for the development of new antimalarial drugs. ur study has great biological and medical significance, particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,
The research team at Harvard Chan School used cutting edge genetic and cell biological methods to provide definitive evidence of the essentiality and function of calcineurin in parasite invasion.
calcineurin underlies a very basic aspect of parasite biology. p
#What your clothes may say about you Moving closer to the possibility of aterials that computeand wearing your computer on your sleeve,
From a biological point of view, there no other way to achieve this. After all, the material for example that of a fallen pinecone is already dead.
which the pores roughly model the cells in the biological material. What they found is fascinating.
who heads the Biomimetic Actuation and Tissue Growth Group in the Biomaterials Department of the Max Planck Institute in Potsdam,
Burrus/NISTTHE technology was designed to track the machinery of biological cells, down to the tiniest bits of DNA, a single ase pairof nucleotides among the 3 billion of these chemical units in human genes.
But the instrument could be useful well beyond biology, biochemistry and biophysics, perhaps in manufacturing.
These biochemical processes are responsible for a broad range of movement in living organisms, including moving molecules around the interior of a cell or copying DNA into another form of genetic material, RNA.
The new JILA instrument also can aid in measuring individual proteins as they fold into specific positions
The instrument must be stable to within about one-tenth of a nanometer (1 angstrom to biologists, equivalent to the diameter of a hydrogen atom.
and is already being used for basic biological studies. The invention of gene nock-outsarned the 2007 Nobel prize for its utility in determining
The fifth column is implanted an bit of genetic code that sits idle until a certain drug enters the cell.
UW-Madison has opened a genome editing facility in its Biotechnology Center. e want the whole campus to utilize this technology,
for human biology and the model organisms that are so important for biology, like fruit flies and zebra fish,
This marriage between human stem cells and genome editing technology will revolutionize the way we do science.
#Pioneering gene therapy takes aim at inherited blindness Canada first human gene therapy trial for eyeshe replacement of a faulty gene with a healthy ones now underway at the Royal Alexandra Hospital to preserve
Gene therapy is not a drug, but a transfer of human genes. Gene therapy refers to the incorporation of new DNA into cells,
to replace a gene that is either missing or not functioning. This allows the cells to produce an important protein.
replacing the defective gene that in the cells. he first of six local men to undergo ocular gene therapy,
a private British biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of therapies for retinal dystrophies. e are leading the way in the development of an effective gene therapy treatment for choroideremia,
#TSRI and Biotech Partners Find New Antibody Weapons against Marburg virus A new study led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) identifies new immune molecules that protect against deadly Marburg virus, a relative
and neutralize Marburg virushich has a mortality rate of up to 90%ere developed through an academic-industrial partnership including TSRI, Integrated Biotherapeutics, Mapp Biopharmaceutical and Emergent biosolutions.
Other antibodies in the study were identified independently at Mapp Biopharmaceutical and Integrated Biotherapeutics which collaborated with TSRI for molecular analysis. Some of the new antibodies target a new site on Marburg virus not seen before winglike feature attached to the base of the virus. Antibodies against this newly discovered site protected 90 to 100%of infected animal models from lethal infection.
and its four relatives in the Ebolavirus genus. e expect both Marburg virus and Ebola virus to emerge again
and to acquire new mutations, said TSRI Research Assistant Marnie Fusco, first author of the new study. he cross-reactive antibodies could be used as diagnostics for newly emerging strains.?
#Elastic Gel to Heal Wounds A team of bioengineers at Brigham and Women Hospital (BWH), led by Ali Khademhosseini, Phd,
and Nasim Annabi, Phd, of the Biomedical engineering Division, has developed a new protein-based gel that,
If we want to use biomaterials to regenerate those tissues, we need elasticity and flexibility, said Annabi,
although it can be attributed to a combination of genetics and the environment. A team of researchers from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered now that telomeres
the structures that protect the chromosomes, are at the origin of pulmonary fibrosis. This is the first time that telomere damage has been identified as a cause of the disease.
Furthermore, pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most frequent illnesses among people with mutations in genes involved in telomere maintenance.
a drug that affects the genetic material of cells and inhibits cell division when administered in high doses,
Our entire genome is packed this way, except for the areas, from which the information is being currently read says Vasily M. Studitsky,
who is the leading researcher and the head of the Laboratory of Regulation of Transcription and Replication at the Biological Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State university.
The damage of the DNA, if not repaired, leads to accumulation of mutations, cell death, and to the development of various diseases, including neurodegenerative, e g.
information written in the genetic code, which could be imagined as the manual for its assembly where triples of nucleotides match certain amino acids,
In order to multiply, viruses have to invade a host cell and copy their genetic information. To do so, viruses encode their own replication machinery
belong to an order of RNA VIRUSES that share a common strategy for copying their genomes inside their hosts.
Now a team from Harvard Medical school, using electron cryomicroscopy (imaging frozen specimens to reduce damage from electron radiation),
HMS professor of microbiology and immunobiology and senior author of the paper. think if you were trying to develop a viral-specific target to block the replication of one of these viruses,
Advances in electron cryomicroscopy encouraged them to try again. A team from Whelan lab, working with a group led by Stephen Harrison, Giovanni Armenise Harvard Professor of Basic Biomedical science at HMS and a Howard hughes medical institute (HHMI) investigator
They can shed new light on the fundamental processes occurring in the nanoscale biological pores that funnel essential ingredients into cells. e also developed some key data processing methods
and to investigate other nanofluidic systems such as boron nitride nanotubes and biological channels. ource: University of Sydne a
Bat expert Michael Yartsev, a newly hired UC Berkeley assistant professor of bioengineering and member of the Helen wills said Neuroscience Institute
and Emory University biochemistry Professor Richard Cummings contributed to the study. Intelectin is not new to science, Kiessling notes,
Researchers have developed a new approach for better integrating medical devices with biological systems. The researchers, led by Bozhi Tian,
The team achieved three advances in the development of semiconductor and biological materials. One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography.
The testing showed that the synthetic silicon spicules displayed stronger interactions with collagen fibers skin-like stand-in for biological tissuehan did currently available silicon structures.
#Gene therapy restores hearing in deaf mice Proof-of-principle study takes a step toward precision medicine for genetic hearing loss.
Using gene therapy, researchers at Boston Children Hospital and Harvard Medical school have restored hearing in mice with a genetic form of deafness.
Their work, published online July 8 by the journal Science Translational Medicine, could pave the way for gene therapy in people with hearing loss caused by genetic mutations. ur gene therapy protocol is not yet ready for clinical trialse need to tweak it a bit moreut in the not-too-distant
The researchers tested gene therapy in two types of mutant mice. One type had the TMC1 gene completely deleted
and is a good model for recessive TMC1 mutations in humans: Children with two mutant copies of TMC1 have profound hearing loss from a very young age, usually by around 2 years.
The other type of mouse, called Beethoven, has a specific TMC1 mutation change in a single amino acidnd is a good model for the dominant form of TMC1-related deafness.
In this form, less common than the recessive form, a single copy of the mutation causes children to gradually go deaf beginning around the age of 10 to 15 years.
or AAV1, together with a promoter genetic sequence that turns the gene on only in certain sensory cells of the inner ear known as hair cells.
In the recessive deafness model, gene therapy with TMC1 restored the ability of sensory hair cells to respond to soundroducing a measurable electrical currentnd also restored activity in the auditory portion of the brainstem.
loud tones. ice with TMC1 mutations will just sit there, but with gene therapy, they jump as high as a normal mouse,
says Holt. The force of their jump was measured by a plate on the floor underneath them;
In the dominant deafness model, gene therapy with a related gene, TMC2, was successful at the cellular and brain level,
and is already in use in human gene therapy trials for blindness, heart disease, muscular dystrophy and other conditions.
Holt hopes to partner with clinicians at Boston Children Department of Otolaryngology and elsewhere to start clinical trials of TMC1 gene therapy within 5 to 10 years. urrent therapies for profound hearing loss like that caused by the recessive
Holt believes that other forms of genetic deafness may also be amenable to the same gene therapy strategy.
000 live births. can envision patients with deafness having their genome sequenced and a tailored, precision medicine treatment injected into their ears to restore hearing,
a mutation in the TMC1 gene is sufficient to cause deafness. However, Holt study also showed that gene therapy with TMC2 could compensate for loss of a functional TMC1 gene,
restoring hearing in the recessive deafness model and partial hearing in the dominant deafness model. his is a great example of how the basic science can lead to clinical therapies,
says Holt. he implications of successful gene therapy are profound, and we are delighted to be associated with this study program,
such strains are only found at low levels within the human gut, according to Timothy Lu, an associate professor of biological engineering and of electrical engineering and computer science,
a professor of biological engineering at MIT. e wanted to work with strains like B. thetaiotaomicron that are present in many people in abundant levels,
The team developed a series of genetic parts that can be used to precisely program gene expression within the bacteria. sing these parts
Tom Ellis, group leader of the Centre for Synthetic biology at Imperial College London, who was involved not in the research,
says the paper takes many of the best tools that have been developed for synthetic biology applications with E coli
or biosensors, in bacteria that are placed then in the gut, this paper stands out from the crowd by first engineering a member of the Bacteroides genus,
said Dr. Wen H. Shen, the study lead investigator and an assistant professor of cell biology in radiation oncology at Weill Cornell. ased on our research,
and if loss of PTEN could impact this central process of genome transmission to allow development and progression of cancer.
or when cells with unreplicated DNA rush into cell division prematurely to produce an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, a condition called aneuploidy.
70 percent of prostate cancers have PTEN mutation or deletion. Because of this, researchers are testing PTEN to see if it a marker of aggressive cancer
or harbor mutations in the gene are known to have poorer outcomes than patients with active PTEN,
and in particular, to benefit this subgroup of cancer patients carrying PTEN mutations. ource: Cornell Universit u
Based on these preclinical data, the HIV-1 version of this vaccine regimen is now being evaluated in an ongoing international clinical study sponsored by Crucell Holland BV
INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the paper corresponding author. e show here an inexpensive and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores. he researchers used the nanoparticles
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics like catheters in the human body.
the researchers used biochemical and biophysical cues to prompt stem cells to differentiate and self-organize into micron-scale cardiac tissue,
said Kevin Healy, a UC Berkeley professor of bioengineering, who is co-senior author of the study with Dr. Bruce Conklin,
a senior investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease and a professor of medical genetics and cellular and molecular pharmacology at UC San francisco. his technology could help us quickly screen for drugs likely to generate cardiac birth defects,
which are critical to the development of heart tissue. his spatial differentiation happens in biology naturally,
a UC Berkeley postdoctoral researcher in bioengineering. he confined geometric pattern provided biochemical and biophysical cues that directed cardiac differentiation and the formation of a beating microchamber.
according to new research published in Biomaterials. The authors of the study, from Osaka University in Japan, say their dissolvable patch the only vaccination system of its kind could make vaccination easier, safer and less painful.
and biology research because it can reveal how molecules stick together. It widely utilized in an eclectic collection of fields spanning anthropology, fuel science, physiology and meteorology.
an electrical engineer whose work often concerns the semiconductor industry. ut wee also excited for the huge number of people who can now use this technique in chemistry and biology.
Jae-Woong Jeong, Ph d.,a bioengineer formerly at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, worked with Jordan G. Mccall, Ph d.,a graduate student in the Bruchas lab,
as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Bone marrow-derived MSC sheets improved cardiac function and attenuated LV remodeling in ICM without major complications,
a finding that dispels previous concerns that the genetic material would quickly degrade in rain and sunlight.
Geneticists have used the technique to silence specific genes examine what functions are lost and hence learn that gene purpose.
#How to make chromosomes from DNA Researchers at the University of Tokyo have discovered a long-overlooked process important for converting a long, string-like DNA molecule into a chromosome.
This finding gives us a better understanding of the mechanism of how cells store safely genetic material, DNA.
Condensin recognizes unwound DNA segments produced by gene expression and restores them to double-stranded DNA.
This function proved to be a prerequisite for making chromosomes from DNA. DNA molecules are long,
string-like polymers storing the genetic information of life and, in a cell, are packed tightly into structures called chromosomes.
Formation of chromosomes in a dividing cell is required for faithful transmission of information in DNA to daughter cells.
The condensin complex is known to play an essential role in assembling chromosomes, but it remains unknown how condensin is involved in folding of DNA molecules.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo, including Assistant professor Takashi Sutani, Professor Katsuhiko Shirahige (Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences) and Ph d student Toyonori Sakata (Graduate school of Agricultural and Life sciences), isolated from cells
and analyzed DNA segments to which condensin binds, and revealed that condensin is associated with single stranded-dna DNA (ssdna)
and were produced by gene expression (or transcription), and that ssdna amount was increased further in condensin-deficient cells.
They also discovered that chromosome segregation defects in mutant cells that showed lowered levels of condensin function were rescued largely by transcription inhibition.
that ssdna is detrimental to assembling chromosomes, and that condensin restores unwound ssdna segments to double-stranded DNA. t was believed widely that unwound DNA segments return spontaneously to canonical double-helical DNA,
It has demonstrated also for the first time that the presence of ssdna impedes chromosome organization, providing insight into the mechanism of chromosome formation,
says Assistant professor Sutani u
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