#Discovery: cells unwillingly help adenoviruses Various viruses claim many lives every day and cause other nonlethal infections that can lead to serious complications.
but they are used also in sciences adenoviruses are used widely in gene therapy. Scientists found out that cells unwillingly provide lipids,
which is surprising as lipids have important roles in biology, but these roles are difficult to identify The researchers have identified a connection between the formation of a membrane pore by the virus and a cellular repair mechanism.
New knowledge should also help with using adenoviruses in vaccination and gene therapy e
#Scientists discover first NA ambulanceu of T researchers have discovered how severely damaged DNA is transported within a cell
because DNA contains the instructions for all our genetic information. While the repaired DNA can still replicate,
but at a great cost, said Mekhail. he cell has compromised a genome, but it stable
when our chromosomes break and are said misrepaired Durocher. his work teaches us that the location of the break within the cell nucleus has a big impact on the efficiency of repair. he implications of the research could extend to a large number of developmental
The examination of epigenomes requires mapping DNA interactions with a certain protein in the entire genome.
At one point, the study of in vivo genome-wide protein-DNA interactions and chromatin modifications required approximately 10 million cells for an individual test.
The latest breakthrough comes from Lu collaboration with Kai Tan at the University of Iowa, a systems biologist and associate professor of internal medicine.
and that are so short that the biomolecule structure is imaged before it is destroyed. This capability allowed the team to create the three-dimensional image of the arrestin-rhodopsin complex at an atomic level a much higher resolution than is possible with conventional X-ray technologyfemtosecond X-ray pulses are almost unfathomably brief.
researchers Nadia Zatsepin and Stella Lisova from the Department of physics as well as the graduate students Shibom Basu, Jesse Coe, Chelsie Conrad and Shatabdi Roy-Chowdhury from the Department of chemistry and Biochemistry,
assistant professor in the Department of chemistry and Biochemistry and member of the Center for Applied Structural Discovery. his study provides important clues about how we can improve human health
MIT is negotiating an exclusive license agreement with Lyndra, an early-stage biotechnology company developing novel oral drug-delivery systems,
scientists have devised a new strategy to precisely modify human T cells using the genome-editing system known as CRISPR/Cas9.
and inexpensively edit genetic information in virtually any organism. T cells, which circulate in the blood, are an obvious candidate for medical applications of the technology,
But in practice, editing T cell genomes with CRISPR/Cas9 has proved surprisingly difficult, said Alexander Marson, Phd, a UCSF Sandler Fellow,
said that the research is a significant step forward in bringing the power of CRISPR/Cas9 editing to human biology
and allows new genetic sequences to be inserted, has generally been introduced into cells using viruses or circular bits of DNA called plasmids.
(or nock in specific new sequences to correct mutations in T cells. As will be reported online in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of July 27
so there increasing clinical infrastructure that we could potentially piggyback on as we work out more details of genome editing,
#Scientists create functional liver cells from stem cells Major implications for liver biology and drug discovery The liver plays a critical role in human metabolism.
in research published on the cover of the July edition of Hepatology, scientists from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering report that they produced large amounts of functional liver cells from human
can detect the toxic effect of over a dozen drugs with greater than 97%accuracy. he implications for liver biology
said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology,
and Bioengineering (grants U01eb15521 and R01eb007615), the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, the Walkabout Foundation and the Russian Scientific Fund. hese encouraging results provide continued evidence that spinal cord injury may no longer mean a lifelong sentence of paralysis
director of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. he potential to offer a life-changing therapy to patients without requiring surgery would be a major advance;
It a wonderful example of the power that comes from combining advances in basic biological research with technological innovation. dgerton estimates that cost to patients of the new approach could be one-tenth the cost of treatment using the surgical epidural stimulator
and is director of the laboratory of movement physiology at Russia Pavlov Institute and a researcher in the UCLA department of integrative biology and physiology,
differing by specific changes in the genetic material of the leukemia cells, but also by their response to therapies.
which occurs due to breakage and aberrant fusion of genetic material in the tumour cells, resulting in the formation of a new oncogenic protein encoded by parts of the genes TCF3 and HLF, respectively (TCF3-HLF-positive leukemia cells).
An international group of clinicians and scientists from different universities and research institutions, among them the Berlin-based Max Planck Institute for Molecular genetics (Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Hans Lehrach, group
With the aim of identifying therapeutic entry points for this incurable form of ALL THE consortium team decoded both the genome and the transcriptome of the cancer cells,
and an altered gene expression program leads to a reprogramming of leukemic cells to an early, stem-cell like, developmental stage,
. director of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at NIH. he potential to offer a life-changing therapy to patients without requiring surgery would be a major advance;
It a wonderful example of the power that comes from combining advances in basic biological research with technological innovation. he study was conducted by a team of researchers at the University of California, Los angeles;
The team was led by V. Reggie Edgerton, Ph d.,a distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology at UCLA and Yury Gerasimenko, Ph d.,director of the laboratory of movement physiology at Pavlov Institute and a researcher
in UCLA Department of Integrative biology and Physiology. They reported their results in the Journal of Neurotrauma.
but the researchers expect expenses to drop over time (as has been the case with genome sequencing).
called Ribo-T, was created in the laboratories of Alexander Mankin, director of the UIC College of Pharmacy Center for Biomolecular Sciences,
The engineered ribosome may enable the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and lead to a better understanding of how ribosomes function.
called Ribo-T, was created in the laboratories of Alexander Mankin, director of the UIC College of Pharmacy Center for Biomolecular Sciences,
and Northwestern Michael Jewett, assistant professor of chemical and biological engineering. The human-made ribosome may be able to be manipulated in the laboratory to do things natural ribosomes cannot do.
or producing designer therapeutics and perhaps one day even non-biological polymers. No one has developed ever something of this nature. e felt like there was a small very small chance Ribo-T could work
Jewett. ur new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering,
a professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard university. Existing implantable electrodes are too large and rigid,
The new nanoelectronic eshstructure that Lieber group has designed is much more like the biological tissue it is meant to interface with,
and Canadian researchers has managed to successfully sequence the full genome of a living organism using a machine the size of a smartphone called the Minion.
"It's amazing,"added Luiz Ozaki from the Center from the Study of Biological Complexity,
and get a genetic sequence right there.""The drawbacks identified so far revolve around accuracy-the data it produces is currently less accurate than the data produced by a larger machine,
and develop ways to reconstruct complete genomes off this tiny sequencer, "he said. Once proven, it's hoped that the device could be used to sequence tumour genomes,
giving the option of more personalised diagnosis and treatment to cancer patients.""It's not ready for prime time yet,
"said Gregory Buck, also from the Center from the Study of Biological Complexity.""We want to see it work,
#Scientists are turning your gut cells into computers A team of biological engineers at the Massachusetts institute of technology are turning the cells in our guts into computers.
"We hope our work provides inspiration for more research into the development of materials that mimic biological organisms."
and look at their genomes we can recognize many equivalences, said molecular biologist Edward Marcotte of the University of Texas at Austin who led the new study. n fact,
there are thousands of genes shared between humans and yeast. These shared genes may appear similar,
For example, the sets of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and in the proteasome complexhe cell garbage disposalere almost all replaceable,
#Optogenetics Meets CRISPR The CRISPR gene-editing system just got even better: a new light-activated Cas9 nuclease could offer researchers greater spatial and temporal control over the RNA-guided nuclease activity,
according to a study published today (June 15) in Nature Biotechnology. his is an effective new system for extremely precise control of gene editing via light, Paul Knoepfler, a stem cell biologist at the University of California, Davis,
and control of genetic modification is an important advance, he added, noting that his is one of many such efforts.
using its Magnet proteins to create a photoactivatable Cas9 nuclease (pacas9) for light-controlled genome editing. he existing Cas9 does not allow to modify genome of a small subset of cells in tissue, such as neurons in the brain,
We have been interested in the development of a powerful tool that enables spatial and temporal control of genome editing.
Sato said. he new study makes use of the split Cas9 architecture to enable light-activated genome editing,
Sato group now plans to expand the colors of light that can activate the pacas9 nuclease o make genome editing more flexible
hotoactivatable CRISPR-Cas9 for optogenetic genome editing, Nature Biotechnology, doi: 10.1038/nbt. 3245,2015 d
#Tasty Visuals To help those with visual impairments make out the shape and movement of objects, a company has developed a device that takes visual information
said Shu Yang, a professor in Penn Engineering departments of Materials science and engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
an observation that could have important implications with the increased attention to immune-system-based cancer therapies. e are only at the beginning of our quest to understand the role and biology of CTC clusters,
from Strathclyde Department of Biomedical engineering, has developed the innovative system, known as Majicast, to manufacture lower limb prosthetic sockets that fit prostheses securely to patientsresidual limbs.
Three-dimensional structures in materials and biological samples can be investigated using X-ray tomography, which is done by recording images layer-by-layer
our biological and technological distinctiveness will be added to our own. Resistance is futile. But in reality, Clune says,
ntil now we thought that spider silk was the strongest biological material because of its super-strength
when designing new structures but with so many biological structures to consider, it can take time to discover which may be useful.
#White house unveils $215 million plan to develop patient-specific medical treatments The White house unveiled a"Precision Medicine Initiative"today a $215 million investment that will go toward building a database containing genetic information
The investment, one that part of President Obama 2016 budget proposal, will also go toward pioneering new models for patient-specific medical research research that caters to a specific patient needs based on their genetics instead of relying on a one-size-fits-all
or more volunteers"whose genetic information will be stored in a series of databases. About $70 million will go to the National Cancer Institute, a subsection of the NIH,
so it can increase its efforts to identify genetic mutations that contribute to a person's cancer risk.
The Genetic information Nondiscrimination Act was signed into law in 2008 to prevent genetic discrimination from happening,
says Michael Eisen, a geneticist at the University of California, Berkeley.""I worry that this $200 million will ultimately come from basic research funding,
a professor of biochemistry in the College of Agriculture and Life sciences. There's so much information to sift through that it was simply too daunting of a numbers game.
"The mosquito genome is like an unfinished puzzle""Jake and his students found a way to look in those pieces
what's referred to as the"black hole"of the genome regions full of duplicate information that are extremely hard to sequence.
and eventually exploit this male-determining factor by using transgenics, essentially changing this specific gene in mosquitoes on a deep enough cellular level that they pass it on to any offspring."
researchers detail how sequencing genetic information in sperm can show whether a man is infertile. The scientists looked at the sperm RNA,
which carries essential genetic information. But around 20 years ago, Krawetz and his research team discovered that sperm also house RNA
Since sperm RNA correspond to genes in a child genome, the researchers may be able to study these sequences to see
synthetic biologist at Northwestern University and a co-author of the study. These ribosomes could be tailored to only make a certain type of molecule,
Farren Isaacs, a cellular biologist at Yale university, agrees. The study is"a key advance,"that"sets the stage for the production of entirely new classes of exotic molecules."
a molecular biologist at the University of Illinois at Chicago and a co-author of the study."
"The technology has been developed by a team of bioengineers led by Ozgur Sahin at Columbia University by making use of the property of bacterial spores,
Finette, 58, is a professor of pediatrics, microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Vermont College of Medicine and director of the Global Health and Humanitarian Opportunity Program.
Ed Boyden, an associate professor of biological engineering and brain and cognitive sciences at MIT, and the lead author of the study,
move around, do things that biological muscles do added Solomon. If the technology of microbots attains success on a large scale,
which initially focused on filtering biological contaminants from groundwater to make it potable. She joined MIT Mechanical engineering assistant professor Amos Winter's laboratory in 2012,
The ultraviolet light from the sun rays are used to kill biological contaminants in the water. While similar desalination technologies have already been discovered,
#After Celgene Deal, Juno Revs Armored CAR For Ovarian Cancer Trial Juno Therapeutics has built remarkable momentumncluding last week much-dissected $1 billion deal with Celgenepon
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