The International space station is an international science laboratory in low Earth orbit where astronauts conduct scientific research in biology, human biology, astronomy, meteorology and other fields in a gravity-free environment.
"Rasmussen holds a Phd in chemistry, specialty polymer chemistry, from Virginia Tech and a master's degree in biology, specialty biophysics, from Purdue University.
One such instrument is the gas chromatography system used in a number of scientific, medical,
has used a National Science Foundation award to develop a credit-card-sized gas chromatography platform that can analyze volatile compounds within seconds."
He explained that the research community has pursued more actively"the hybrid integrated approach"for the development of micro gas chromatography system
"The manual assembly of the individual components is really a cumbersome job and increases the overall weight and footprint of the micro gas chromatography system.
the hybrid integrated approach is inconsistent with the purpose of micro gas chromatography research since further improvement in terms of size, cost,
and performance can be achieved by the single chip or monolithic integration of micro gas chromatography components"he added.
and Dr. Hamza Shakeel (Rawalpindi, Pakistan), developed a unique gas chromatography-on-chip module.""The experimental results are really encouraging
"The gas chromatography on-a-chip provides highly efficient separations and detection, reduced analysis times using temperature and flow programming,
as well as fast detection response times suitable for high-speed gas chromatography.""The system's reliability was also impressive.
The new SEG can be applied to a wide-variety of wearable energy harvesters to transduce biomechanical-stretching energy from the body (or machines) to electrical energy.
Researchers say that being able to control the production of the biofilm in agricultural products could enable improved protection for plants.
The study, funded by the Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council, is published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"Dr Nicola Stanley-Wall, of the University of Dundee's Division of Molecular Microbiology, said:"
when biologists and physicists work together on a problem of mutual interest.""Explore further: Antibiotics give rise to new communities of harmful bacteria More information:
Researcher finds keys to genome integrity Maintaining the stability and the correct sequence of our genetic information is vital to the accurate transmission of our genetic code.
However, in the course of replicating, our DNA frequently runs into roadblocks, arising from both internal and external sources,
that threaten the fidelity of our genetic information. The accurate processing of these roadblocks is paramount to genome integrity.
Defects in this process can lead to cancer, genetic problems and premature aging. In a research paper published in the Journal of Cell biology, Alessandro Vindigni, Ph d.,professor in the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology at Saint louis University
shares a discovery that explains how cells use a process called replication fork reversal in order to deal with these roadblocks and transmit accurate genetic data.
Improper repair of DNA lesions can lead to mutations, abnormal chromosome structures, or loss of genetic information that in turn can cause premature aging, cancer, and genetic abnormalities.
Depending on the degree of genome instability these alterations will determine whether a cell survives, goes into a growth-arrest state, or dies.
If the cell's replication machinery collides with the lesion, a strand break can occur."
because they often carry mutations in DNA repair genes essential for the repair of these collisions.
"In addition to the paper published in the Journal of Cell biology, the journal also published a discussion that explains Vindigni's work:
Vindigni's group also contributed to a second paper that was published as back-to-back in the same issue of the Journal of Cell biology on the role of a key homologous recombination factor in the formation of reversed replication forks:
The experiment seeks to understand how the effects how physical forces such as gravity affect the biochemistry of bone cells
"Our technology is now also being adopted widely by many other scientists for a multitude of different applications in many different areas of cells biology in both academic and industrial research.
developed by Albert Einstein College of Medicine biologist Robert Singer, uses fluorescent probes made of DNA
"Single-molecule FISH has made enormous contributions to our understanding of cell biology, "says Zhuang. But what if scientists could simultaneously image not just 30,
The ability to image hundreds to thousands of different RNA species in individual cells allows many interesting biological questions to be addressed.
The technique will also allow researchers to examine gene expression in individual cells without removing them from tissue,
#Novel online bioinformatics tool significantly reduces time of multiple genome analysis UK research collaboration develops a new bioinformatics pipeline that enables automated primer design for multiple genome species
Crop breeding programmes can make use of this genetic information to ensure that the preferred trait is inherited by future crop yields,
However, the majority of tools for the analysis of DNA are designed for diploid organisms, such as humans, with one set of chromosomes,
. which has multiple sets of chromosomes. Scientists from The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) and John Innes Centre have developed a bioinformatics pipeline
Polymarker that facilitates the design of genomic specific primers for polyploid species. Once identified, these primers can be used to ascertain
whether or not an individual organism has associated the genetic variation with a given trait. As an open access tool, researchers and crop breeders can submit their own data to Polymarker
and the online tool will return suggested design primers to identify genetic variations that tag vital traits in their crop samples,
and applied in a research project where it identified genetic markers that signal resistance to the wheat yellow rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici).
In one new software tool, we have applied expertise in advanced algorithm development, knowledge on genetics and principles of genome architecture."
A fast polyploid primer design pipeline"is published in Bioinformatics s
#Tiny terahertz accelerator could rival huge free-electron lasers Physicists in the US, Germany and Canada have built a miniature particle accelerator that uses terahertz radiation instead of radio waves to create pulses of high-energy electrons.
where he also leads the Wearable Biorobotics research group. He is a member of the National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine in the East midlands,
MIT is negotiating an exclusive license agreement with Lyndra, an early-stage biotechnology company developing novel oral drug-delivery systems,
the researchers unveil how one of a battery of chemical warfare agents used by the immune system to fight off infection can itself create DNA mutations that lead to cancer.
a research associate in the Department of Biological engineering at MIT, and the paper lead author.
and James Fox all professors of biological engineering at MIT had identified the presence of a lesion,
says John Essigmann, the William R. 1956) and Betsy P. Leitch Professor in Residence Professor of Chemistry, Toxicology and Biological engineering at MIT,
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
the researchers first placed the 5clc lesion at a specific site within the genome of a bacterial virus. They then replicated the virus within the cell.
the 5clc instead paired with an adenine base around 5 percent of the time a medically relevant mutation frequency, according to Essigmann.
the researchers replicated the genome containing the lesion with a variety of different types of polymerase,
and causes the same kind of mutations seen within cells, Fedeles says. hat gave us confidence that this phenomenon would in fact happen in human cells containing high levels of 5clc.
the C-to-T mutation characteristic of 5clc is extremely common, and is present in more than 50 percent of mutagenic ignatures,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
many of these C-to-T mutations may be caused by 5clc, possibly in correlation with other types of mutations as part of these mutational signatures,
says the paper provides a novel mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. ith a combination of biochemical,
genetic, and structural biology approaches, the researchers have found that 5-chlorocytosine is intrinsically miscoding during DNA replication
and it could give rise to significant frequencies of C-to-T mutation, a type of mutation that is frequently observed in human cancers,
Wang says. Studies of tissue samples of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease have found significant levels of 5clc,
the researchers predict that accumulation of the lesions would increase the mutation rate of a cell up to 30-fold,
an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, who was involved not in this work. o me,
said Jeffrey Fredberg, professor of bioengineering and physiology at the Harvard Chan School and one of the senior authors of the study,
a Yale postdoctoral researcher in applied physics. xamples include more sensitive biological and chemical sensors, lasers with higher output power,
In addition to Mooney, the team included Georg Duda, a Wyss associate faculty member and director of the Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration at Charité Universitätsmedizin in Berlin,
Mooney is also the Robert P. Pinkas Family Professor of Bioengineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences.
that was wrapped around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
that was wrapped around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
Kills Cancer cells Biological engineers from MIT have designed a modular system of proteins that can detect a particular DNA sequence in a cell
says James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT Department of Biological engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science (IMES).
a professor of biotechnology and bioengineering at The swiss Federal Institute of technology in Zurich, described this experiment as an legant proof of conceptthat could lead to greatly improved treatments for viral infection. entinel designer cells engineered with the DNA sense
whether genetic material has been delivered successfully to cells that scientists are trying to genetically alter. Cells that did not receive the new gene could be induced to undergo cell death,
or to study the 3-D structure of normal chromosomes by testing whether two genes located far from each other on a chromosome fold in such a way that they end up next to each other,
the researchers say
#Bioadhesive Nanoparticles Help Protect Your Skin From the Sun Dermatologists from Yale university have developed a new sunscreen made with bioadhesive nanoparticles that doesn penetrate the skin,
the Goizueta Foundation Professor of Biomedical engineering. anoparticles are large enough to keep from going through the skin surface,
Yang Deng, a postdoctoral associate in biomedical engineering, and Yale medical student Asiri Ediriwickrema were co-first authors of the paper.
who is in the Department of Biomedical engineering; and Julia Lewis, from the Department of Dermatology.
Indeed, bioinformatic analysis led him to predict the existence of a mysterious protein: COCO, a ecombinationalhuman molecule that is normally expressed within photoreceptors during their development.
said Conor Walsh, a contributing author of the study, a Wyss Institute core faculty member, an assistant professor of mechanical and biomedical engineering AT SEAS,
when you combine some biomimicry, metamaterials and nanowires? It turns out to be integrated the first circularly polarized light detector on a silicon chip.
or right handed determines their biological activity. For instance, there is the famous case of thalidomide, which in one chirality alleviates morning sickness in pregnant women and in the other causes birth defects.
But pediatricians typically can scan an infant entire genome and analyze it for clues quickly enough to make a difference in the baby treatment.
and analyze the entire genome of a critically ill infant to find a diagnosis that can significantly alter the course of treatment.
In a new study published in Genome Medicine, pediatricians explained how hardware and software specialized for genetic analysis can provide such fast and lifesaving information.
The key piece of technology: A processor from the company Edico Genome that designed to handle the big data of genetics.
Lead researcher Stephen Kingsmore, a pediatrician and genomics expert at Children Mercy Hospital in Kansas city, explains that doctors typically run targeted genetic tests for specific diseases
Such tests check a few specific spots on the genome, looking for disease-causing mutations. But with more than 8000 possible genetic diseases, such tests eren really relevant to clinical care, he tells IEEE Spectrum.
Whole-genome sequencing is a different matter entirely. These scans check for mutations at each of the 3. 2 billion locations on the human genome.
Remarkably while it took $3 billion to sequence the first human genome, it can now be done for about $1000 a pop.
That cheap enough to make economic sense in medical emergencies, like those encountered in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Kingsmore 26-hour diagnostic pipeline starts with the machines that do the brute-force work of sorting through an individual baby genome.
This task is like putting together a 3-billion-piece jigsaw puzzle without looking at the picture on the box.
came from the technology that analyzed each infant genome. That task is like taking the completed 3-billion-piece jigsaw puzzle
Using Edico Genome DRAGEN processor, the researchers got this step down from 15 hours to 40 minutes.
the researchers had a file listing all the mutations in a sick baby genome. After that, Kingsmore team used in-house software to search through the mutations for those associated with a disease that matched the baby symptoms.
These programs an almost make an instant diagnosis, says Kingsmore, noting that Children Mercy is going to make its software packages available as freeware by the end of the year.
In a prior study, Kingsmore team used whole-genome sequencing for 35 sick infants, and diagnosed a genetic disease in 20 of those babies.
In other cases, the genome scan allowed doctors to rule out diseases, which Kingsmore says can be equally valuable. octor always worry:
But if a certain disease-associated mutation isn found, doctors needn give justin-case treatments.
says Pieter van Rooyen, CEO of Edico Genome. The data comes from the sequencing machine in a particular file format,
Its algorithms are tailor-made to identify genetic mutations, and while these identification processes are ticking along the data is constantly being compressed
every infant born in the developed world will have sequenced its genome in the hospital.?It just a matter of time before clinical genomics will be with us everywhere,
from genome sequencing to diagnosis, doesn alarm Kingsmore. In fact, he thinks it will be necessary if we want to make use of today best genetic technologies:
Most tech innovation in agriculture was concentrated narrowly in biotechnology and seed genetics, and both investment and innovation was limited to players with close ties to the ag sector.
Outside of seed genetics and crop inputs, most other Agtech was bundled typically with Cleantech. Then, in 2013, there was a shift.
and the sector is described often as being more horizontal than vertical (we tracked 16 subcategoriess diverse as biotech,
and plant trait company Arcadia Biosciences recently filed a $86 million IPO. And in what might seem like a jump-the-shark moment while still in the first inning
Foldit, a research project out of the University of Washington Center for Game Science in collaboration with the UW Department of Biochemistry,
Screen Shot 2015-05-04 at 7. 24.34 AM Liquidity tech has been verified third-party by Biovir Laboratories, a microbiological testing facility, that it meets the EPA standard of 99.9999
#Biometric Security: From Selfies To Walking Gaits Oren Levy is CEO of Zooz. The payments industry, facing the risk of increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks
and various types of credit card fraud, has begun incorporating various types of biometric technology to enhance security
Mastercard imminent transition to biometrics was preceded by Apple Pay launching in October 2014 of a biometric payment technology based on fingerprint ID. The newest iphone models are equipped with Apple Touch
the stage seems to be set for the large-scale adoption of biometric technology. While the payments industry is currently working full steam on various forms of biometric technology aimed at thwarting ever-increasing security breaches in payments technologies,
biometrics have been around for quite a while, and the technologies take different forms. Back in 1665, Marcello Malphighi was credited with the discovery of the unique patterns of fingerprints.
In 1880, Dr. Henry Faulds, a Scottish surgeon, published a paper on how fingerprints can be used for identification.
Today, most mainstream biometric recognition is based on fingerprint, palm, iris, facial and voice recognition. Alongside these physiological recognition methods come behavioral biometrics that can recognize a person based on his
or her typing rhythm (called keystroke dynamics) or walking gait (which is based on an individual movement patterns).
Behavioral biometrics are considered currently less reliable than the physiological system, but as this technology is still in its early stages,
Many law enforcement agencies and governments are already using biometric technology because it affords a higher level of security against cyber attacks than other protection methods.
The newfound availability of biometric technology for mobile and cloud-based platforms raises the security bar further.
Nevertheless, while there are many who hail biometrics as a game changer, others believe that in its current form it does not provide the necessary level of security to prevent identity theft.
Qualcomm Technologies recently announced the development of the first comprehensive mobile biometric solution based on ultrasonic technology.
which would prevent hackers from replicating fingerprints or other biometric methods. This type of technology would have the ability to detect
if the real biometric is physically present. Researchers are seeking to create an optimal arrangement of biometrics
and tokenization layers that will ensure high-level security. The ultimate solution technology may involve using a mixture of several forms of biometric authentication,
such as skin temperature, palm veins and voice recognition. Increased security is not the only consideration
when discussing the advantages of biometrics. Imagine a world in which there is no need to remember a slew of passwords and PINS for various sites.
biometrics could enable merchants to identify valued customers, as well as known shoplifters, as soon as they enter a brick-and-mortar store.
Charges would automatically be referred to the customer biometric-based records. This type of technology could merge with the personalized omni-channel shopping experience that merchants are currently striving to create for their customers.
cloud, banking and payments industries must prepare themselves for the shift from traditional authentication methods to the new biometric systems.
Once biometric technology is perfected and becomes cost-effective, its widespread deployment could save merchants and banks millions of dollars and provide high-level protection against cyber attacks.
However, when it comes to the extensive use of biometrics in the payments industry, the biggest hurdle to overcome is widespread adoption.
Retailers and consumers will need to concur on the best form of biometric payments before passwords can become obsolete s
Like biological evolution, the robots mother could look out for the best traits in her children,
Each of the robots carries a"genome""made up of different genes, like humans do.
"Our findings provide a genetic marker that could be used to identify those RA patients who require more aggressive treatments
"but are, in fact, important in regulating gene expression.""Our results provide novel insights into the regulation of early embryonic development in human,"added Outi Hovatta, professor at Karolinska Institutet's department of clinical science, intervention and technology.
and the biopharmaceutical company Metabolic Solutions Development Co. The company is involved in clinical trials that are evaluating the drug compound MSDC-0602 as a treatment for diabetes.
Lead author James Timmons, from King's college London, UK, said that the discovery provides the first robust molecular'signature'of biological age in humans
The study is published in the open-access journal Genome Biology y
#Researchers identify many molecular machines critical for species development A new study shows a common molecular tool kit shared by organisms across the tree of life
and a variety of biochemical building blocks. It is a major advance towards synthetic photosynthesis, a type of solar power based on the ability of plants to transform sunlight,
In a roundtable discussion on his recent breakthroughs and the future of synthetic photosynthesis, Peidong Yang, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley said his hybrid inorganic/biological systems give researchers new tools
"said Thomas moore, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Arizona State university. Ultimately, researchers hope to create an entirely synthetic system that is more robust and efficient than its natural counterpart.
when they published a paper describing attempts to edit the genomes of human embryos. Led by Junjiu Huang of Sun yat-sen University, Guangzhou,
when scientists found a strange thing in bacteria genomes. There were these repeating sequences with no known use.
Genetics was still developing and the scientists thought no more of this. Sometime later it was found that these CRISPR sequences were used by bacteria to ward off predatory viruses. The mechanism was unravelled
and manipulated for performing cut-andpaste functions on genomes. And the control was fantastic. You could precisely snip off a bit of DNA from a gene
or replace genetic material in a cell or organism.""What this means is: first, a piece of RNA is created for unzipping a DNA strand at the target site;
Its CEO Katrine Bosley said they are working to translate the promise of CRISPRCAS9 genome editing technology into a new class of medicines to treat serious, genetically driven diseases."
who earned his doctorate in biomedical engineering at Rutgers University. The lab-on-chip device, which employs microfluidics technology,
"said Ghodbane, who now works in biopharmaceutical research and development at Glaxosmithkline. The breakthrough also requires one-tenth of the chemicals used in a conventional multiplex immunoassay,
"said Martin Yarmush, professor of biomedical engineering at Rutgers University. Until now, animal research on central nervous system disorders, such as spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease, has been limited
and their metabolism in animals,"said Joseph Falkinham, a professor of microbiology in the College of Science and an affiliate of the Virginia Tech Centre for Drug Discovery.
In a first, an Indian American researcher from Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California has developed a new way to selectively activate brain,
The new method-which uses the same type of waves used in medical sonograms-may have advantages over the light-based approach-known as optogenetics-particularly
In optogenetics, researchers add light-sensitive channel proteins to neurons they wish to study. By shining a focused laser on the cells,
I think we have shot a better with noninvasive sonogenetics approaches than with optogenetics, "he emphasised in a paper appeared in the journal Nature Communications.
The research team developed a bioreactor using a viscous fluid made partly of substances found in the walls of mushrooms
wrapped around a 3d object about the size of a few biological cells and arbitrarily shaped with multiple bumps and dents.
The current gold standard for Ebola virus detection relies on a method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the virus's genetic material for detection.
nontarget biomolecules were washed off, and the bound targets were released then by heating, labelled with fluorescent markers,
and bioplastics (derived from renewable biomass sources such as corn or biogas methane). As part of a"cradle-to-cradle"approach, the researchers will explore the fate of these materials
and bioplastics (derived from renewable biomass sources such as corn or biogas methane). As part of a"cradle-to-cradle"approach, the researchers will explore the fate of these materials
In a series of experiments in breast cancer cell lines and transgenic mice that develop breast cancer as adults,
or plastic replicas of organs most 3d bioprinted innovations will easily take years before reaching patients.
But despite all the 3d printed organ replicas, bioprinted innovations and even plastic hand prosthetics out there, the reality is that very few are available to a broad public.
unlike smooth titanium or other biomaterials such as PEEK, has been associated in preclinical data with bone growth (osteoblastic) activity.
This means that the patient own bone could grow within and throughout the bioprinted implant.
#Oxman Revolutionizes Biomanufacturing with Living, 3d printed Wearable If a Makerbot Replicator 3d printer can be used in pharmacological research labs for advances studies on how to administer cancer fighting drugs,
The next step for the professor was to introduce living matter. e live in a special time, alongside the latest advances in computational design, materials engineering, synthetic biology, and additive manufacturing
it is clear that the incorporation of synthetic biology in 3d printed products for wearable microbiomes will enable the transition from designs that are inspired By nature,
3d Bioprinted Carbon nanotubes Used to Stimulate Bone Regrowth How do you 3d print bone? A couple of years ago,
and polymers are used widely as bone regenerators and biocompatible functional materials in tissue engineering, as they are very similar to the natural bone tissue,
by adding conducting CNTS into the bioprinted polymer and mineral prosthetic bone implant, you can stimulate the regrowth of the actual bone cells.
Perhaps one of the most curious aspects is that bioprinting CNTS created no additional difficulties,
and the team are enthusiastic about the possibilities offered by bioprinting. They have been working on the design of bioceramic-based bone grafting materials
and scaffolds for regenerative biomedicine that will speed up bone regrowth, while the polymer-based support dissolves efficiently.
These research lines also involve the production and study of bioceramic systems for the controlled release of biotechnological and antitumoral species
nanoparticles and biocompatible matrices for biotechnological applications. Moreover, they are pioneers in the application of silica-based ordered mesoporous materials,
as release systems of biologically active species, cell encapsulation in silica porous materials, mesoporous materials for gene therapy and transfection, organic-inorganic hybrid materials.
but all the signs are there that bioprinting is one of the ways if not the best way to go forward in many if not all regenerative medicine applications m
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