"said Reuben Shaw, a senior author of the paper, professor in the Molecular and Cell biology Laboratory at the Salk Institute and a Howard hughes medical institute Early Career Scientist."
when we combined Reuben's deep understanding of the fundamental biology of autophagy with our chemical expertise,"says Cosford."
"Our study has great biological and medical significance, particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,"explained senior author Manoj Duraisingh, Ph d.,professor of Immunology and Infectious diseases at the T. H. Chan School of Public health."
"In addition to a possible drug target, calcineurin underlies a very basic aspect of parasite biology. l
Unlike recent advances in personalized medicine that focus on specific genetic mutations associated with different types of cancer,
In a paper (ell-cell communication in yeast using auxin biosynthesis and auxin responsive CRISPR transcription factors published in the American Chemical Society's ACS Synthetic biology journal,
the researchers describe a novel cell-to-cell communication system that enables one yeast cell to regulate the expression of genes and influence the behavior of an entirely separate yeast cell.
"said senior author Eric Klavins, Ph d.,a UW associate professor of electrical engineering and of bioengineering. It might also enable engineered yeast to perform complicated behaviors that coordinated multicellular systems such as our immune system can accomplish,
though, the team spearheaded by lead authors Arjun Khakhar, a UW doctoral student in bioengineering, and Nicholas J. Bolten, a UW doctoral student in electrical engineering, simply wanted to see
'"Synthetic biologists, who assemble genetic parts in new ways with the goal of popping them into an organism to produce reliable behaviors,
With co-author and UW associate biology professor Jennifer Nemhauser, Ph d, . the UW team figured out how to make a sender yeast cell produce auxin,
making auxin a potentially useful tool in designing gene therapies or other applications without adverse reactions in humans.
#Epigenetics Opens Potential Pathway to Treating Glioblastoma Scientists at the University of California, San diego School of medicine and Moores Cancer Center led an international team that discovered that cancer stem cell properties are determined by epigenetic changes.
The study, which was carried out on human tumor samples and mouse models, is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This epigenetic activity helps explain how glioblastoma can resist treatment. In addition drugs that modify LSD1 levels could provide a new approach to treating glioblastoma, according to the researchers.
This observation suggested that epigenetics, rather than specific DNA sequences, determines tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cancer stem cells."
and non-tumorigenic states in glioblastoma that are determined by epigenetic regulation, "said senior author Clark Chen, M d.,Ph d,
Probing further, Dr. Chen's team discovered that the epigenetic factor determining whether or not glioblastoma cells can proliferate indefinitely as cancer stem cells is their relative abundance of LSD1,
"Dr. Chen and one of the study's first authors, Jie Li, Ph d.,note that the epigenetic changes driving glioblastoma are similar to those that take place during normal human development."
epigenetic changes help make a liver cell different from a brain cell, "said Dr. Li, an assistant project scientist in Chen's lab."Our results indicate that the same programming processes determine
#DNA"Spare tire"Gets Genome on Road to Repair Certain parts of the genome that are especially vulnerable to damage nonetheless contribute to a crucial,
How does the genome keep rolling along? It not calling AAA. According to scientists at the University of Utah and the University of Vermont, DNA contains an extra set of guanines,
In fact, this spare can help the genome steer clear of cancer. Various kinds of damage can happen to DNA,
One common way that our genetic material can be harmed is from a phenomenon called oxidative stress.
The Utah and Vermont researchers hypothesized that genome instability due to damaged G was counteracted somehow. They scanned the sequences of known human oncogenes associated with cancer,
and repair of oxidized bases in promoter regions may constitute an additional example of epigenetic modification, in this case of guanine bases,
to regulate gene expression in which the G4 sequences act as sensors of oxidative stress e
#New Cell Structure Finding Might Lead to Novel Cancer Therapies University of Warwick scientists in the U k. say they have discovered a cell structure
such as those of the breast and bladder, according to Stephen Royle, Ph d.,team leader and associate professor and senior Cancer Research UK Fellow at the division of biomedical cell biology at Warwick Medical school."
"As a cell biologist you dream of finding a new structure in cells but it's so unlikely.
A cell needs to share chromosomes accurately when it divides otherwise the two new cells can end up with the wrong number of chromosomes (aneuploidy)
which has been linked to a range of tumors in different body organs. The mitotic spindle is responsible for sharing the chromosomes
and the researchers at the university believe that the mesh is needed to give structural support.
and cells had trouble sharing chromosomes during division. According to Emma Smith, Ph d.,from Cancer Research UK, his early research provides the first glimpse of a structure that helps share out a cell's chromosomes correctly
when it divides, and it might be a crucial insight into why this process becomes faulty in cancer
which appears in Biomaterials, say their dissolvable patch could make vaccination easier, safer, and less painful.
Additionally, 14-3-3s demonstrated a suppressive effect on cancer glycolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as a range of other major metabolic processes of tumors."
and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients,"explained Dr. Lee.""These results highlight that 14-3-3s is an important regulator of tumor metabolism,
In plants as in animals and humans, intricate molecular networks regulate important biological functions, such as development and stress responses.
which is linked to several vital biological functions in humans. The team study (tructural basis for recognition of diverse transcriptional repressors by the TOPLESS family of corepressors appears in Science Advances."
both on its own and when linked with other molecules responsible for turning genes off, thereby regulating gene expression.
#Biopharma Demand Is Driving the Cell Culture Market The production of biologic therapies such as vaccines, blood factors,
but accelerating, a phenomenon that is reflected in the timing of biopharmaceutical product launches: Since the first biopharmaceutical drug Humulin was launched in 1982 to the beginning of this decade (between 1982 and 2009 27 year period),
there were 117 biopharmaceutical approvals. That an impressive number, but there have been 67 approvals between 2010 and 2014 four year period.
Roughly speaking, biopharmaceutical product launches increased from around 4 to nearly 17 approvals per year. Biopharmaceutical production is increasing not only through the introduction of novel therapeutics,
but also through the introduction of biosimilars or generic biopharmaceuticals, which can be manufactured by several companies.
The market for cell cultures is expected to grow rapidly alongside biopharmaceuticals and with significant evolution in culture technology.
Cell Line Trends Many biopharmaceuticals are produced by bacteria especially the species Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. E coli has been studied in microbiology laboratories for many years
and was the first organism to have its entire genome mapped. It is inexpensive to cultivate,
it replicates quickly, and it serves as a good model organismhat is, it provides an example of how other similar life forms will behaveuch as how they grow
and reproduce, and what makes them deteriorate or die. Bacterial culture is the workhorse of the biotechnology industry.
Animal cells are much more fragile than yeast and bacterial cells. They are often much larger than microorganisms
and live in a collective as part of organs or tissues within complex anatomical systems. Animal cells are held together by a delicate membrane
The rising stakes and production levels of companies active in biopharmaceuticals have dictated improved reproducibility or consistency in product;
The biopharmaceutical industry shift away from animal-derived culture products is expected to continue, particularly given the ascension of mammalian cell lines in biopharmaceutical production.
Serum-free media is the more complex composition designed for universal use in culturing mammalian cell lines.
Working and Master Cell Banks Once a biopharmaceutical company obtains a beginning cell bank from a cell culture collection,
Genetic engineering may also be used to alter an animal cell line preferred growing conditions. For example, an animal cell line that naturally prefers to grow attached to a surface can be adapted to grow suspended in liquid,
The performance of a fermentor or bioreactor is governed by thermodynamics (such as the solubility of oxygen in the medium), microkinetics (such as cell growth and product formation),
in particular single-use disposable production systems, are dramatically lowering building costs of biomanufacturing plants. In the near term
In the longer term, biomanufacturing expansion will extend into South america, Eastern europe, and Africa. Market Drivers An important driver of the cell culture market is the production of seasonal influenza vaccines,
The engineered ribosome may enable the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and lead to a better understanding of how ribosomes function, according to the researchers.
The artificial ribosome, called Ribo-T, was created in the laboratories of Alexander Mankin, Ph d.,director of the UIC College of Pharmacy's Center for Biomolecular Sciences
and Northwestern's Michael Jewett, Ph d.,assistant professor of chemical and biological engineering. The human-made ribosome may be able to be manipulated in the laboratory to do things natural ribosomes cannot do.
and perhaps one day even non-biological polymers, point out Dr. Mankin.""We felt like there was a very small chance Ribo-T could work,
"Our new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering."
#Merck-Newlink Genetics Ebola Vaccine Shows 100%Efficacy in Phase III Trial Merck & co. and Newlink Genetics said today that a single dose of their Ebola vaccine candidate rvsv
and licensed to Newlink Genetics. To produce the vaccine, the vesicular stomatitis virus was weakened by removing a gene
during the West Africa outbreak of Ebola, Merck licensed exclusive rights to rvsv-ZEBOV from Newlink Genetics.
In February, Newlink Genetics said it received $20 million from Merck for achieving a key clinical development milestone.
Joining Merck, Newlink Genetics, and the Public health Agency of Canada in helping conduct the studies have been NIH and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,
Newlink Genetics released interim results on rvsv-ZEBOV the same day it disclosed its latest quarterly results.
#PCR Makes the Jump to Light speed The amplification of minute amounts of genetic material is the cornerstone of every molecular biology laboratory
Now, bioengineers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed new technology they believe will dramatically increase heating and cooling speeds with the switch of a light."
senior author Luke Lee Ph d.,professor of bioengineering at UCLA, Berkeley.""It is done usually in a lab
#Breakthrough bionic leg prosthesis controlled by subconscious thoughts Biomedical engineering company Össur has announced the successful development of a thought controlled bionic prosthetic leg.
whose genetic errors give rise to weaker defences against infections. The result is engineered a genetically virus with the ability to grow in cancer cells and blow them up from the inside.
and has understood a well genome that maps well to ours. It's also very small at around 2. 5 mm in length
when my biology classmate inhaled a little too much ether while mouth-pipetting. Using a beam of IR light invisible to the fly,
Associate professor of biology Mark Schnitzer and his team were even able to perform behavioral studies with the robot,
In this way, the fluidic computer may find applications in such areas as biology, chemistry, and other physical sciences and technology that use processes more akin to the properties of organization found in nature."
its design took out second place at the Venturewell BMEIDEA national design contest earlier this month as well as first place in the People's Choice Award at Johns Hopkins'Biomedical engineering Design Day 2015.
the secondary component of the ink (used as a binder) is a biocompatible, biodegradable and hyperelastic polyester (PLG) that,
while also being mechanically flexible and robust, biocompatible, neurogenically bioactive, biodegradable, and surgically friendly. The stretchiness of the material can be controlled by the percentage of binder used.
Bioengineers at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BHW) in Boston say they have overcome this problem by creating a hydrogel that becomes stronger only once it is exposed to light.
"says Nasim Annabi, PHD at BHW's Biomedical engineering Division.""In addition, the material can be used as a sealant,
a tool that could be used for biomolecular tests such as pregnancy or diabetes monitoring. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a process where a stream of light is directed onto a metallic film, with most,
along with the presence of certain trace gases and biomolecules. This has seen SPR commonly used in biosensing,
The findings were published in the journal Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions on Biomedical engineering.
and drugs when triggered remotely The field of optogenetics where individual brains cells are made to behave differently
and demonstrated an implantable, cellular-scale microfluidic and micro-optical interface to biology, with application opportunities not only in the brain but in other parts of the nervous system and other organs as well,"says the study co-author John Rogers,
there is much variation in the cells with some presenting mutations and others appearing normal and healthy.
The team's latest research into Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal cancer was published in the journal Nature Genetics.
said study author Dr Xianbiao Wang. e hope our work provides inspiration for more research into the development of materials that mimic biological organisms. r
opening the door much wider for printing biomolecules. The breakthrough comes courtesy of a purified silk protein called fibroin
to test the ability of the ink to carry small functional biomolecules. In addition to bio-sensing gloves that could react selectively to different pathological agents,
and a Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council award, was published in the Science Translational Medicine journal in April.
This performance gap between software and wetware persists despite some correspondence between the architecture of the leading machine learning algorithms and their biological counterparts in the brain,
according to the request, such that dedicated exascale funding at the four DOE crosscuts Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR), Basic energy Sciences (BES), Biological and Environmental Research (BER),
an aerogel, allowed them to make 3d structures, something that has been pursued for more than a decade.
To create their innovative wood-based aerogel material, scientists from KTH Royal Institute of technology and Stanford university started off by breaking down cellulose,
You can touch it without it breaking. he team then coated this spongy material with an ink that conducts electricity within the aerogel,
she said. he only exotic component is the carbon nanotube aerogel sheet used for the fiber sheath. o
A few years back while working as a postdoc in Vienna at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA
The scientists were trying to take the long-winding road from genetics to biology, which proved to be tedious and difficult.
Scientists can now directly study the biology of complex neurological disorders and from there nail down the responsible genes.
#New gene therapy could rewire the eye to help blind people see Scientists might be able to change the cells in blind people eyes,
Now, scientists hope that they can use gene therapy to transform nerves in the eye to replace those lost photoreceptors.
It is part of a new field called optogenetics which uses molecules from algae or other microorganisms that respond to light,
Optogenetics is a form of gene therapy and works by changing the makeup of the damaged cells.
it is not likely to cause the same kind of ethical and practical problems that blight work on other forms of gene therapy.
and this has got applications in chemistry, engineering, biology, medicine, so there's a lot of potential there and that's just for research purposes,
more effective use of biocompatible materials in repairing human tissues. Focusing on the difficult case of restoring cartilage,
hich means reinforcing a soft gel proteoglycans or, in our case, a biocompatible hydrogel with a network of very thin fibers.
The secret ingredient in Shah ink is a mix of biocompatible elastomer and fast-evaporating solvents.
be loaded with biomolecules such as therapeutic drugs. They expect that this platform of 3d printed programmable release capsules will be useful in applications such as dynamic tissue engineering, 3d printed drug delivery systems, synthetic/artificial tissues, programmable matter,
Another important application area could be combinatorial screening of biomolecular gradients drugs, toxins, pollutants, etc. against cell types. ur method provides us with robust control over particle properties,
and triggered temporal release of the biomolecular payload. a
#Micron3dp Announces Breakthrough in 3d printing of Liquid, Hot Glass Israel Micron3dp has announced a breakthrough in glass 3d printing.
The first project to utilise Optalysys technology starts next month in collaboration with The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) to build a genetic search system called GENESYS that will perform large-scale DNA sequence searches.
said Franco du Preez, a systems biologist and a founder of Lifeq. Over time, the system can identify qualitative trends such as the difference between someone having a jump in heart rate after a meal
Naturally curved, thin and flexible 3d structures are common in biology; examples include the circuits of brain cells and networks of veins.
and his colleagues want to create similarly complex devices that can wrap around these biological structures,
Bacteria often grab genes from other organisms and incorporate that DNA into their own genomes.
and the cholera bacterium absorbs the freed genetic material. The 9 Deadliest Viruses On earth Making these spikes in itself isn't that unusual,
a co-author of the research and an assistant professor of microbiology at the institute. Not every kind of cell can contribute DNA to cholera,
John Mekalanos, a professor of microbiology at the Harvard Medical school who was involved not in the new research,
Dan Moran, associate professor of biomedical engineering at Washington University in St louis, said he was a bit skeptical that the new prosthesis provided any finer motor control than already-developed methods of connecting with bionic arms through motor and premotor cortexes.
whose genomes had previously been sequenced. The researchers focused on the part of the VIRAL DNA that codes for the proteins that appear on the virus'surfaces,
Also, viruses with small genomes may be harder for the test to find, Kula said. The study was funded by the Howard hughes medical institute,
a biophysicist at Stanford university, told Live Science.""We flipped that idea on its head why can't we use computations to manipulate physical entities?"
"The technology has been developed by a team of bioengineers led by Ozgur Sahin at Columbia University by making use of the property of bacterial spores,
#Polymide aerogel combines toughness with light weight Claimed to be the first commercially available polyimide aerogel,
and toughness properties of plastic films with the insulation properties of aerogels, says Blueshift International Materials.
It can withstand extreme high temperatures as well as cryogenic temperatures, providing aerogel-level thermal conductivity and excellent acoustic insulation.
so we usually rely on materials that are naturally biocompatible. At MIT, researchers have discovered that the size
The hope is that this new application of optogenetics to voluntary muscles will help in medical research
Here we show direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (Chr2.
We demonstrate the utility of this approach by selectively stimulating with a light guide individual intralaryngeal muscles in explanted larynges from Chr2-transgenic mice,
Furthermore, systemic injection of adeno-associated virus into wild-type mice provides sufficient Chr2 expression for optogenetic opening of the vocal cords.
Thus, direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle generates large force and provides the distinct advantage of localized
Collagen has been considered a good candidate for such work due to its low toxicity and biocompatibility, but it been hard to shape it into formations that are structurally strong enough for many applications.
and smooth muscles cells and having the cells culture for a period of up to two weeks in a static bioreactor.
Following this, the resulting product was transferred to a rotating-wall bioreactor where an endothelium layer,
The device uses a droplet-based mass spectrometry technique that is able to spot even large biomolecules such as proteins
and deposited onto a spinal cord lesion in glial fibrillary acidic protein-luc transgenic mice (GFAP-luc mice). Overexpression of GFAP is an indicator of astrogliosis/neuroinflammation in CNS injury.
The big deal for clinical applications is that this technology may allow for chemical stimulation of neurological conditions triggered by naturally occurring biochemicals.
An organic electronic biomimetic neuron enables auto-regulated neuromodulationource: Karolinska Institutet u
#To Be prescribed Soon: Implantable Drug Releasing Microchips Over the past few years wee covered Microchips Biotech, an MIT spin out company that developed an implantable technology to release drugs inside the body in a controlled manner.
It been almost a decade since the technology has had initial development, but now it may finally see clinical light of day.
Now a partnership between scientists at University of Nottingham in the UK and Cornell University in New york have developed a way of printing bonelike biocompatible material at room temperature
because it was developed originally for studying optogenetics, a technique that uses genetic modification to make some cells sensitive to light
and then activating them using a light source. The drug delivery component is particularly interesting for clinical research,
since optogenetics is only practical for researchers studying biological processes. Yet, in laboratory studies, the combination of the two factors can help identify which compounds are promising neurological drug candidates.
and the chipsclear polymer allows scientists to watch the small-scale biological processes in real time. he organs-on-chips allow us to see biological mechanisms
The device works by integrating biological spores which can expand or contract like muscles when exposed to different levels of moisture. ngineered systems rarely,
despite myriad examples of such adaptations in the biological world, wrote lead author Xi Chen
"Working with Shaoqin"Sarah"Gong, a UW-Madison professor of biomedical engineering, Cai's group addressed two key barriers to using wood-derived materials in an electronics setting:
Bio-based materials are sustainable, biocompatible and biodegradable, "Gong says.""And, compared to other polymers,
Lead researcher Paul Hatton, Professor of Biomaterials Sciences at the University of Sheffield, said: icroorganisms can attach themselves to implants
The remaining particles degrade easily after disposal because of their biocompatible lignin core, limiting the risk to the environment."
"said Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the paper's corresponding author."
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
The nanoparticles were effective against all the bacteria. The method allows researchers the flexibility to change the nanoparticle recipe in order to target specific microbes.
The remaining particles degrade easily after disposal because of their biocompatible lignin core, limiting the risk to the environment."
"said Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the paper's corresponding author."
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
The nanoparticles were effective against all the bacteria. The method allows researchers the flexibility to change the nanoparticle recipe in order to target specific microbes.
To address these issues, Jae-Woong Jeong, Ph d.,a bioengineer formerly at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
the ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, data storage and organic light-emitting diodes.
the ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, data storage and organic light-emitting diodes.
and reduce damage on biomolecules and two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene March 18th, 2015graphene'gateway'discovery opens possibilities for improved energy technologies March 18th,
and Angel Mart, an assistant professor of chemistry and bioengineering and of materials science and nanoengineering at Rice.
and reduce damage on biomolecules and two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene March 18th, 2015news and information 30 years after C60:
and Shuvo Roy, a UCSF professor of bioengineering. Additional co-authors include Amy Liao and Monica Lin, both UC Berkeley Ph d. students in bioengineering;
and Yasser Khan, a UC Berkeley Ph d. student in electrical engineering and computer sciences, who fabricated the sensor array.
Invista Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State and the corresponding author of the paper describing the research,
and reduce damage on biomolecules and two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene March 18th, 2015rice fine-tunes quantum dots from coal:
"Backman is a professor of biomedical engineering at Northwestern's Mccormick School of engineering and Applied science. The study,
"The goal is to find specific biomarkers of aggressive cancers, "said Charles Brendler, MD, Co-Director of the John and Carol Walter Center for Urological Health & Program for Personalized Cancer Care at Northshore and author of the study."
"These biomarkers will allow us to individualize our treatment recommendations and improve patient outcomes.""To be able to give a patient a prognosis,
This assessment may represent a powerful biomarker to predict cancer progression for men with early-stage prostate cancer."
News and information Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th,
2015discoveries Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency: A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly
and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th, 2015sweet nanoparticles target stroke March 12th,
Study sheds light on why foreign STEM students stay in US or return home March 11th, 2015announcements Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th,
2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th,
Aerogel catalyst shows promise for fuel cells March 2nd, 2015simulating superconducting materials with ultracold atoms: Rice physicists build superconductor analog, observe antiferromagnetic order February 23rd, 2015aerospace/Space Anousheh Ansari Wins the National Space Society's Space Pioneer Award
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