Lights on--molecule on: Researchers from Dresden and Konstanz succeed in light-controlled molecule switching April 20th,
Black phosphorus reveals its secrets thanks to a scientific breakthrough made by a team from Universite de Montreal, Polytechnique Montreal and CNRS in France June 2nd, 2015new heterogeneous wavelength tunable laser diode for high-frequency
Columbia engineers and colleagues create bright, visible light emission from one-atom thick carbon June 15th, 2015energy Designer electronics out of the printer:
a simple but very sensitive sensor based on fluorescence spectroscopy was presented by using cadmium telluride quantum dots to quickly measure protamine drug.
low production cost and the availability of the devices required for tracing signal (fluorescence spectroscopy device) c
"Raman and infrared spectroscopy are the two tools that one uses to see molecular structure, "Bhargava said."
We use spectroscopy to confirm the formulation as well as visualize the delivery of the particles and drug molecules."
"We can make them glow at a certain wavelength and also we can tune them to release the drugs in the presence of the cellular environment.
our understanding of the role of infrared light in their lives is advanced much less. Our study shows that light invisible to the human eye does not necessarily mean that it does not play a crucial role for living organisms.
The project was triggered initially by wondering whether the antsconspicuous silvery coats were important in keeping them cool in blistering heat.
Yu team found that the answer to this question was much broader once they realized the important role of infrared light.
These hairs are highly reflective under the visible and near-infrared light i e.,, in the region of maximal solar radiation (the ants run at a speed of up to 0. 7 meters per second
including optical and infrared microscopy and spectroscopy experiments, thermodynamic experiments, and computer simulation and modeling. They are currently working on adapting the engineering lessons learned from the study of Saharan silver ants to create flat optical components,
and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light source--both DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
In graphene, infrared light launches ripples through the electrons at the surface of this metallike material called surface plasmon polaritons that the researchers were able to control using a simple electrical circuit.
Infrared light can also launch polaritons within a different type of two-dimensional crystal called hexagonal boron nitride.
a device made of hbn would confine phonon polaritons to a single narrow range of wavelengths and amplitudes.
As a result, this human-made material manipulates electromagnetic radiation-light-in ways never observed in natural materials.
Leti Experts also Will Speak at Techxpot Session on MEMS and STS Session on Lithography Cost-and-Productivity Issues Below 14nm June 22nd, 2015fabricating inexpensive, high-temp SQUIDS for future
Columbia engineers and colleagues create bright, visible light emission from one-atom thick carbon June 15th, 2015research partnerships Lancaster University revolutionary quantum technology research receives funding boost June 22nd, 2015fabricating inexpensive, high-temp SQUIDS for future electronic devices June 22nd,
size, and structure to facilitate desired interactions with light, electrical or magnetic fields, or chemical environment to provide unique functionality in a wide range of applications from energy to medicine.
Traditional displays like those on a mobile phone require a light source, filters and a glass plates.
flexible, color-changing displays that don need a light source their skin. ll manmade displays LCD, LED,
The new method doesn need its own light source. Rather, it reflects the ambient light around it. A thin liquid crystal layer is sandwiched over a metallic nanostructure shaped like a microscopic egg carton that absorbs some light wavelengths
and reflects others. The colors reflected can be controlled by the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer.
The interaction between liquid crystal molecules and plasmon waves on the nanostructured metallic surface played the key role in generating the polarization-independent
New technique combines electron microscopy and synchrotron X-rays to track chemical reactions under real operating conditions A team of scientists used a newly developed reaction chamber to combine x-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron microscopy for an unprecedented portrait of a common chemical reaction.
They conducted x-ray studies at the National Synchrotron Light source (NSLS) and electron microscopy at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), both DOE Office of Science User Facilities."
x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS. In XAS, a beam of x-rays bombards the catalyst sample and deposits energy as it passes through the micro-reactor.
and Raman spectroscopy--and plans to introduce other complex and complementary x-ray and electron probe techniques over time.
but its successor--the just-opened National Synchrotron Light source II (NSLS-II)--is 10,000 times brighter
"Through Laboratory Directed Research and development funding, we will be part of the initial experiments at the Submicron Resolution X-ray (SRX) Spectroscopy beamline this summer,
2015green Chemistry Methods Used in Iran to Produce Zinc oxide nanoparticles June 27th, 2015laser spectroscopy: A novel microscope for nanosystems June 25th, 2015iranian Researchers Synthesize Nanostructures with Controlled Shape, Structure June 25th, 2015discoveries June 29th, 2015efforts to Use Smart Nanocarriers to Cure Leukemia Yield
or two different objects, based on the intensity of scattered light. The scattered light is detected by a common photodiode,
and the signals are digitized, analyzed and used to calculate the positions of the samples. Crucially, the JILA team verified the stability of the technique by using the two lasers to make two separate, independent measurements of a single sample.
An international collaboration has succeeded in using synchrotron light to detect and record the complex 3-D magnetization in wound magnetic layers.
Using the X-ray microscope at the Advanced Light source and the X-ray Photoemission Electron microscopy (XPEEM) beamline at BESSY II,
However, so far only electron holography could be considered for mapping magnetic domains of three-dimensional objects at the nanometre scale.
or UV LIGHT) and more importantly, have a high rate of false-positive readings. Professor Paula Mendes said,
One advance was the demonstration, by strictly chemical means, of three-dimensional lithography. Existing lithographic techniques create features over flat surfaces.
This method also applies to the 3d lithography of many other semiconductor compounds.""This is a fundamentally new mechanism for etch mask
such as highly Efficient light Emitting Diodes (LEDS), lasers and radio frequency components for cooling purposes. Graphene-based film could also pave the way for faster, smaller, more energy efficient, sustainable high power electronics."
Focussing light to improve sensingthe researchers used graphene to improve on a well-known molecule-detection method:
infrared absorption spectroscopy. In the standard method, light is used to excite the molecules, which vibrate differently depending on their nature.
This"signature"can be"read"in the reflected light. This method is not effective, however, in detecting nanometrically-sized molecules.
The wavelength of the infrared photon directed at a molecule is around 6 microns (6, 000 nanometres),
It is very challenging to detect the vibration of such a small molecule in reflected light.
graphene is capable of focussing light on a precise spot on its surface and"hearing"the vibration of a nanometric molecule that is attached to it.
When the light arrives, the electrons in graphene nanostructures begin to oscillate. This phenomenon concentrates light into tiny spots,
which are comparable with the dimensions of the target molecules. It is then possible to detect nanometric compounds in proximity to the surface.
This is because graphene is an inert material for the elements to be detected and the reading mechanism uses light
as supported by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements and also by the fact that no anelastic behaviour could be observed under tension.
They showed how a single nanoresonator can manipulate light to cast a very large"reflection."
"Making an object look 10,000 times larger than its physical size has lots of implications in technologies related to light,
Much like sound, light can resonate, amplifying itself as the surrounding environment manipulates the physical properties of its wave energy.
which the wavelength of light is much larger than in a vacuum, which allows light waves to resonate more powerfully.
The device condenses light to a size smaller than its wavelength meaning it can gather a lot of light energy,
and then scatters the light over a very large area, harnessing its output for imaging applications that make microscopic particles appear huge."
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
"This research opens up a new way to manipulate the flow of light, and could enable new technologies in light sensing and solar energy conversion,
By shedding light on the fundamental physical processes involved in data storage the work may lead to better, faster computer memory systems with larger storage capacity.
"Today, nanosecond lasers--lasers that pulse light at one-billionth of a second--are used to record information on DVDS and Blu-ray disks,
by the duration of each"pulse"of light--and by how fast the material itself can shift from one state to the other.
Single-electron transport in molecular transistors has been studied previously using top-down approaches, such as lithography and break junctions.
2015delmic reports on a new review paper published in Nature Methods on Correlated Light & Electron microscopy from their user groups at the Universities of Delft and Groningen July 14th, 2015global Sol-Gel Nanocoatings Industry 2015:
but the drawback that it cannot easily absorb light when it is a large flat surface as used in Gap solar cells.
meaning that it emits light when electric current is run through it or when it is shot with a nondestructive laser.
when electrical current is passed through it. e were trying to make a vertically stacked light-emitting device based on monolayer Mos2,
So we followed this new lead to investigate the underlying mechanism and the potential of multilayer Mos2 in light-emitting devices.
with the goal of helping to create a new generation of light-emitting devices from two-dimensional layered materials,
New research from Rice university could make it easier for engineers to harness the power of light-capturing nanomaterials to boost the efficiency
In a study published July 13 in Nature Communications, scientists from Rice's Laboratory for Nanophotonics (LANP) describe a new method that solar-panel designers could use to incorporate light-capturing nanomaterials into future designs.
including metallic nanoparticles that convert light into plasmons, waves of electrons that flow like a fluid across the particles'surface.
"We can tune plasmonic structures to capture light across the entire solar spectrum, "Halas said."
The process is relatively faster, safer and green--devoid of any toxic substances (just graphite plus concentrated light.
#Reshaping the solar spectrum to turn light to electricity: UC Riverside researchers find a way to use the infrared region of the sun's spectrum to make solar cells more efficient A huge gain in this direction has now been made by a team of chemists at the University of California,
The cadmium selenide nanocrystals could convert visible wavelengths to ultraviolet photons, while the lead selenide nanocrystals could convert near-infrared photons to visible photons.
the researchers directed 980-nanometer infrared light at the hybrid material, which then generated upconverted orange yellow fluorescent 550-nanometer light,
almost doubling the energy of the incoming photons. The researchers were able to boost the upconversion process by up to three orders of magnitude by coating the cadmium selenide nanocrystals with organic ligands,
"This 550--nanometer light can be absorbed by any solar cell material, "Bardeen said.""The key to this research is the hybrid composite material--combining inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles with organic compounds.
Put simply, the inorganics in the composite material take light in; the organics get light out."
"The ability to move light energy from one wavelength to another, more useful region, for example, from red to blue, can impact any technology that involves photons as inputs or outputs,
The Utah engineers have developed an ultracompact beamsplitter--the smallest on record--for dividing light waves into two separate channels of information.
and shuttle data with light instead of electrons. Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Rajesh Menon and colleagues describe their invention today in the journal Nature Photonics Silicon photonics could significantly increase the power and speed of machines such as supercomputers
the photons of light must be converted to electrons before a router or computer can handle the information.
"With all light, computing can eventually be millions of times faster, "says Menon. To help do that, the U engineers created a much smaller form of a polarization beamsplitter
(which looks somewhat like a barcode) on top of a silicon chip that can split guided incoming light into its two components.
#Controlling light by pairing two exotic 2-D materials Researchers have found a way to couple the properties of different two-dimensional materials to provide an exceptional degree of control over light waves.
They say this has the potential to lead to new kinds of light detection, thermal-management systems,
Although the two materials are structurally similar both composed of hexagonal arrays of atoms that form two-dimensional sheets they each interact with light quite differently.
The hybrid material blocks light when a particular voltage is applied to the graphene while allowing a special kind of emission and propagation, called yperbolicity,
One of the consequences of this unusual behavior is that an extremely thin sheet of material can interact strongly with light,
while light interacting with hbn produces phonons. Fang and his colleagues found that when the materials are combined in a certain way,
The properties of the graphene allow precise control over light, while hbn provides very strong confinement and guidance of the light.
Combining the two makes it possible to create new etamaterialsthat marry the advantages of both,
The combined materials create a tuned system that can be adjusted to allow light only of certain specific wavelengths
comes from the ability to switch a light beam on and off at the material surface; because the material naturally works at near-infrared wavelengths, this could enable new avenues for infrared spectroscopy,
he says. t could even enable single-molecule resolution, Fang says, of biomolecules placed on the hybrid material surface.
says, his work represents significant progress on understanding tunable interactions of light in graphene-hbn.
They have developed the first light-emitting, transparent and flexible paper out of environmentally friendly materials via a simple, suction-filtration method.
#New anotechnology promises to make surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy simpler (Nanowerk News) From airport security detecting explosives to art historians authenticating paintings,
Given that, few sensing techniques can match the buzz created by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS.
Described in a research paper published today in the journal Advanced Materials Interfaces("Ultrabroadband Metasurface for Efficient light Trapping and Localization:
A Universal Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate for All Excitation Wavelengths"),the photonics advancement aims to improve our ability to detect trace amounts of molecules in diseases, chemical warfare agents, fraudulent
and measure chemical and biological molecules using a broadband nanostructure that traps wide range of light,
Unfortunately, traditional substrates are designed typically for only a very narrow range of wavelengths. This is problematic because different substrates are needed
because it can trap a wide range of wavelengths and squeeze them into very small gaps to create a strongly enhanced light field.
Instead of needing all these different substrates to measure Raman signals excited by different wavelengths, you'll eventually need just one.
The oscillations in the intensity of photoelectron signal for emission normal to the surface show how long light is trapped in the form of excitonic polarization during the coherent nonlinear interaction with the silver surface.
Detecting excitons in metals could provide clues on how light is converted into electrical and chemical energy in solar cells and plants.
in order to develop active elements for technologies such as optical communications by controlling how light is reflected from a metal.
When light reflects from a mirror, the light shakes the metals free electrons and the resulting acceleration of electrons creates a nearly perfect replica of the incident light providing a reflection.
This discovery sheds light on the primary excitonic response of solids which could allow quantum control of electrons in metals, semiconductors,
when irradiated with light or when irradiation was stopped, preventing highly accurate optogenetic control. Postdoctoral fellow Fuun Kawano, Associate professor Moritoshi Sato and their research group at the Graduate school of Arts
As a result, the research group succeeded in developing a small photoswitching protein controllable with a temporal resolution of seconds by irradiation with blue light.
Furthermore, the research group has demonstrated that Magnets can control the direction of cell motion (cell polarity) at will by blue light.
Ian Robinson, coordinator of the project said"Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging is an emerging X-ray technique with great potential for probing the dynamics of matter.
When these spirals are shrunk to sizes smaller than the wavelength of visible light, they develop unusual optical properties.
For example, when they are illuminated with infrared laser light, they emit visible blue light. A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate, but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
When infrared laser light strikes the tiny spirals it is absorbed by electrons in the gold arms.
so that some of them emit blue light at double the frequency of the incoming infrared light. This is similar to
The blue light is exactly an octave higher than the infrared the second harmonic. Computer simulation of the harmonic emissions produced by a nano-spiral
when it is being illuminated by infrared light. Image: Haglund Lab/Vanderbilt) The nano-spirals also have a distinctive response to polarized laser light.
Linearly polarized light, like that produced by a Polaroid filter, vibrates in a single plane.
When struck by such a light beam, the amount of blue light the nano-spirals emit varies as the angle of the plane of polarization is rotated through 360 degrees.
The effect is even more dramatic when circularly polarized laser light is used. In circularly polarized light, the polarization plane rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise.
When left-handed nano-spirals are illuminated with clockwise polarized light the amount of blue light produced is maximized
because the polarization pushes the electrons toward the center of the spiral. Counterclockwise polarized light,
on the other hand, produces a minimal amount of blue light because the polarization tends to push the electrons outward
so that the waves from all around the nano-spiral interfere destructively. The combination of the unique characteristics of their frequency doubling and response to polarized light provide the nano-spirals with a unique,
So far, Davidson has experimented with small arrays of gold nano-spirals on a glass substrate made using scanning electron-beam lithography.
QDS have attracted significant attention as potential components of next-generation solid-state light sources, including LEDS s
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
Glass, an amorphous material with an inherently disordered atomic structure, cannot meet these challenges, the researchers say.
Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light from being scattered as light signals are transmitted,
"We have made the equivalent of a wire to guide the light. With our crystal, it is possible to do this in 3d
so that the wire--the light--can curve and bend as it is transmitted. This gives us the potential of putting different components on different layers of glass."
and for steering light from one place to another as a supermarket scanner does. Ferroelectric crystals can also transform light from one frequency to another.
This makes it possible to send light through different channels.""""Other groups have made crystal in glass
but were not able to demonstrate quality, "says Jain.""With the quality of our crystal, we have crossed the threshold for the idea to be useful.
and where light is absorbed.""We can heat the glass only locally, "says Jain, "creating the desired conditions and causing the glass to melt,
"The nonlinear absorption of light, says Dierolf, depends on the intensity of light in selected areas."
"If you double the intensity of the laser, you might get 20 to 100 times more absorption.
Structural color occurs through the interaction of light with materials that have patterns on a tiny scale,
which reflect light to make some wavelengths brighter and others darker. The discoveries published in the journal ACS Nano("Bio-Inspired Structural Colors Produced via Self-Assembly of Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles")reflect a milestone in biomimicry research.
Abig cantilever cannot be made to oscillate by freely propagating light, and the effects of chemical changes to its surface on the oscillation frequency would be less noticeable.
and interpreting the diffraction patterns they create, says Linda Young, director of APSS X-ray Science Division (XSD).
Diffraction patterns are created when x-ray photons collide with the electrons of a target samplea specific atom or enzyme molecule, for instanceand scatter.
and provide an accurate interpretation of the data recorded in diffraction patterns, explains Phay Ho, an assistant physicist with APS.
All of the work with the XFEL was performed at the Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS) at Stanford universitys SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
issue of Physical Review Letters("Strong Asymmetric Charge Carrier Dependence in Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene Phonons").
The technique, called inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, elicits only a small blip that can be hard to pick out over more raucous disturbances."
using ultraviolet light. The end result is safe drinking water that also tastes good. Earlier this year, Wrights team won a grant from the United states Agency for International Development (USAID),
and the Diamond Light source in Oxfordshire, England. In the process, they discovered why the electrons are so fast and mobile.
and x-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light Sourceoth DOE Office of Science User Facilities.
#Mirrorlike display creates rich color pixels by harnessing ambient light (Nanowerk News) Using a simple structure comprising a mirror
researchers have developed a display technology that harnesses natural ambient light to produce an unprecedented range of colors
thus coloring the reflected light. The gap is controlled to produce nearly every conceivable color, not just the red, green,
"The incredibly efficient display is able to create a rich palette of colors using only ambient light for viewing,
"Harnessing Ambient light Typical color displays are essential yet power-hungry components of virtually every digital product with a human-machine interface, from cell phones and computers to home televisions and massive displays
Since even the most energy-efficient models require some form of backlighting, they can quickly draw-down a power supply.
engineers have been exploring ways to replace emissive technologies with displays that can reflect ambient light. Earlier attempts to create reflective light color displays,
however, presented a number of vexing problems. The designs required using three separate pixels to produce the red
Though adequate for certain applications, the fact that only one-third of the incoming light can be reflected back toward the viewer in a typical reflective RGB format limits the gamut of colors and brightness of the display.
The new display reported in Optica is able to overcome these hurdles by reflecting more of the incoming light
and enabling the full spectrum of visible light to be displayed, including bright white and deep black.
Hong and his colleagues were able achieve these results by using a property of light they call interferometric absorption to create a broad spectrum of colors.
The first layer consists of a thin absorbing material that lets most of the light pass through to the second mirror layer where it is reflected back upon itself.
With this design, the incoming light and the reflected light interfere with one another, producing a variety of standing waves with each component periodicity producing a unique color in the spectrum.
lithography and etching processes that are used to create liquid crystal displays.""Our goal is to improve the technology
with only the light behind you shining on the page
#Single-nanocatalyst water splitter produces clean-burning hydrogen 24/7 (Nanowerk News) Stanford university scientists have invented a low-cost water splitter that uses a single catalyst to produce both hydrogen
By using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and tiny scales sensitive enough to detect changes in mass of a millionth of a gram,
So they set about designing a nanostructure architecture that could provide more bang for the buck. Having previously used plasmonic materials to generate color prints at the optical diffraction limit by carefully varying the nanostructure size and spacing
We decided to extend our research to prints that would exhibit different images depending on the polarization of the incident light,
size, and structure to facilitate desired interactions with light, electrical or magnetic fields, or chemical environment to provide unique functionality in a wide range of applications from energy to medicine.
and at the same time achieves an optical resolution close to the fundamental diffraction limit. The possibility to study the optical properties of individual nanoparticles
This enhances the interaction between the light and the sample, and the signal becomes easily measurable,
Then, the corresponding quantities depend on the orientation of the polarization of light with respect to the symmetry axes of the particle.
from the characterization of nanomaterials and biological nanosystems to spectroscopy of quantum emitters s
#Sensors and drones: hi-tech sentinels for crops (Nanowerk News) Sensors and drones can be among the farmers'best friends,
Traditional displays like those on a mobile phone require a light source, filters and a glass plates.
flexible, color-changing displays that don need a light source their skin. ll manmade displays LCD, LED,
The new method doesn need its own light source. Rather, it reflects the ambient light around it. A thin liquid crystal layer is sandwiched over a metallic nanostructure shaped like a microscopic egg carton that absorbs some light wavelengths
and reflects others. The colors reflected can be controlled by the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer.
The interaction between liquid crystal molecules and plasmon waves on the nanostructured metallic surface played the key role in generating the polarization-independent
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