"Falk and colleagues in David Awschalom's IME research group invented a new technique that uses infrared light to align spins.
Instead, the research team used light to"cool"the nuclei. While nuclei do not themselves interact with light, certain imperfections,
or"color-centers,"in the Sic crystals do. The electron spins in these color centers can be cooled readily optically and aligned,
and the materials'ability to sense long wavelength infrared (LWIR) waves due to their small energy gaps. This particular electromagnetic spectral range of LWIR is important for a range of applications such as LIDAR (light radar) systems,
because they fit into the long wavelength-infrared light range and deliver properties that any other currently existing 2d materials cannot,
Professor Jim Williams, Professor Andrei Rode and Associate professor Jodie Bradbury with the complex electron diffraction patterns.
Using a combination of electron diffraction patterns and structure predictions, the team discovered the new materials have crystal structures that repeat every 12,
The movement of electrons caused by friction was able to generate enough energy to power the lights
The findings shed new light on a key attribute of stem cells: their ability to make new specialized cells
By shedding light on the fundamental physical processes involved in data storage the work may lead to better, faster computer memory systems with larger storage capacity.
"Today, nanosecond lasersasers that pulse light at one-billionth of a secondre used to record information on DVDS and Blu-ray disks,
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light use a microbead which flies through the hollow channel in the interior of a photonic crystal fibre to measure different physical quantities, for example the electric field along the optical fibre.
What is measured is how the light sent through the fibre is affected by an external factor.
so that light can no longer propagate therein, making them unsuitable to measure radioactivity. The glass fibres which we owe particular thanks to for high rates of data transmission
The difference in refractive index ensures that the light beam is reflected at the interface to the cladding.
which were invented around 20 years ago by Philip Russell, Director at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light,
The diameter of these channels is only a few times the wavelength of light, which means that the channels affect the propagation of the light.
More precisely, they trap light in the inner channel similar to the different types of glass in conventional optical fibres.
The tiny bead reflects the light like a small mirror and thereby experiences pressure from both sides
which is generated by the impacts of the light on the particle. By setting the power of the two laser beams to different strengths,
Wavelengths of the light behave in a similar way to the wavelength of the sound waves when emitted by moving objects.
which re-emit the radioactive radiation absorbed in the form of visible light. Information on the strength of the radioactivity at the location of the bead would then be provided by the changes in the intensity of the fluorescence.
and does not alter the brightness of light around a hidden object. The technology behind this cloak will have more applications than invisibility,
The idea behind cloaking is to change the scattering of electromagnetic waves--such as light and radar--off an object to make it less detectable to these wave frequencies.
It won't lose any intensity of the light that it reflects.""Many cloaks are lossy
and surface--appear flat by mimicking the reflection of light off the flat surface. Any object reflects light differently from a flat surface,
light from different points is reflected out of sync, effectively cancelling the overall distortion of light caused by the object's shape."
"This cloaking device basically fools the observer into thinking that there's a flat surface, "said Kant.
we were able to control the reflection of light at each point on the cloak,
They showed how a single nanoresonator can manipulate light to cast a very large"reflection."
"Making an object look 10,000 times larger than its physical size has lots of implications in technologies related to light,
Much like sound, light can resonate, amplifying itself as the surrounding environment manipulates the physical properties of its wave energy.
which the wavelength of light is much larger than in a vacuum, which allows light waves to resonate more powerfully.
The device condenses light to a size smaller than its wavelength meaning it can gather a lot of light energy,
and then scatters the light over a very large area, harnessing its output for imaging applications that make microscopic particles appear huge."
In addition, Yu envisions simply letting the resonator emit that energy in the form of infrared light toward the sky,
"This research opens up a new way to manipulate the flow of light, and could enable new technologies in light sensing and solar energy conversion,
"Microcavity To produce the room-temperature condensate, the team of researchers from Polytechnique and Imperial College first created a device that makes it possible for polaritons-hybrid quasiparticles that are part light
and then observed via the blue light it emits. Its dimensions can be comparable to that of a human hair, a gigantic size on the quantum scale.
but also wavelike behaviour with a wavelength inversely proportional to the object's velocity. Normally, this behaviour can only be observed at atomic length scales.
the team of researchers from Polytechnique and Imperial College first created a device that makes it possible for polaritons-hybrid quasiparticles that are part light
and then observed via the blue light it emits. Its dimensions can be comparable to that of a human hair, a gigantic size on the quantum scale."
Powerful transistors entirely powered by light are another possible application. The research team foresees that the next major challenge in developing such applications will be to obtain a lower particle-condensation threshold
While Day and Mankins study focused on the wires ability to absorb different wavelengths of light,
because they are sub-wavelength in size, absorb light very efficiently, Day explained. They act almost like optical antennas,
and funnel the light into them. Previous research has shown that different diameter wires absorb different wavelengths of light.
For example, very small diameters absorb blue light well, and larger diameters absorb green light. What we showed is
if you have this modulation along the structure we can have the best of both worlds and absorb both wavelengths on the same structure.
The new wires unusual light absorption abilities dont end there, though. By shrinking the space between the crystalline structures
Day and Mankin discovered that the wires not only absorb light at specific wavelengths, they also absorb light from other parts of the spectrum.
Its actually more than a simple additive effect, Day said. As you shrink the spacing down to distances smaller than about 400 nanometers,
it creates what are called grating modes, and we see these huge absorption peaks in the infrared.
What that means is that you could absorb the same amount of infrared light with these nanowires as you could with traditional silicon materials that are 100 times thicker.
This is a powerful discovery because previously if you wanted to use nanowires for photo-detection of green and blue light, youd need two wires,
Mankin said. Now we can shrink the amount of space a device might take up by having multiple functions in a single wire.
#Degrading BPA with visible light and a new hybrid nanoparticle photocatalyst Over the course of the last half century, BPA has gone from miracle to menace.
researchers have developed a new hybrid photocatalyst that can break down BPA using visible light. Their findings, published this week in the journal APL Materials("Reduced graphene oxide and Ag wrapped Tio2 photocatalyst for enhanced visible light photocatalysis),
"from AIP Publishing, could eventually be used to treat water supplies and to more safely dispose of BPA
The photocatalytic nanomaterial can be used to treat water using visible light. How the New Catalyst Works Their new material breaks down BPA through photocatalytic oxidation, a process in
which light activates an oxidizing chemical reaction. When light strikes a photocatalyst like titanium dioxide (Tio2) nanoparticles
it takes a great deal of energy to excite electrons from one level to another--and only displays photocatalytic properties under ultraviolet light.
The addition of silver also shifted the wavelength at which the photocatalyst became excited by inducing localized surface plasmon resonance effects--a phenomenon in
and enhance light absorption over a narrow range of wavelengths. In this case, the silver shifted the wavelength of light necessary to activate the photocatalyst towards the visible light spectrum."
"The inclusion of a noble metal like silver in the ultraviolet-responsive Tio2 has extended significantly the spectrum towards the visible light through localized surface plasmon resonance effects,
"said Pichiah Saravanan, a researcher from University of Malaya who lead the project. Then, they wrapped the Ag/Tio2 nanoparticles in sheets of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), a thin layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern.
When the researchers mixed the hybrid nanoparticles with BPA solution under an artificial visible light source
suggesting that both modifications played a role in the enhanced catalytic activity under visible light. Eventually, the team hopes to use their findings to help break down BPA and other contaminants in water supplies."
and ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to quickly isolate and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water.
Nanoparticles that lose their stability upon irradiation with light have been designed to extract endocrine disruptors, pesticides,
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells, and doesn penetrate through the skin.
When they learned that UV LIGHT was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
if they are already using UV LIGHT, maybe they could use our particles as well, Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. A trap for ater-fearingpollution The researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
But when exposed to UV LIGHT, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed, and now nrichedby the pollutants they form larger aggregates that can then be removed through filtration, sedimentation,
By irradiating the affected area with a pinpoint light beam, ultrasonic waves, and thermal neutrons, which can be administered safely to living organisms,
But first engineers must build a light source that can be turned on and off that rapidly.
Duke university researchers are now one step closer to such a light source. In a new study, a team from the Pratt School of engineering pushed semiconductor quantum dots to emit light at more than 90 billion gigahertz.
These oscillations create their own light, which reacts again with the free electrons. Energy trapped on the surface of the nanocube in this fashion is called a plasmon.
including the changing ph of the liquid, exposure to electromagnetic radiation, or the induction of mechanical stress-all of which can change the properties of a particular hydrogel designed to be responsive to those triggers."
Today, huge amounts of data are sent incredibly fast through fibre optic-cables cables as light pulses. For that purpose they first have to be converted from electrical signals,
In Bell's days it was a simple, very thin mirror that turned sound waves into modulated light.
In order to build the smallest possible modulator they first need to focus a light beam whose intensity they want to modulate into a very small volume.
however, dictate that such a volume cannot be smaller than the wavelength of the light itself.
Modern telecommunications use laser light with a wavelength of one and a half micrometers, which accordingly is the lower limit for the size of a modulator.
the light is turned first into so-called surface-plasmon-polaritons. Plasmon-polaritons are a combination of electromagnetic fields
The advantage of this detour is that plasmon-polaritons can be confined in a much smaller space than the light they originated from.
Refractive index changed from the outside In order to control the power of the light that exits the device,
After that, the plasmons are reconverted into light, which is fed into a fibre optic cable for further transmission.
or change how much light is reflected by 40 percent while requiring less power than other"all-optical"semiconductor devices. plasmonic oxide material This rendering depicts a new"plasmonic oxide material"that could make possible devices for optical communications that are at least 10 times faster than conventional
"Being able to modulate the amount of light reflected is necessary for potential industrial applications such as data transmission."
"Findings were detailed in a research paper appearing in July in the journal Optica("Epsilon-near-zero Al-doped Zno for ultrafast switching at telecom wavelengths"),published by the Optical
An optical transistor could perform a similar role for light instead of electricity, bringing far faster systems than now possible.
The switching speed of transistors is limited by how fast it takes conventional semiconductors such as silicon to complete this cycle of light to be absorbed,
patterns or elements that enable unprecedented control of light by harnessing clouds of electrons called surface plasmons.
which describes how much light will bend in that particular material and defines how much the speed of light slows down while passing through a material.
Doping the zinc oxide causes it to behave like a metal at certain wavelengths and like a dielectric at other wavelengths.
called ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealed that the reactivity with water is key to the whole process,
#Light switches on a DVD There could be more to DVDS than has been assumed to date. The material comprised of germanium, antimony and tellurium in
which data media store information may also be suitable as an extremely fast light switch for optical communication or data processing.
It is possible to distinguish clearly between the diffraction image of the crystal (left) and that of the amorphous material (right.
Crystalline GST reflects visible light. When it is hit by a pulse of infrared light, the optical properties change in less than 100 femtoseconds one femtosecond corresponds to a millionth part of a billionth of a second.
The material then reflects 10 percent less light, while its transparency increases by 40 percent.
As the images of the electron diffraction (grey rings) show, the crystalline structure is maintained here.
The crystal lattice needs just over five picoseconds to heat up so much that it melts. In this amorphous state, the material allows 70 percent of a light beam to pass.
If it were possible to extract the energy of the infrared laser pulse before the crystal has melted
Since they varied the interval between the two light pulses in the process they were able to,
According to the observations, more than five picoseconds this is a few millionths of a millionth of a second elapse after the exciting light pulse arrives before the crystal starts to melt.
In this way, he and his colleagues want to bring GST into a position where it can act as a light switch for optical data processing as well e
reportedly harvests the electromagnetic radiation transferring to and from mobile phones and converts it into direct current (DC) electrical energy,
Recent studies have cast a much brighter light on this underrated and extremely necessary vitamin.
In 1873, German physicist Ernst Abbe deduced that conventional optical microscopes cannot distinguish objects that are closer together than about 200 nanometres roughly half the shortest wavelength of visible light.
Anything closer than this'diffraction limit'appears as a blur. Super-resolution microscope methods overcome Abbe's limit by manipulating fluorescent molecules tethered to proteins
to better locate the source of the light the molecules emit. These methods can now discern objects that are as close together as about 20nm.
And there an enormous array of other neurological diseases, from autism to multiple sclerosis, that must be reconsidered in light of the presence of something science insisted did not exist u
Karagozler as people controlled lights or computer screens with finger strokes on a blue cloth covering a table in the display area behind him. t is just like normal fabric.
#Octopus has automatic camouflage thanks to its light-sensing skin Octopuses are pretty good at blending in,
which has skin that responds directly to light by producing deep brown spots for camouflage. Desmond Ramirez and Todd Oakley of the University of California at Santa barbara shone light on samples of skin from the octopus and within around 6 seconds,
the camouflaged brown spots appeared. They say this is the first time the skin of cephalopods invertebrates that include octopuses
and react to light by changing body colour. But finding that skin can do the job on its own suggests these creatures might have sensed originally light with their skin before they evolved their complex eyes.
The researchers say their discovery could provide clues as to how light sensing evolved in the animal kingdom l
The laser's wavelength doesn't harm human tissue, but is absorbed by hemozoin waste crystals that are produced by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
But Lapotko's team is confident it can overcome this effect by switching to a different wavelength of laser
#Infrared light speeds up healing by turbocharging our cells A near infrared laser beam makes it easier for a nanoscale probe to pass through water (Image:
Shining red light on skin or cells in a dish gives an instant energy boost that could help heal wounds,
the red light seems to alter the physical properties of water, which turbocharges the chemical reactions that provide a cell's energy.
''The effect on cells of near-infrared light, which has a wavelength of 670 nanometres, was reported first 40 years ago.
The light causes mitochondria, the cell's powerhouses, to produce more ATP, a compound that provides the cell's energy.
but we now know that it doesn't absorb light at quite the right frequency.
when surface layers of water are illuminated with the red light, it increases the distance between each water molecule,
the team measured the effect of near-infrared light on thin layers of water by examining the friction on a diamond probe as it pushed through water
"This is the first explanation of how the light might work.""Other research groups are investigating this phenomenon as a way to speed up the healing of skin wounds
whether red light shone into mice's heads using fibre optics can help with Parkinson's disease. A better understanding of how red light affects cells should make it easier to expand its medical uses,
says Sommer.""If we start from an incorrect model then everything is trial and error.""One of the next applications could be in helping couples undergoing IVF because of problems with male fertility.
Gagsteiger is now starting tests of irradiating sperm with the near-infrared light before fertilisation.""We hope this will increase the chance of the sperm finding the eggs,
#Living lasers made by injecting oil droplets into human cells Light fantastic (Image: Matja Humar and Seok Hyun Yun) Individual cells have been turned into tiny lasers. t actually super-easy,
Humar and his colleagues developed three ways to get cells to emit visible light. The first involved injecting each one with a tiny oil droplet,
Shining a light pulse on to the cavity excited the dye atoms into emitting light in a tightly focused beam.
but this produces a relatively broad range of wavelengths, making it difficult to distinguish between differently tagged cells.
However laser light is characterised by having an extremely narrow range of wavelengths. That means it is theoretically possible,
The Wistheat series can be customized fully to meet any demands on sensor array length, separation of sensor elements or choice of wavelength.
-and using less light than some existing infrared-based alignment procedures-the principles behind eyeselfie could also now be extended outside ophthalmology and into other sectors.
"a simple light pattern seen by the user and produced at their pupil. A novel interactive ray-based approach developed by the team allows images with the same field-of-view to be projected onto the retina simultaneously,
"This is the first demonstration of a class of static light-field patterns in which the perceived image changes with eye relief
"Furthermore, our light-field pattern can be incorporated readily into artificial reality headsets for self-calibration of near eye displays.
Emerging light-field-based near-eye displays could use such patterns for user alignment straight out of the box."
when electromagnetic radiation emitted by the target object is absorbed by the Q-Eye sensor, even down to the level of a single photon.
The microscope scans a sheet of light through the sample, making it unnecessary to position the sample
SCAPE yields data equivalent to conventional light-sheet microscopy, but using a single, stationary objective lens;
Conventional light-sheet microscopes use two orthogonal objectives and require that samples be fixed in a position.
"We have made the equivalent of a wire to guide the light, "said professor Volkmar Dierolf."
so that the wire the light can curve and bend as it is transmitted. This gives us the potential of putting different components on different layers of glass."
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
Glass, an amorphous material with an inherently disordered atomic structure, cannot meet these challenges, but crystals, with their highly ordered lattice structure, have the requisite optical qualities.
Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light signals from being scattered
and for steering light from one place to another as a supermarket scanner does said, "he."
"Ferroelectric crystals can also transform light from one frequency to another. This makes it possible to send light through different channels."
"The research was published in Scientific Reports (doi: 10.1038/srep10391. For more information, visit www1. lehigh. edu. Harsh Environments No Match for New Fiber Sensor Nanofiber Fabrication Boosts Quantum computing Sulfur Copolymers Boost IR Optics
#Graphene Filaments Provide Tunable On-Chip Light source Graphene Filaments Provide Tunable On-Chip Light Sourcenew YORK, June 15,
but the principle of light-emitting filaments may have a new use in displays and optical communications.
Researchers from the U s. and South korea collaborated to develop an on-chip visible light source using filaments made of graphene.
"This new type of broadband light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realization of atomically thin, flexible and transparent displays,
The ability to create light in small structures on the surface of a microchip is a crucial step towards the development of fully integrated photonic circuits.
but have not yet been able to put the oldest, simplest artificial light source the incandescent light bulb onto a chip.
so that less energy is needed to attain temperatures needed for visible light emission, "said Myung-Ho Bae, a senior researcher at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)."
"By measuring the spectrum of the light emitted from the graphene, the team was able to show that graphene was reaching temperatures of above 2500°Celsius,
"The visible light from atomically thin graphene is so intense that it is visible even to the naked eye,
and micrograph, bottom, of bright, visible light emission from suspended graphene. The spectrum of the emitted light showed peaks at specific wavelengths,
which the team discovered was due to interference between the light emitted directly from the graphene
and light reflecting off the silicon substrate and passing back through the graphene.""This is only possible
because graphene is transparent, unlike any conventional filament, and allows us to tune the emission spectrum by changing the distance to the substrate,
For more information, visit engineering. columbia. edu. Corning to Acquire Fiber optics Business from Samsung Camera Powered by the Light It Captures Microscope Takes 3-D Images From Inside Moving Subjects Technique
#Continuously Disinfecting Light Fixtures Commercialized Designed to continuously disinfect the air and surfaces in hospitals,
. the Indigo-Clean fixtures emit high-intensity narrow-spectrum (HINS) visible light at 405 nm, which produces a chemical reaction that kills bacteria from the inside,
A microbial contamination on a contact agar plate with a 405-nm light source in the background.
The lights can be used to inactivate a range of microorganisms that are known causes of hospital-acquired infections,
Continuous indigo light, on the other hand, is lethal to pathogens but safe for use in the presence of patients and staff.
And unlike other light-based disinfection systems it does not require a technician to operate.
#Boron Turns Graphene into Blue light Emitter FRANKFURT, Germany, July 14, 2015 Chemists at Goethe University Frankfurt have developed a new class of organic luminescent materials through the targeted introduction of boron
and scattering the light. In this way the device can determine blood glucose levels in about 30 seconds."
Human epithelial cells are imaged at 11 wavelengths from blue to red. The bottom right panel is a composite of all wavelength channels.
Based on single-lens designs, today's multispectral microscopes survey a single point at a time, and can do so with only a few color channels (typically four or five).
the researchers hope that Virscan can be used to quickly detect the bacteria and fungi to shed more light on the microbiome
Unlike the screen of a cellphone, this display does need not to produce its own light source.
and changes what wavelengths of ambient light are reflected or absorbed by the nanostructure. The team at the University of Central Florida created a 1mm-sized"Afghan Girl"image
and ambient light, said Chanda. ny surface where you want to change the color or the pattern,
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