#Superfast Lasers Create A Hologram You Can Touch The halls of science fiction are decorated well with dreams of hologramsules Verne introduced holography to literature in 1893 with The Castle of the Carpathians,
interactive holograms comprised of tiny points of light called voxels. Using femtosecond lasers (a femtosecond is a quadrillionth of a second,
the team can make holograms that are safe to touch. The images are three-dimensional, with resolutions up to 200,000 dots per second.
To create their hologram, researchers fired their femtosecond laser through a spatial light modulator, which continues the beam through a series of lenses, a mirror and a Galvano scanner,
A camera underneath the hologram captures user interaction, allowing the dots to respond to being ouched.
making the hologram exponentially safer than previously thought. The key to making these holograms safe is the shorter duration of the laser bursts.
In tests, if the lasers fired in more than two second bursts, they burnt the leather researchers used to simulate skin.
and now his team will work to make the holograms larger. Theye limited by the size of the spatial light modulator,
which is advanced comparable to special-purpose systems that can factor in depth information with infrared light. Although these special-purpose systems can be very accurate
Systems that use infrared light also have trouble working outside because of the difficult lighting conditions. he fact that you cannot use it outdoors makes it kind of impractical from a robotics standpoint,
It can provide immense energy to a precise location at a very specific wavelength, but it always fallen short in one regard:
lasers emit light at a single specific wavelength. Until now. A team from Arizona State university has built a white laser that simultaneously fires in red, green and blue, covering more than 90 percent of the colors perceptible to the human eye.
and blue light in different proportions, based on the light applied to each segment. The wavelength spans 191 nanometers,
which the study claims is reported the largest for a laser of this kind. Researchers rewthe material
Real color images, under low light, of a single laser beam. So, we have a white laser.
Wireless data transfer using light has already been demonstrated at blistering gigabit speeds using white LED LIGHTS.
because Li-Fi works by reading slight modulations of light, and lasers can be tuned far more finely than LEDS.
White light allows those signals to be transmitted over multiple areas of the color spectrum which is effectively adding more pathways for data to travel.
The ASU team calls their white laser he ultimate form of such a light
#New Sun-Blocking Material Uses Compounds From Algae And Fish Researchers have used compounds found in algae
The sunscreen you buy at your local pharmacy contains ingredients to block two different types of light from the sunv-A,
which has longer wavelengths and can cause cancer over time, and UV-B, with shorter wavelengths that cause sunburns.
But there are concerns about some of the chemicals in commercial sunscreens, which may disrupt some of the body's more delicate systems
Mycosporines absorb both types of light, and would be ingested safe if. Researchers have wanted to use mycosporines in sunblock for more than a decade,
#Anti-Radiation Glasses Protect Against Computer Eye Strain Zappi glasses are designed to protect the wearer eyes from the harmful light given off by digital devices such as smartphones, tablets and computers.
Zappi founder and CEO Andy Jones decided to help guard people eyes against the damage of UV and blue light.
All digital devices emit ultraviolet and artificial blue light so using technology at home and at work can take its toll on the eyes.
while blue-violet light reaches further into the retina and can cause the gradual degeneration of retinal cells.
Zappi computer and gaming eyewear guards against these two specific wavelengths by filtering out the artificial blue light and offering UV 400 protection.
which blocks 99.9 percent of harmful rays thanks to a special anti-reflective coating on both sides that filters out the harmful blue light.
instead, relying on kerosene generators, battery-powered lamps or candles for light during the night.
The saline solution in SALT IS significantly safer than other methods of producing light without a power grid.
Then a near infrared light is beamed on the target area which allows a surgeon wearing specialized glasses to see cancer cells glowing."
and shine lights on neurons inside the brain. Neuroscientists have until now been limited to injecting drugs through larger tubes
so that their neurons are lights sensitive, to stimulate the mice's brain cells with miniature LEDS.
The test subjects were made to stay on one side of a cage by remotely making the implant shine pulses of light on the specific cells.
The lights go out, the TV goes black, the computers shut down as their batteries drain. And worst of all-your smartphone dies.
since the early 1800's. Light a candle, fill the device with water, and you have a charger."
When these spirals are shrunk to sizes smaller than the wavelength of visible light, they develop unusual optical properties.
For example, when they are illuminated with infrared laser light, they emit visible blue light. A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
When infrared laser light strikes the tiny spirals, it is absorbed by electrons in the gold arms.
so that some of them emit blue light at double the frequency of the incoming infrared light. The spirals also have a distinctive response to polarized laser light.
Linearly polarized light, like that produced by a Polaroid filter, vibrates in a single plane.
When struck by such a light beam the amount of blue light the nano-spirals emit varies as the angle of the plane of polarization is rotated through 360 degrees.
The effect is even more dramatic when circularly polarized laser light is used. In circularly polarized light, the polarization plane rotates either clockwise or counterclockwise.
When left-handed nano-spirals are illuminated with clockwise polarized light, the amount of blue light produced is maximized
because the polarization pushes the electrons toward the center of the spiral. Counterclockwise polarized light,
on the other hand, produces a minimal amount of blue light because the polarization tends to push the electrons outward
so that the waves from all around the nano-spiral interfere destructively. he combination of the unique characteristics of their frequency doubling
and response to polarized light provide the nano-spirals with a unique, customizable signature that would be extremely difficult to counterfeit,
Anheuser-busch, for example, probably wants to make sure that every bottle of Bud Light tastes the same before it hits grocery and liquor store coolers.
"With all light, computing can eventually be millions of times faster, "Menon said. Menon and his team figured out how to take current beamsplitters,
they were still able to perform their most important function-splitting guided light beams into the chip two components.
A team of European researchers has announced just that they've set a new record by creating black silicon solar cells that can convert 22.1 percent of the Sun's light into electricity-an increase of almost four percent on their previous record.
thanks to their ability to suck up light even when the Sun was low in the sky."
which helps them absorb the most visible and infrared light possible. Once this light is captured, a quantum reaction occurs that results in the production of electrons.
But because of all those nano-ridges, the electrons tend to recombine with the photovoltaic surface of the black silicon,
Publishing in Nature Nanotechnology, the researchers report that their resulting cells are the most efficient black silicon solar cells to date, capable of turning 22.1 percent of available light into electricity."
and could help electric cars travel further on a single charge, thanks to their light and bendy structure.
#Light-based computers will be even more awesome than we thought Researchers have come up with an efficient way of transporting data between computer chips using light rather than electricity.
theye struggled to find an efficient way to transmit that light across the thousands of different connections,
In theory, light can be beamed between chips via silicon structures that bend it to the desired location,
Called'Light and Charge',these prototype street lights combine energy-efficient Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and BMW Chargenow recharging stations,
The team announced that it would be testing the Light and Charge system out in Munich, Germany next year,
and use a control panel on the light to swipe their charge card and register their use.
when the light is too low for the power cells. At $15, 000 per unit, the price tag might sound exorbitant,
Impressively, it also radiates heat out at specific infrared wavelengths that aren't absorbed by the atmosphere-allowing it to beam the heat directly into space."
#Researchers create holograms you can touch using high-powered lasers Three-dimensional, interactive holograms are now a reality,
thanks to researchers in Japan who have used powerful, ultra-quick lasers to produce holograms that can be physically felt
and respond to human touch. According to volunteers who have tested these interactive holograms, the mid-air mirages feel somewhere between sandpaper and a static shock.
They're made using tiny points of plasma light called voxels, that are created when the focused energy of a laser ionises the surrounding air.
That high speed means the holograms can respond in real-time to touches and add a level of interactivity with the help of a camera underneath,
Team leader Yoichi Ochiai says the hologram size is limited by the size of the spatial light modulator included in the setup,
but the potential is there once scientists work out how to make these holograms larger and more varied."
"The spatial light modulator can modify the phases of light rates and produce various spatial distributions of light based on interference,"explains the team from DNG."
"Our results led to calmer and safer plasma generation that can be incorporated into our daily lives."
the technique also uses Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography to etch the microscopic patterns required into each chip.
whereas LHCB conducted the search with the lights on, and from all angles,"the CERN release explains.
In 2013 the young start-up company Trilite Technologies had the idea to develop this new kind of display which sends beams of light directly to the viewers'eyes.
and fabricated a waveplate that can transform the polarization state of light, "said Zhi Hao Jiang,
For instance, if we transform linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, this could be useful in optical communication and biosensing."
and can achieve very wide broadband functionality in the visible to near infrared wavelength range.
Compatibility with the most advanced materials (e g. monocrystalline inorganics), fabrication methods (e g. photolithography) and processing techniques (e g. etching, deposition) from the semiconductor and photonics industries suggest many possibilities for achieving sophisticated classes of 3d electronic
Quantum information promises unbreakable encryption because quantum particles such as photons of light can be created in a way that intrinsically links them.
We can now imagine storing entangled light in separate crystals and then transporting them to different parts of the network thousands of kilometres apart.
including time-lapse crystallography and single-crystal spectroscopy, to slow down the reaction rate by nearly 10,000 times.
The researchers used time-lapse crystallography and single-crystal spectroscopy to observe intermediate steps of the reaction."
and shaping of light beams A team of engineers has developed a new acousto-optic device that can shape
and steer beams of light at speeds never before achieved. The new technology will enable better optical devices to be made,
so does the shape of the light beam. Professor Drinkwater from the Department of Mechanical engineering said:"
"What we have shown can be thought of as a form of optical holography where the hologram can be made in real time using sound.
which has given us much greater flexibility in the control we have over light with these devices."
or even fast and high power control of light beams for free space optical communications using orbital angular momentum to increase signal bandwidth,
and spatial light modulators (SLMS) are the common choice in a wide range of applications such as holography, optical tweezers and microscopy y
technique that focuses diffuse light inside a dynamic scattering medium containing living tissue. In addition they have improved the speed of optical focusing deep inside tissue by two orders of magnitude.
By detecting the wavefront of light emitted from the guide star they can determine an optimum phase pattern that allows scattered light moving along different paths to focus at the targeted location.
When light is shined into living biological tissue breathing and blood flow changes the optical interference or speckle pattern
Researchers use a type of mirror to record then time-reverse the ultrasound-modulated light emitted from the ultrasonic focus to achieve the best focus.
To overcome this obstacle the team used a fast-responding photorefractive crystal that is sensitive to light at the 790-nanometer wavelength making it suitable to focus light deep into biological tissue.
The new TRUE technology is able to focus light inside a dynamic medium with a speckle correlation time as short as 5. 6 milliseconds.
The improved speed allowed Wang to achieve the first optical focusing of diffuse light inside a scattering medium containing living biological tissue.
Going forward the team plans to implement the system in a reflection configuration where light is shined
The BSIT phenomenon permits light to travel in the forward direction while light traveling in the backward direction is absorbed strongly.
Light at certain wavelengths can be absorbed out of a thin optical waveguide by a microresonator
i e. we can make this system transparent again by adding another laser at a specially chosen wavelength nearby.
The effect occurs due to the interaction of the light with sound waves present in the material
but they are nonlinear devices requiring filtering of the scattered light. BSIT on the other hand is a linear nonreciprocal mechanism.
Physicists call this fast and slow light. Slow light techniques are extremely useful for quantum information storage and optical buffer applications.
Some day such buffers could be incorporated in quantum computers. While it is known already that the slow and fast light can be obtained using Brillouin scattering our device is far smaller
and uses far less power than any other previous demonstration by several orders-of-magnitude.
In their studies Bahl's research group uses the extremely minute forces exerted by light to generate
and transferring light signals to the brain for decoding. The causal mechanisms of this disease remain elusive.
However in light of time they decided to try regular Makerbot PLA Filament. The advantage of PLA is that it's used in all kinds of surgical implant devices says Dr. Smith.
which to convert light into power--more cost efficiently. The global PV market has experienced rapid growth in recent years due to renewable energy targets and CO2 EMISSION controls.
in converting light to power in a range of atmospheric conditions rather than just under direct sunlight.
%among the highest reported in the field of perovskite-based light-to-energy conversion devices. The cells demonstrate little cell-to-cell variability,
It relies upon the coherent combination of multiple semiconductor lasers each operating continuous-wave at different precisely defined frequencies (wavelengths.
light sources; a pump; and a microfluidics chip with a fluorometer, also developed at the University Hospital Zurich.
If UV LIGHT is beamed onto these spiropyran molecules, they alter their chemical structure and become charged (polar).
When irradiated with visible light, they revert to their original, neutral structure. As a result, the membrane"opens
"if irradiated with UV LIGHT and glucose molecules diffuse relatively easily through the membrane from the skin.
If irradiated with visible light, considerably fewer glucose molecules pass through the membrane. The measurement involves sticking the measuring head,
to the baby's skin and irradiating it with visible light; some glucose molecules diffuse through the membrane from the skin.
The process is repeated then with UV LIGHT. The computer then uses these two different readings to calculate the premature baby's blood sugar level.
"For antireflection applications, the idea is to prevent light or radio waves from bouncing at interfaces between materials,"said physicist Charles Black,
and we'd like to capture the light irrespective of the direction it comes from. But each color of light couples best with a different antireflection coating,
The surfaces of their compound eyes have textured patterns made of many tiny"posts,"each smaller than the wavelengths of light.
The resulting surface nanotexture served to gradually change the refractive index to drastically cut down on reflection of many wavelengths of light simultaneously, regardless of the direction of light impinging on the solar cell."
therefore make them very efficient at absorbing light. The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers--solar absorbers that don't rust
and do need not much cleaning. Guo's team had blasted previously materials with the lasers and turned them hydrophilic meaning they attract water.
and has a lower output (100 W). An electronic control system manages the flow of energy between the solar panel the wind turbine the battery and the light.
Data transmission via light could be the answer to the call for a faster and more energy efficient data flow on computer chips as well as between different board components.
Through optical fibres signal propagation is almost lossless and possible across various wavelengths simultaneously: a speed advantage
Neither element is very efficient as a light source however. They are classed among the indirect semiconductors.
In contrast to direct semiconductors they emit mostly heat and only a little light when excited.
Gesn absorbs and emits light in a wavelength range of about 3 micrometres. Many carbon compounds such as greenhouse gases
or biomolecules also display strong absorption lines at this boundary between near and mid-wavelength infrared.
While conventional light-sheet microscopes use two awkwardly positioned objective lenses Hillman realized that she could use a single-objective lens
However this approach has a fundamental limit known as the diffraction limit which means that it can't be used to visualize objects much smaller than the wavelength of the light being used.
For example if you are using blue-green light with a wavelength of 500 nanometers you can't see anything smaller than 250 nanometers.
Unfortunately in biology that's right where things get interesting says Boyden who is a member of MIT's Media Lab and Mcgovern Institute for Brain Research.
sheds light on how organisms evolve new morphological structures and functions.""For the first time, we have a good understanding of how something completely novel evolves in nature,
as they are able to show much finer details than visible light and their penetrating power allows you to see inside objects,
The size of the smallest details that can be resolved depends on the wavelength of the radiation used.
X-rays have very short wavelengths of only about 1 to 0. 01 nanometres (nm), compared to 400 to 800 nm for visible light.
A nanometre is a millionth of a millimetre. The high penetration of X-rays is favoured for three-dimensional tomographic imaging of objects such as biological cells
Specifically diode lasers bars in the wavelength range 930 to 970 nm are the fundamental building blocks for pump sources for Ytterbium-doped crystals in large laser facilities,
that must be reconsidered in light of the presence of something science insisted did not exist t
by using the molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) method*3. Then they carefully investigated the electronic structure of grown films by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)* 4 Fig. 2. In the ARPES measurement,
tuned to the daily cycle of light and dark, sends out signals that synchronize the molecular clocks ticking away in almost every cell and tissue of the body.
in order to measure light scattering patterns of individual bacteria, which can then be used to identify bacteria species for rural areas
fingerprint-like light scattering pattern for any given bacterial cell. They then applied software they designed to the analysis,
This was the first time anyone had applied machine learning to Fourier Transform light scattering data, Park said. They are now looking to extend their initial work to see
The researchers then beamed light through the holes to create the logo using no ink--only the interaction of the materials and light.
This allowed researchers to create different colors in the reflected light and thereby accurately reproduce the S&t athletic logo with nanoscale color palettes.
to prevent light from scattering as it is being transmitted and, second, to transmit and manipulate light signals fast enough to handle increasingly large quantities of data.
Glass, an amorphous material with an inherently disordered atomic structure, cannot meet these challenges, the researchers say.
Scientists have been attempting for years to make crystals in glass in order to prevent light from being scattered as light signals are transmitted,
"We have made the equivalent of a wire to guide the light. With our crystal, it is possible to do this in 3d
so that the wire--the light--can curve and bend as it is transmitted. This gives us the potential of putting different components on different layers of glass."
and for steering light from one place to another as a supermarket scanner does. Ferroelectric crystals can also transform light from one frequency to another.
This makes it possible to send light through different channels.""""Other groups have made crystal in glass
but were not able to demonstrate quality, "says Jain.""With the quality of our crystal, we have crossed the threshold for the idea to be useful.
and where light is absorbed.""We can heat the glass only locally, "says Jain, "creating the desired conditions and causing the glass to melt,
"The nonlinear absorption of light, says Dierolf, depends on the intensity of light in selected areas."
"If you double the intensity of the laser, you might get 20 to 100 times more absorption.
and National institutes of health in America has shed new light on how immune cells are programs to either repair
"Extremely compact devices such as this promise a revolution in our ability to manipulate photons coming from synchrotron light sources,
Only the light that is diffracted from the mirror goes on to hit the sample, and by adjusting the speed at
you will see flashes of light every time the wheel is at the perfect spot for sunlight to hit it.
and its applications in wider fields at next-generation light sources,"said Tetsuya Ishikawa, the director of the RIKEN SPRING-8 Center in Japan.
These include newly planned light source facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade.""Such small sources and tiny MEMS devices form an ideal combination to make 3-D X-ray ultrafast movies with nanometer resolution,"added Jin Wang, a senior scientist at the APS and one
the full performance at wavelength of a wedged MLL has been characterized and was found to agree well with calculations.
The need for this optics technology will grow with the construction of the next-generation of light sources
New synchrotron light sources using multi-bend achromat technology and X-ray Free electron lasers create much brighter X-rays with higher fluxes.
lead author and physicist at the National Synchrotron Light source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Currently, two types of diffractive X-ray optics tools are used:
traditional Fresnel zone plates made with lithography-based fabrication processes, and flat-zone MLLS. The initial tests on the first iteration of the new wedged MLL lens design demonstrated a factor of three improvement in overall efficiency at low energies over zone plates and a factor of five improvement in peak
when it is irradiated with light of a certain wavelength. When the chain reaction has run for a
Jeon's group, their light-emitting mechanisms were studied carefully by Prof. Cho's group with their transient spectroscopic technique,
so Cape town has a definite winter with low levels of the ultraviolet B wavelengths needed to produce precursor vitamin D3.
and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as UV curing and disinfection. A further application field is plant lighting, for
and manufactured a module enabling irradiation with UV-B light of a specific wavelength. In this particular case, LEDS emitting at a wavelength around 310 nm are used to stimulate health-promoting secondary metabolites in plants.
The optical power can be adjusted flexibly between 0 and 100%.%The novel concept was tested successfully in experiments at the Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ.
Arrayat the fair, the FBH exhibits novel dual-wavelength diode lasers that are suitable for use in miniaturized, portable laser measurement systems for Raman spectroscopy applications.
The laser sources alternatingly emit light from only one chip at two different stabilized wavelengths, which are defined by gratings implemented into the semiconductor chip.
Wavelength selection is realized by separately addressable sections within the laser. The innovative diode laser chip is ideally applicable for SERDS (Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy),
enabling to measure Raman spectra under real-world conditions even in highly fluorescent environments and when exposed to daylight.
Moreover, SERDS improves the detection limit by one order of magnitude compared to standard Raman spectroscopy. With these FBH tiny monolithic light sources on chip level, a compact SERDS measurement head that is only as small as a laser pointer was realized for the first time.
This device is the basis for a unique miniaturized and versatile SERDS spectroscopy system, enabling in-situ measurements in various security and health relevant fields including biology, medicine, food control, and pharmacy.
Applications in absorption spectroscopy and for generating terahertz radiation are also conceivable. Arrayfiber-coupled demonstrators newly developed at FBH for industrial use aim at integrating laser radiation with high spectral brightness into various systems
thus enabling easier usage. Now, efficient and compact laser sources are at hand emitting in the near-infrared on multi-watt level (CW operation) with a narrow-band spectrum and a stigmatic, nearly Gaussian laser beam
and packages, covering the wavelength range from 630 nm to 1180 nm. Single emitters with a stripe width of 90 m, for example, reach peak brilliance results with 3. 5 W/mm-mrad.
For rapid prototyping applications the FBH has developed DBR ridge waveguide (RW) lasers with 24 individually addressable emitters featuring a wavelength spacing>0. 3 nm and a spectral width<1 pm.
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