which includes antibodies peptides RNA and DNA to human patients. In a study appearing in the journal Integrative biology the researchers used this technology to identify materials that can efficiently deliver RNA to zebrafish and also to rodents.
which can be toxic so the parasite converts the iron into hemozoin a weakly paramagnetic crystallite.
whose production from raw ores can produce toxic residues, as a drawback. But by using recycled lead from old car batteries,
instead be used to divert toxic material from landfills and reuse it in photovoltaic panels that could go on producing power for decades.
Since this could expose miners and smelters to toxic fumes the introduction of recycling instead could provide immediate benefits,
and immunology at Cornell University who was not part of the research team. Now based on CRISPR we can modify genes in a shorter timeframe and with greatly enhanced precision.
oil-pipeline leaks can lead to toxic spills and prolonged, expensive cleanup operations. All of these systems could benefit significantly from improved leak-detection methods,
Seeing phages as better antimicrobial treatments than antibiotics to which biofilms and bacteria can build immunity Lu, Sample6 cofounder and now vice president of operations Michael Koeris,
they created an antibody mimic that has 130 amino acids, as well as a 113-amino-acid enzyme produced by bacteria.
but it could be possible to test samples for certain proteins using antibodies, say the researchers,
who are now developing such antibodies. hat could become part of a kit that doctors would use to distinguish a patient who has a tumor that going to metastasize,
To create the test strips the researchers first coated nitrocellulose paper with antibodies that can capture the peptides.
and are exposed to several invisible test lines made of other antibodies specific to different tags attached to the peptides.
#Hitchhiking vaccines boost immunity Many vaccines, including those for influenza, polio, and measles, consist of a killed or disabled version of a virus. However, for certain diseases,
or tagging them with antibodies specific to immune cells in the lymph nodes. However these strategies have had limited only success,
which is something you usually only see with vaccines delivered by viruses. The albumin-targeted vaccines provoked immune responses five to 10 times stronger than those generated by the peptide antigens alone.
#Creating synthetic antibodies MIT chemical engineers have developed a novel way to generate nanoparticles that can recognize specific molecules, opening up a new approach to building durable sensors for many different compounds
To create these ynthetic antibodies, the researchers used carbon nanotubes hollow, nanometer-thick cylinders made of carbon that naturally fluoresce
such as natural antibodies, that bind to a particular target. When the target is encountered, the carbon nanotube fluorescence brightens
or diabetes in living systems. his new technique gives us an unprecedented ability to recognize any target molecule by screening nanotube-polymer complexes to create synthetic analogs to antibody function,
Synthetic antibodies The new polymer-based sensors offer a synthetic design approach to the production of molecular recognition sites enabling, among other applications, the detection of a potentially infinite library of targets.
Moreover, this approach can provide a more durable alternative to coating sensors such as carbon nanotubes with actual antibodies,
does not require the use of antibodies or equivalent molecules to achieve specific molecule recognitions
During this process, the researchers can also load a fluorescent probe such as an antibody at one end of the dumbbell.
and we were intrigued very to observe that the DNA damage caused by this drug outside of the nucleus were highly toxic Kelley says.
Once the urine is collected the protein fragments can be identified by treating the sample with antibodies specific to peptide tags included in the fragments.
However testing samples with antibodies is much simpler and cheaper the researchers say. Rapid screeningbhatia says she envisions two possible applications for this kind of test.
Removing these toxic materials which include pesticides and endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) with existing methods is often expensive and time-consuming.
Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
minimizing the risks of leaving toxic secondary products to persist in, say, a body of water. nce they switch to this macro situation where theye big clumps,
but it does not contain toxic metals such as cadmium that are known to pose potential risks
a recently discovered urinary antigen and a potential biomarker for bladder cancer. The new tool could be used as a high-throughput screening platform to identify patients at risk of developing the urologic condition.
which target-seeking antibodies can be conjugated for assaying A1at (see image). The researchers first tested the immunoassay on a series of standard solutions containing A1at antigens at various concentrations in the range 10 to 1, 000 nanograms per milliliter.
They observed a'fingerprint'of A1at antigens spectral change in the 1, 850 to 2, 130 cm#1 region that increases with concentration.
The scientists then tried the immunoassay on urine samples from nine patients. They found significantly elevated levels of A1at in bladder cancer patients.
Their toxicity has been researched in general terms but now a team of Israeli scientists has for the first time found that exposure nanoparticles (NPS) of silicon dioxide (Sio2) can play a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Sio2 NPS are toxic to and have significant adverse effects on macrophages a type of white blood cell that take up lipids leading to atherosclerotic lesion development and its consequent cardiovascular events such as heart attack or stroke.
Here researchers have discovered for the first time that the toxicity of silicon dioxide nanoparticles has a significant and substantial effect on the accumulation of triglycerides in the macrophages at all exposure concentrations analyzed
and that they also increase oxidative stress and toxicity. A recent update from the American Heart Association also suggested that fine particles in air pollution leads to elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases.
The team led by Dr Uday Kishore of the Centre for Infection Immunity and Disease Mechanisms found the entire complement system was activated from C1 at the start to C5 at the end.
"The chemicals that are used usually for this were just too toxic for me.""She preferred not to use cyanide, formaldehyde, arsenic and heavy metal salts.
because the components of such implants should be produced with as few toxic chemicals as possible."
By comparison other methods to make nanoporous graphene often use corrosive and toxic chemicals in systems that would be challenging to use at large commercial levels.
while traditional restoration techniques pose serious problems in terms of physicochemical compatibility with substances contained in artefacts and toxicity.
The lack of physicochemical compatibility between restoration materials and artefacts along with the former's toxicity were the two main aspects that prompted us to propose the NANOFORART project.
and are either not toxic or have reduced a significantly toxicity level compared to traditional restoration materials like solvents
What's so innovative about the solutions you propose? The advanced nanomaterials we have been working on allow for a more precise control of the restoration intervention for example controlled cleaning can be carried out using microemulsions and chemical hydrogels instead of traditional cleaning methods.
"Dr Ariberto Fassati, co-lead author from the Wohl Virion Centre (UCL Infection & Immunity), added:"
or an antibody antigen reaction that only has expression for that specific cancer such as breast or prostate cancer.
Future research in nanoparticle PTT will look at toxicity biodegradability and compatibility issues. Shi said that the team is currently looking for other diverse biodegradable materials to use for the carriers such as plant chlorophylls like those in cabbage that are both edible and photothermal.
000 gallons of toxic solvents and 100 kilograms of toxic cadmium waste in U s. production each year.
For example we can buy cockroach bait that contains a toxic substance to kill cockroaches. However the bait could potentially harm whatever else ingests it Zhu said.
If we can incorporate dsrna specifically targeting a cockroach gene in the bait rather than a toxic substance the bait would not harm other organisms such as pets
If the production of chitin can be reduced further the insects can be killed without using any toxic insecticides.
And more immediately they're already used in medical detectors for example the pregnancy tests you buy over-the-counter work use gold nanoparticles attached to antibodies.
and toxicity said Dr. Zhen Gu assistant professor in the Joint Department of Biomedical engineering at NC State and UNC-Chapel hill.
and then deposit a microscopic amount on electrodes in a prototype handheld scanner that can detect toxic gases such as sarin or chlorine,
or toxic chemicals caught by the nanotube, you will see an increase or decrease in the current."
and about two-dozen different toxic gases, says Zang. The technology also can be applied to existing detectors
and because of their low toxicity they can be used as a carrier to transport drugs inside cells.
and chemical degradation can often be toxic and significantly perturb or even kill cells. There is a growing consensus among scientists that nanodiamonds are one of the best inorganic material alternatives for use in biomedical research, because of their compatibility with human cells,
a miniature device developed at the University of Montreal can measure a patient's blood for methotrexate, a commonly used but potentially toxic cancer drug.
"While effective, methotrexate is also highly toxic and can damage the healthy cells of patients,
"We were studying the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles in the waste treatment of anaerobic biological processes when we discovered that not only were they not toxic,
they actually stimulated the production of biogas, "he adds. Researchers saw this discovery as the opportunity to begin a business project
"Our business concept focuses on the design of processes with low energy, low toxicity, minimisation of waste and reduction of contaminating emissions",Víctor Puntes affirms."
Moreover graphene is nontoxic to biological systems an improvement over previous research into transparent electrical contacts that are much thicker rigid difficult to manufacture and reliant on potentially toxic metal alloys.
and reduce the possibility of toxic exposure due to excessive use of eye drops said Liu.
They can sense toxic chemicals and particles in the air and enzymes molecules and antibodies in the body that could indicate diabetes cancer and other diseases.
An optical biosensor works by absorbing a specific bandwidth of light and shifting the spectrum
Hitchhiking vaccines boost immunity More information: Nanogel-Based Immunologically Stealth Vaccine Targets Macrophages in the Medulla of Lymph node
and Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity ACS Nano 2014 8 (9) pp 9209#9218. DOI: 10.1021/nn502975r Because existing therapeutic cancer vaccines provide only a limited clinical benefit a different vaccination strategy is necessary to improve vaccine efficacy.
We developed a nanoparticulate cancer vaccine by encapsulating a synthetic long peptide antigen within an immunologically inert nanoparticulate hydrogel (nanogel) of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP.
Although the function of medullary macrophages in T cell immunity has been unexplored so far these macrophages effectively cross-primed the vaccine-specific CD8+T cells in the presence of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist as an adjuvant.
However, due to residual remnants of antigens such as sugar or other molecules, the human patients'immune cells are likely to attack the animal matrix.
Because the toxicity of carbon nanotubes in biological applications remains an open question Pasquali said the fewer one uses the better.
prompting it to release large amounts of antibodies that can attack and kill the parasite.
and maintaining long-term immunity over 15 months. That success rate is considerably higher than the reported success rate for RTS, S,
controlling molecular assembly and avoiding toxic solvents like chlorobenzene. Now we have a rational way of controlling this assembly in a water-based system he says.
#Magnetic nanoparticles break the capacity barrier for antibody purification Monoclonal antibodies represent the largest and fastest-growing segment of international biopharma.
At present therapeutic antibodies are purified generally by a technique known as protein A affinity chromatography. The process yields a high purification factorypically 99 per centut it is slow thereby creating a severe productivity bottleneck.
The overall purification process requires unpurified antibodies to pass through columns packed with the media in multiple cycles that can take up to a week.
which causes the antibodies to be deposited on the surface of starch-coated magnetic nanoparticles (see image).
and the purified antibodies recovered by removing the polyethylene glycol. The high capacity of our nanoparticle method makes it much faster than column chromatography explains Gagnon.
Polyethylene glycol has been used for decades to process antibodies but it has achieved never the level of purity needed for clinical therapeutics.
the same level achieved by protein A a single follow-on polishing step using a multimodal chromatography column further purified the antibodies to clinical quality standards.
It was made by inkjet printing of an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and subsequent functionalization of the insulator with specific antibodies.
Numerous countries are developing strict regulations to avoid the trillions of toxic and non-biodegradable used-cigarette filters that are disposed of into the environment each yearur method is just one way of achieving this.
because these particles can be toxic in certain physiological conditions, "Dr Majumder said.""In contrast, graphene doesn't contain any magnetic properties.
Moreover, thanks to the inclusion of sulfur atoms, they are cheaper to make and less toxic than conventional lithium-ion power packs.
toxic liquids such as toluene and hexane are used usually as solvents in the carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions.
These toxic liquid solvents raise many issues for concern including environmental pollution, high cost of disposal, health problems and poisoning during the disposal process.
However, this new technology is able to replace those toxic liquids as it allows carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond-formation with the use of metal nanoparticles as a catalyst
and"hot injection"or other existing synthetic approaches are slow, costly, sometimes toxic and often wasteful.
Water-splitting photocatalyst that is abundant and inexpensive with low toxicity discovered More information: Amorphous Tio2 coatings stabilize Si Gaas and Gap photoanodes for efficient water oxidationn by S. Hu et al.
and are programed chemically with an antibody receptor in such a way that they are capable of specifically attracting the protein markers circulating in blood.
more selective and less toxic than the chromium used thus far. As such this new material provides high durability in the open air at temperatures of 300°C to 400°C,
and that are less toxic than chromium. That's why we followed the trail of these materials."
#Fruit flies Boost STI Immunity Before Sex Among the promiscuous common fruit fly sexually-transmitted infections run rampant.
in insects underlining the intimate link between brain behaviour and immunity u
#Gunk-Proof Everything Anyone who's worn waterproof boots knows that although they shed moisture they're magnets for grime.
Just last year, more than 200 people in Lahore died after contaminated cardiac medicines containing a toxic amount of an anti-malaria drug hit the city's supply.
and is probably toxic. Too weak a signal means there might not be enough of the active ingredient to be effective (in antibiotics,
And about a quarter of all overdose death certificates don't have the toxicity test results listed at all landing them in the unspecified stripe.
Good to see the folks over at Popsci are focusing on Cannabis and the many benefits of this wonder plant.
overdoses from cannabis and all of the psychedelics COMBINED (LSD mescaline etc) are practically zero and need to be lumped in with'overdose by assault'(basically murder by poisoning)
Those methods still can't yield a toxic response and nullify the risks associated with smoking.
Cannabis being lumped into the same category as LSD and overdose by assault. What is represented not effectively conspicuously seemingly by design are drugs that cause zero deaths.
If all these other deaths were shown the death count for alcohol would be much much greater. 2. Overdose deaths from cannabis LSD magic mushrooms
The researchers demonstrated that it is possible in principle to coat the structures with interesting biomedical materials by connecting antibodies to the surface of the spiral motors.#
In smaller rural hospitals or even in ambulances, where a specialist cannot be physically there,
Suppressing immunity in this way opens up the risk of new infections and certain cancers. Ott's ambitious technique therefore has an ambitious goal--to one day provide amputees with fully functional limbs that can be transplanted
But the wormless rats paused only half as muchuggesting their memories of the box were incomplete, the team reports in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
#Designer antibodies may rid body of AIDS virus Anti-HIV drugs have extended life for millions of people,
Two new studies show that artificial antibodies could edirectthe immune response to these latently infected cells
But this new work ups the ante by designing so-called bispecific antibodies that both promise to reverse latency
a HIV cure researcher who directs the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne,
Both groups designed artificial versions of antibodies, the Y-shaped molecules made by the immune system to target pathogens.
With natural antibodies, both rmsof the Y clasp the same target. But the arms of bispecific antibodies each grab a unique protein.
In this case both teams designed their antibodies to clasp an HIV protein and CD3, a receptor found on the surface of white blood cells.
The bispecific antibodies focus on the CD3 receptor for two reasons. One is that HIV hides its DNA inside white blood cells,
or T lymphocytes, that have CD3 receptors. The other is that a second type of CD3-studded lymphocyte known as a killer T cell destroys HIV-infected cells.
The bispecific antibody first binds to CD3 on cells that harbor latent HIV. This prompts the cells to divide, an ctivationprocess that wakes up the sleeping virus. New HIV proteins are produced subsequently that migrate to the surface of the cell.
the bispecific antibody grabs a killer T cell that has a CD3 receptor and, with its second arm, finds a recently activated cell that has HIV proteins on its surface.
But neither team has shown yet that their bispecific antibodies can actually reduce reservoirs of HIV in monkeys
says draining a reservoir ultimately may require combining bispecific antibodies with other latency reversing approaches and immune system stimulators like anti-HIV vaccines.
UCSF Deeks cautions that anti-CD3 antibodies can cause too much activation of T cells, leading to a massive inflammatory reaction that damages organs and can even cause death.
in one 1999 study of anti-CD3 antibodies used to purge reservoirs in three HIV-infected people,
But the anti-CD3 antibodies in the earlier study had both arms, Mascola notes, which led to far more activation than the single arm in the new bispecific antibodies.
He further points out that two cancer bispecific antibodies on the market both have anti-CD3 arms. he key is to find the right balance between CD3 activation and toxicity,
Mascola says. hat the real challenge here. c
#Researchers create a sonic tractor beam Using a simple set of loudspeakers, scientists have figured out a way to levitate
a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard School of Public health who was involved not in the research. trikingly,
drug discovery and chemical toxicity testing. In addition, they can be used to create next generation tissue engineered medical products that foster improved tissue integration and regeneration.
"Conventionally, cells cultured on the surface of plastic dishes have been used to identify new drug targets, test chemical toxicity,
less expensive ways to better predict human outcomes as part of drug development and chemical toxicity testing.
and frees it from the use of radioisotopes or antibodies.""""The free flow of information between departments at the University of Bath promoted this collaboration
The microfluidic device tests for the presence of the parasites'P23 antigen, a major molecular target of host antibody responses against the pathogen's infective stages.
Investors are even jonesing for cannabis startups; Snoop Dogg announced a $25 million fund, and Founders Fund invested in Privateer Holdings$75 million fund,
When healthy liver cells are depleted by long-term exposure to toxic chemicals, the newly discovered cells,
When healthy liver cells are depleted by long-term exposure to toxic chemicals, the newly discovered cells,
#New antibody may fight HIV better Scientists have identified a novel antibody that could more effectively detect and neutralise HIV virus in an infected patient.
Proteins called broadly neutralising antibodies (bnabs) are a promising key to the prevention of infection by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.
These antibodies may protect a patient's healthy cells by recognising a protein called the envelope spike, present on the surface of all HIV strains and inhibiting, or neutralising
A version of the antibiotic was tested for toxicity in mice with no ill effects.""Within the next few years, we hope to identify various characteristics of these antibiotics,
Currently, this antibody treatment must be combined with chemotherapy to increase the proportion of patients it helps.
would be beneficial in reducing toxicity because the amount of antibody could be decreased by two-thirds and the amount of chemotherapy by at least half.
This in turn reduces the cost of treatment so that individuals previously not able to afford targeted therapy will be able to do so."
In addition, this combination therapy also augments host tumour immunity which can be a good advantage for this therapy,
It specifically affects antibody-producing white blood cells found in the bone marrow, called plasma cells. For the study, the researchers compared the cellular chemistry of bone marrow
#Graphene 3d files patent for low-cost, toxic-free process for producing high grade graphene for 3d printing Graphene 3d Lab has filed a non-provisionary patent pertaining to a new method for the preparation
high-energy and toxic chemical processes, limiting its use to certain R&d labs. Graphene 3d new process,
#ab-In-A-Needledetects Liver Toxicity In 30 Minutes The researchers are currently working on a prototype that miniaturizes a test lab into the size of a needle.
This ab-in-a-needledevice will be effective, for example, in quickly detecting liver toxicity, a common side effect of chemotherapy.
evaluate toxicity and display the results in one simple process. Dr. Wang Zhiping, Director of research Programs at Agency for Science, Technology and Research's (A*STAR) Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTECH
manpower and costs and yet has the same accurate results as the gold standards of current liver toxicity tests, added Chang,
meaning that they can be left in the body without leaving a toxic residue behind.
The targeted 3dna approach is similar to that of an antibody drug conjugate (ADC), but delivers 100 times more of the drug to the targeted cells than an ADC
and has observed no toxicity. Additional studies testing this formulation in rabbits undergoing cataract surgery are ongoing with Drs.
"Since the antibody has broad utility and 3dna nanocarriers can deliver a variety of drug cargoes,
March 9) in the journal Scientific Reports, represents a major step forward in the development of accurate, faster methods of testing for drug toxicity.
so these differences often result in inefficient and costly experiments that do not provide accurate answers about the toxicity of a drug in humans,
Nanobodies are very similar to antibodies, which recognize and bind to antigens.""However, nanobodies are much smaller, more stable, easier to produce,
and cost-effective than traditional monoclonal antibodies, "says Hansman. Interestingly, Nano-85 was able to recognize the VLPS from a variety of different norovirus strains.
and it can go into schools, restaurants, factories, hospitals, ambulances, airports, and even battlefields. he next market Chen is targeting is the smart home,
it's also the improvement in targeting and reduction in toxicity, which is just icing on the cake.
Researchers in professor Margaret Frey lab create fibers hundreds of times thinner than a human hair that can capture toxic chemicals and pathogens.
and to capture toxic substances in liquids. Tiny, complex devices traditionally are made in high-tech clean rooms using expensive equipment and costly material, like gold.
antigens and proteins naturally present on platelet membranes. This is unlike other efforts, which synthesize platelet mimics that replicate one or two surface proteins of the platelet membrane."
Tailored DNA structures could find targeted cells and release their molecular payload (drugs or antibodies) selectively into these cells."
Many of the methods routinely used in the biosciences are based on the specific modification of proteins, in particular antibodies,
For example, chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer are linked often chemically to antibodies that recognize antigens found only on the surface of the target tumor.
and stable derivatives of antibodies that we have used using with great success in our laboratory for many years,
One obvious and highly promising application is in the production of so-called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCS) for use in tumor therapy.
"But the relative lack of efficient ways to attach chemotherapeutic drugs to antibodies currently represents a major technological bottleneck,
This single, self-contained medical device will be effective, for example, in quickly detecting liver toxicity which is a common side effect of chemotherapy.
This device will test toxicity in 30 minutes while current liver toxicity tests take several days due to multiple steps required before a physician interprets the test results
and communicates them to the patient. Developed jointly by Houston Methodist Nanyang Technological University (NTU Singapore) and the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTECH), a research institute of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),
The investigators demonstrated that two important steps of the lab in a needle approach accurately detected liver toxicity in preclinical models by measuring two genetic indicators of toxicity in AST and ALT.
evaluate toxicity, and display results in one easy-to-use process, allowing doctors and patients to immediately discuss treatment options.
Elevations in the two examined gene markers of liver toxicity were detected then accurately and consistent with previously known changes, indicating that lab in a needle is an appropriate diagnostic option."
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