| Ambulance (12) |  |
| Illicit drugs (76) | |
| Immunology (931) | |
| Toxicity (463) | |
| Ambulance (12) | |
| Illicit drugs (76) | |
| Immunology (931) | |
| Toxicity (463) | |
with some US doctors now prescribing Adderall#amphetamine salts used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy#to healthy children from low-income families purely to improve academic performance.
from Incans given coca leaves before battles to Allied soldiers using amphetamines during World war Two,
Using conventional weapons on such facilities runs the risk of spreading highly toxic substances, so the Pentagon has funded a number of
causing cells to release toxic gas and cilia to flap. If people have a genetic variant that produces a different form of this bitter receptor
Targeted biological therapy can reduce toxicity and improve outcomes for many cancer patients, when compared to the adverse effects of standard chemotherapeutic drugs.
whether a compound is toxic or carries other liabilities, or has the right mix of properties to become a safe and effective therapeutic agent,
and with over three times the sensitivity of current prostate specific-antigen antigen (PSA) screening. The study appears in the January issue of Clinical Chemistry (volume 61, page 239),
but also following patient responses to therapy,"said Mitchell, the paper's corresponding author and professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology.
The findings of a new study have advanced significantly researchersknowledge of immunity for these pathogens. Information about the immune responses that occur in animals following haemoplasma infection is relatively unknown largely due to the fact that researchers struggle to study these bacteria as they are unable to grow them in the laboratory.
The researchers found that they were representing a significant advancement in scientistsknowledge of immunity for haemoplasmainfections.
The exact methods of protective immunity could not be identified clearly despite extensive investigations but the study results suggest that a vaccine using a weakened form of the bacteria may offer protection against haemoplasma infection.
his is the first study to demonstrate protective immunity against M. haemofelis reinfection and it provides important information for a possible future hemoplasma vaccine. ur findings could help prevent the disease in cats
and display pieces of viral or bacterial proteins (known as antigens) on their cell surfaces. When these B cells encounter T cells with receptors that recognize the antigen,
the T cells become activated, provoking them to release cytokines inflammatory chemicals that control the immune response
the MIT team found that they did not all respond the same way after encountering B cells carrying identical antigens on their surfaces.
the researchers found that the initial activation level depends on how much of the antigen is presented. At high levels, most of the cells respond the same way.
at lower antigen levels, the T cell responses vary greatly. These differences also correlated to differences in T cell cytokine production.
000 times thinner than a human hair and are coated with antibodies that recognize circulating tumor cells.
They grew rat smooth muscle cells on their prototypes to determine that the materials were not toxic.
and their toxicity can cause kidney failure and other systemic damage. Professor Dolores Fregona and her research team at the University of Padua in Italy designed and tested gold compounds with the aim of elivering the metal as a cytotoxic smart bombkilling off cancer cells while minimising the impact on other organs.
and slowed their proliferation, without any discernible toxic impact on lungs, spleen, liver or kidney.
sometimes toxic and are not readily biodegradable, "says project coordinator Pietro Luigi Cavallotti. Although biodegradable synthetic oils have been developed,
By adding antibodies to this process, these sensors could then clearly identify the disease'biomarkers'the telltale signs of diseased cells.
there has never been need a greater for quick and accurate ways to detect explosives, toxic chemicals, illegal drugs and other potential hazards to public safety and health.
which can find traces of explosives, chemical weapons and illicit drugs. Among the project's breakthroughs, the X-ray backscatter equipment produces high-intensity beams
and it is 60 times more toxic. It needs a separate pre-treatment stage to transform it to the less toxic As V. As part of a European union (EU) funded research project, an innovative consortium in Greece,
backed by an EU grant of#833,842, has developed a new adsorbent media that can easily
"Our innovative Aquaszero granules now provide a cost-effective solution to easily remove all traces, even the highly toxic form of arsenic (As III."
The process of deriving antibodies from these cells is high-tech-and highly expensive. By contrast, the antibodies produced by PHARMA-PLANTA were derived from tobacco plants grown in greenhouses in Germany,
harvested after 45 days and shredded. According to Professor Rainer Fischer, Director of the institute where the GM tobacco was grown, this much simpler,
the new antibody successfully completed its Phase 1 trial, ascertaining its safety, at the end of 2011. It is now set to move into the next phase of testing,
and identifying toxic fumes in the air. Another area of application is medical surgery. A doctor could transfer data to
They coated solid microneedles with an antibody-based drug that prevents the growth of blood vessels
##The best diagnostic tools currently use antibodies to sense things like hormones or viruses in a patient s bloodstream.
##The antibody-based tests are exquisitely sensitive and we can t compete with that sensitivity yet##says Keith Pardee a postdoctoral fellow in Collins lab coauthor of the Cell paper and a Wyss Institute research scientist.##
##But to make a custom antibody it costs between $4000 and $30000 and it will take between four and six months.##
of virus-specific antibodies. Interference of light reflected from the surface is modified by the presence of the particles producing a distinct signal that reveals the size and shape of each particle.
and become small and weak colony variantssays Eric Skaar professor of pathology microbiology and immunology at Vanderbilt University.
Rare liver toxicity is now the major safety concern with new drugs and can often be detected only after many thousands of patients have received treatment Watkins says.
To create that trigger researchers followed a process known as molecular evolution to develop an antibody that could be attached to the hydrogel particles to change their form
The resulting antibody has a high affinity for the polymerized form of fibrin and a low affinity for the precursor material.##
college students indicated they d used an illicit drug in the preceding year that s up from 34 percent in the 2006 survey.
Half (51 percent) of all full-time college students today have used an illicit drug at some time in their lives.
Marijuana has remained the most widely used illicit drug over the 34 years that MTF has tracked substance use by college students
Nonmedical use of the amphetamine Adderall used by some students to stay awake and concentrate when preparing for tests
or trying to finish homework ranks second among the illicit drugs being used in college. Eleven percent of college students in 2013 or one in every nine indicated some Adderall use without medical supervision in the prior 12 months.
The next most frequently used illicit drugs by college students are ecstasy hallucinogens and narcotic drugs other than heroin with each of these three having about 5 percent of college students reporting any use in the prior 12 months.
Ecstasy use after declining considerably between 2002 and 2007 from 9. 2 percent annual prevalence to 2. 2 percent has made somewhat of a comeback on campus. It rose to 5. 8 percent using in the prior 12 months in 2012
Hallucinogen use among college students has remained at about 5 percent since 2007 following an earlier period of decline.
The use of narcotic drugs other than heroin like Vicodin and Oxycontin peaked in 2006 with 8. 8 percent of college students indicating any past-year use without medical supervision.
The use of some other illicit drugs by college students also has declined in the past decade including crack cocaine powder cocaine tranquilizers and hallucinogens other than LSD
Another encouraging result is that a number of illicit drugs have been used in the prior 12 months by fewer than 1 percent of college students in 2013.
Also 24 percent of males versus 16 percent of females used some illicit drug other than marijuana.
but are not full-time college students have roughly equivalent proportions to college students in their past-year use of any illicit drug or any illicit drug other than marijuana.
They also have quite similar rates of several specific drugs including past-year use of marijuana ecstasy hallucinogens other than LSD and extreme binge drinking.
and narcotic drugs other than heroin (including Oxycontin and Vicodin specifically). The noncollege segment also has a daily cigarette smoking rate roughly three times
#Scan baby s fingerprints to track immunizations Michigan State university rightoriginal Studyposted by Kim Ward-Michigan State on August 20 2014more than 2 million childrenâ#die each year
and toddlers have great potential to accurately record immunizations. You can lose a paper document but not your fingerprints.##
and immunology at University of Washington in St louis.##Now that our map of the combined structure of these two proteins has revealed one critical way Ebola does this the information it provides will guide the development of new treatments.##
& Microbe Amarasinghe and Daisy Leung assistant professor of pathology and immunology show that VP24 tightly binds to a nuclear transporter a protein that takes molecules into
and at worst are toxic, are thought to kill more than 700,000 people each year. While less than 1 percent of the US pharmaceuticals market is believed to be counterfeit,
when stores of toxic nerve agents need to be decommissioned. ftentimes, chemical agent stockpiles are decommissioned through processes that involve treatment with heat
In another twist, combining the antigen (the vaccine) and Cpg causes the body to change its immune response,
producing antibodies that dampen the damaging health effects dust-mite allergens generally cause. In lab tests, the Cpg-antigen package, at 300 nanometers in size, was absorbed 90 percent of the time by immune cells.
Researchers followed up those experiments by giving the package to mice and exposing the animals to dust-mite allergens every other day for nine days total.
Packages with Cpg yielded greater production of the desirable antibodies, while lung inflammation was lower than particles that did not contain Cpg. his is exactly
says Craig Meyers, professor of microbiology and immunology at the Penn State College of Medicine.
In addition, consistent with past studies, AAV2-infected cancer cells produced more Ki-67, an immunity system activating protein and c-Myc,
immunology, and laboratory medicine. That the treatment seemed to stimulate insulin production in people with established Type 1 diabetes made the researchers autiously optimistic,
#Marijuana may change sperm shape in young men Using cannabis appears to affect the size and shape of spermnd perhaps put young men fertility at riskccording to a new study.
to have used cannabis in the three month period prior to ejaculation. ur knowledge of factors that influence sperm size
although our data suggests that cannabis users might be advised to stop using the drug if they are planning to try
a new immune system. 72-HOUR FAST Prolonged fasting also protected against toxicity in a pilot clinical trial in
The findings, published in Immunity, pave the way for an urgently needed therapy that is highly effective against the flu virus
each may contribute differently towards the immunity against influenza virus, says Francois Coulombe, a Mcgill Phd student and the study first author. nderstanding their individual role is crucial in developing a new therapy.
PGE2, showed remarkably enhanced immunity to flu infection. Most importantly, the vast majority of these mice infected with a lethal dose of the H1n1 flu virus survived.
mice treated with a compound that inhibits PGE2 showed enhanced antiviral immunity and produced better survival rates following infection with a lethal dose of the flu virus compared with untreated mice. revious studies produced conflicting results due to the inhibition of all prostanoids
Divangahi says. ur findings suggest that different prostaglandins have different roles in antiviral immunity and that specific inhibition of PGE2 will be an effective therapy against influenza viral infection by boosting immune responses. i
associate professor of microbiology and immunology. ut what wee now shown is that RSV has increased an ability to cause airway obstruction because, during an RSV infection,
and turn it into a mineral which prevents the toxic material from leaching into groundwater.
when exposed to extremely high and toxic concentrations of uranium levels that would destroy individual Geobacter cells the biofilms didn t just survive they thrived she adds.
and Turkey supervised by the International Narcotics Control board which seeks to prevent opiates like morphine for instance from being refined into illegal heroin.
#Scan baby s fingerprints to track immunizations Michigan State university rightoriginal Studyposted by Kim Ward-Michigan State on August 20 2014more than 2 million childrenâ die each year
and toddlers have great potential to accurately record immunizations. You can lose a paper document
and at worst are toxic are thought to kill more than 700000 people eachâ year. While less than 1 percent of the US pharmaceuticals market is believed to be counterfeit it is a huge problem in the developing world. ne challenge in fighting counterfeiting is need the to stay ahead of the counterfeiterssays Nicholas Kotov professor of chemical engineering who led the University
which uses no metals or toxic materials, for use in power plants, where it could make the energy grid more resilient and efficient by creating a large-scale way to store energy for use as needed. he batteries last for about 5,
While previous battery designs have used metals or toxic chemicals, Narayan and Prakash wanted to find an organic compound that could be dissolved in water.
traditional approaches see producers pay hefty fees to have hauled toxic wastewater off to treatment plants,
Reguera, along with lead authors and graduate students Allison Speers and Jenna Young, evolved Geobacter to withstand increasing amounts of toxic glycerol.
Together, the bacteria appetite for the toxic byproducts is inexhaustible. hey feast like theye at a Las vegas buffet
Jeffrey Cirillo professor in the Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology at Texas A&m Health Science Center (TAMHSC) College of Medicine and his team have discovered a new method to spot the bacteria that causes
to form these inks was hydrazine##a highly toxic explosive liquid used in rocket fuel. Brutchey and David Webber of USC mixed two compounds to create the new solvent that effectively dissolves a class of semiconductors known as chalcogenides. hen the two compounds work together they do something quite remarkablesays Brutchey.
Those molecules are highly toxic unless properly controlled Britt notes. The cyanide and carbon monoxide groups were known to come from the amino acid tyrosine Britt says.
For example drug smugglers recently have deployed makeshift submarines to clandestinely ferry narcotics long distances underwater. An improved more robust underwater sensor network could help spot these vessels.
and studied could provide a scalable inexpensive platform to monitor toxic vapors from industrial solvents.
#This study identifies a gene called Sr35 that confers near-immunity to this new race#he says.
The researchers selected the resistance gene Sr35 for its immunity to Ug99 and related races.
The new insight may be helpful in finding ways to minimize the potential toxicity of graphene says Agnes Kane chair of the pathology and laboratory medicine department at Brown and one of the study s authors.
If there some feature that is responsible for its toxicity then maybe the engineers can engineer it out.
Is nanotech toxic? Discovered about a decade ago graphene is a sheet of carbon just one atom thick.
and material scientists at Brown aimed at understanding the toxic potential of a wide variety of nanomaterials.
But Kane says this initial study provides an important start in understanding the potential for graphene toxicity.
This test looks for either how much of an antibody is contained within the sample or how much protein is bound by an antibody;
if HIV positive antibodies to HIV bind to the antigens on the plate. For this test the team was able to perform an objective read-out similar to an ELISA assay but without the spending the typical $18450 equipment cost involved.
And the dongle is small and light enough to fit in the palm of one#s hand making its use in remote or mobile clinics far more practical.
The toxicity of the nanoparticles causes the macrophages to transform into foam cells or lipids leading to the development of lesions and hastening the onset of atherosclerosis.
Previous research has turned up some unsettling results including that silver nanoparticles can materially alter a person's immunity and that titanium dioxide nanoparticles cause systemic genetic damage in mice.
In addition they can be used for drugs of high toxicity or a short half-life.##Both Choi and Kim are members of the Micro and Nano technology Laboratory at the U. of
Others have concerns about pollution or toxic residue from the conversion process. Blest tells us that,
polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene##PP, PE,#PS plastics), there is no toxic substance produced and any residue can be disposed of with regular burnable garbage.
According to the blurb,##the film details plastic s path over the last 100 years and provides a wealth of expert interviews on practical and cutting edge solutions to recycling, toxicity and biodegradability.##
(i e. get me the hell away from this toxic thing response), it dehumanizes the other person,
and a toxic substance and our reaction is deep disgust. But the uncanny valley is only the first step in
are compounds far smaller than less common biological medicines like antibodies. They are developed using libraries of thousands or millions of known chemical substances.
The study ould be highly important for understanding how cannabis exerts its behavioral effects, Patel said.
In the current study, the researchers used high-affinity antibodies to abelthe cannabinoid receptors so they could be seen using various microscopy techniques
Sodium cyanide is highly toxic but vital for extracting metals such as gold from its ore. Currently sodium cyanide is transported to and from a site,
Clearly kitchenware will never be the same and without the potential toxicity of conventional nonstick surfaces.
A PSA test is currently the most common, noninvasive means to screen for prostate cancer in the U s. PSA testing measures for elevated levels of prostate specific-antigen antigen,
especially in populations where immunity is not widespread. Northern Nigeria has been battling such vaccine-derived outbreaks since 2005,
which has one of the lowest rates of routine immunization in the world. Less than 50%of children receive a complete schedule of childhood vaccinations,
and routine immunization, says Zulfiqar Bhutta, an immunization expert at Aga khan University in Karachi, Pakistan,
He sees the eventual switch to inactivated vaccines as an opportunity to align polio eradication with routine immunization."
but without that carrier's toxic side effects. Neil Barclay of the University of Oxford, UK, was part of the team that worked out the CD47 structure that inspired Discher s work2."
so boosting this will not be as toxic as chemotherapy, says Wafik El-Deiry, an oncologist at Pennsylvania State university in Hershey and lead author of the study,
although early clinical trials for TRAIL-based therapies showed little toxicity, they were not very successful at treating cancer,
A more immediate benefit of 3-D printing embryonic stem cells might be the ability to make tissue samples that could be used to accurately test drug compounds for toxicity in humans, without the need for animal testing, according to the researchers c
But it will spur the immune system to produce antibodies that would protect them from the real virus. In 2001,
one of a class known as multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters (MATES) that are found in cell membranes.
and engineered them to express a chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR, that would target cells expressing a protein called CD19.
and faces an untested path to regulatory approval, says Steven Rosenberg, head of the tumour immunology section at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
which eight horses had developed suddenly hepatitis after being injected with an antitoxin to prevent them from developing botulism.
The researchers used next-generation sequencing to analyse RNA samples from the antitoxin and from two of the horses,
as well as in the animal (from a different farm) that was the source of the contaminated antitoxin.#"
the team inoculated four healthy horses with the contaminated antitoxin. Within ten weeks all of them carried TDAV in their bloodstream,
myobundles undergo dose-dependent hypertrophy or toxic myopathy similar to clinical outcomes. Human myobundles provide an enabling platform for predictive drug
#Molecular Inhibitor Breaks Cycle That Leads to Alzheimer's A molecular chaperone has been found to inhibit a key stage in the development of Alzheimer disease and break the toxic chain reaction that leads to the death of brain cells, a new study shows.
thereby helping to avoid the formation of highly toxic clusters that enable the condition to proliferate in the brain.
This step where fibrils made up of malfunctioning proteins assist in the formation of toxic clusters is considered to be one of the most critical stages in the development of Alzheimer in sufferers.
so we can prevent the toxic effects of protein aggregation that are associated with this terrible condition.
These oligomers are highly toxic to nerve cells and are thought now to be responsible for the devastating effects of Alzheimer disease.
This second stage, known as secondary nucleation, sets off a chain reaction which creates many more toxic oligomers
and ultimately amyloid fibrils, generating the toxic effects that eventually manifest themselves as Alzheimer. Without the secondary nucleation process, single molecules would have to misfold and form toxic clusters unaided,
which is a much slower and far less devastating process. By studying the molecular processes by
and nucleating into toxic oligomers. The research team then carried out further tests in which living mouse brain tissue was exposed to amyloid-beta, the specific protein that forms the amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer disease.
Allowing the amyloid-beta to misfold and form amyloids increased toxicity in the tissue significantly.
but the toxicity did not develop in the brain tissue, confirming that the molecule had suppressed the chain reaction from secondary nucleation that feeds the catastrophic production of oligomers leading to Alzheimer disease.
using an antibody that binds to the chosen targets. This antibody is linked to a fluorescent dye,
as well as a chemical anchor that can attach the dye to the polyacrylate chain. Once the tissue is labeled,
several detection zones snag any antibodies in the blood that reveal the presence of a particular disease.
which the group named teixobactin, was not toxic to human cells in a dish. And it showed other qualities of a good antibiotic,
A new test surveys the antibodies present in a person bloodstream to reveal a history of the viruses theye been infected with throughout their life.
Many tests look for antibodies, proteins the immune system produces to recognize invaders, while others hunt for the virus own genetic material.
or absence of longer-lasting antibodies that can linger for decades after an infection. Researchers led by biologist Stephen Elledge of Brigham
each of them representing a section of a virus that an antibody might recognize. When the proteins are added to a drop of blood,
antibodies attach to matching fragments; researchers can isolate the antibodies and, from the fragments they paired up with,
determine which viruses someone has been infected with and what antibodies their body generated in response. The new test, dubbed Virscan,
llows scientists to ask questions that just couldn be asked before, Elledge says. ou can compare groups of peopleoung
most people had antibodies for about 10 previous viral infections, although those with HIV and who lived outside the United states averaged more.
Surprisingly, many people had generated the exact same antibodies to infections; researchers believed people's immune responses to be more diverse,
Racaniello points out that Virscan didn identify as many people as he would expect with antibodies for noroviruses and rotaviruses,
because antibodies for these viruses don stick around for as long as otherslthough researchers have shown that, in general, most antibodies last a lifetimer because of technical caveats of the test.
Elledge admits that, for now, Virscan might miss some viruses, because theye too small or contain certain modifications that the fragment library can include. e know that wee probably missing a little bit,
But that would be toxic to living cells. To get around that problem, Demirci group fiddled not with the magnetic properties of the cells themselves,
Cancer cells are so diverse that certain ones might not bear the antibody to which a molecular label is supposed to attach.
You'll see new applications in the ER in surgery with telehealth in remote communities and even in ambulances.
000 gallons of toxic solvents and 100 kilograms of toxic cadmium waste in U s. production each year.
However large concentrations of ethanol can be toxic to yeast which has limited the production capacity of many yeast strains used in industry.
Toxicity is probably the single most important problem in cost-effective biofuels production says Gregory Stephanopoulos the Willard Henry Dow Professor of Chemical engineering at MIT.
which are even more toxic to yeast. The more we understand about why a molecule is toxic
and methods that will make these organisms more tolerant the more people will get ideas about how to attack other more severe problems of toxicity says Stephanopoulos one of the senior authors of the Science paper.
This work goes a long way to squeezing the last drop of ethanol from sugar adds Gerald Fink an MIT professor of biology member of the Whitehead Institute and the paper s other senior author.
They are also working on using this approach to boost the ethanol yield from various industrial feedstocks that because of starting compounds inherently toxic to yeast now have low yields.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011