Magnetic resonance imaging and other scanning technologies can indicate the size of a tumor, while the most detailed information about how well a treatment is working comes from pathologistsexaminations of tissue taken in biopsies.
Yet these methods offer only snapshots of tumor response and the invasive nature of biopsies makes them a risky procedure that clinicians try to minimize.
while reducing patientsexposure to serious side effects. e wanted to make a device that would give us a chemical signal about what happening in the tumor,
if the tumor is shrinking, you could get an early read to see if youe moving in the right direction.
on-demand data concerning two biomarkers linked to a tumor response to treatment: ph and dissolved oxygen.
you can see the response chemically before you see a tumor actually shrink, Cima says.
and the inflammation will make the tumor appear to be growing, even while the therapy is effective.
since tumors thrive in low-oxygen (hypoxic) conditions. t turns out that the more hypoxic the tumor is,
could let you see how hypoxia was changing in the tumor, so you could adjust the radiation accordingly.
so we can use them to monitor tumor response, Cima says. e did a little bit of that in these experiments,
and development of tumors a discovery that could lead to new ways to diagnose and treat cancer.
Neurological tumors, for example, may arise from glial cells that develop from the crest. Researchers with the institute Medical Informatics Systems division say cancer types can be found
leading to potentially better therapies and easier tumor identification. The findings have been licensed to Genomeon, a company co-founded by Garner to develop new ways to assess cancer risk,
Now, a precise mechanism by which chronic inflammation can lead to cancer has been uncovered by researchers at MIT a development that could lead to improved targets for preventing future tumors.
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
#Newly discovered cells regenerate liver tissue without forming tumors Hybrid hepatocytes proliferate and replenish liver mass after chronic liver injuries in micehybrid hepatocytes proliferate
ipscs carry a high risk of giving rise to tumors. To test the safety of hybrid hepatocytes,
They found no signs of hybrid hepatocytes in any of the tumors, leading the researchers to conclude that these cells don contribute to liver cancer caused by obesity-induced hepatitis
#Telltale biomarker detects early breast cancer in NIH-funded study Researchers have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect the earliest signs of breast cancer recurrence and fast-growing tumors.
breakaway tumor cells with the potential to develop into dangerous secondary breast cancer tumors elsewhere in the body.
CWRU M. Frank Rudy and Margaret Domiter Rudy Professor of biomedical engineering and an expert in molecular imaging for cancer and other diseases. e showed with this technique that we can detect very tiny tumors of just
revealing smaller cancers than can be detected with current clinical imaging modalities. ur imaging technology has the potential to differentiate aggressive tumors from low-risk tumors.
The researchers collected images depicting metastases where breast cancer had spread beyond the original tumors. Metal molecules within the contrast solution are magnetized during the MRI process
and enhance the image wherever the molecules of solution bind with the targeted protein. he primary tumor sends signals to distant tissue
and tumors compared with normal tissue. Using a microscopic imaging approach, called cryo-imaging, and MRI, the researchers verified that the MRI technique could detect micrometastases,
#New synthetic tumor environments make cancer research more realistic Tumors are notoriously difficult to study in their natural habitat body tissues
but a new synthetic tissue environment may give cancer researchers the next-best look at tumor growth and behavior.
and grow into a tumor. They were able to observe how differently cells act in the three-dimensional
and expensive mouse avatars that are created by injecting human tumor cells into mice. his is really the first time that it been demonstrated that you can use a rapid methodology like this to spatially define cancer cells and macrophages,
and finds out theye been diagnosed with some sort of solid tumor, Kilian said. ou take a biopsy of those cells,
and spread of tumors. ells aren lonely little automatons, Gartner said. hey communicate through networks to make group decisions.
or structural changes in mammary glands can lead to the breakdown of tissue architecture associated with tumors that metastasize,
CARS prompt these cells to home in on particular proteins found primarily in tumors, where they launch a series of cancer-killing immune responses.
genetically engineered to carry CARS that target the patient tumor, then reinserted into the bloodstream to exert their effects.
in addition to attacking tumors directly, CAR T cells, like all T cells, release signaling molecules called cytokines, some
of which recruit additional T cells to fight the tumor. Sometimes normal cells express small amounts of a cancer-associated protein targeted by a CAR T cell.
In tumor lysis syndrome, the body is overwhelmed by toxic substances released when many tumor cells die in rapid succession.
which released cytokines summon numerous T cells to the tumor, then these newly arrived T cells release their own cytokines, and so on.
While successful against blood cancers such as leukemia, CAR T cells have shown so far less efficacy against solid tumors that effect the colon, breast, prostrate, brain and other tissues.
The remote control strategy developed by Lim group may permit researchers to develop more powerful versions of CAR T cells that could attack these solid tumors,
so that the cells will respond to multiple characteristics that are distinctive to an individual patient tumor,
and attack both primary cancer tumors and the circulating tumor cells that can cause a cancer to metastasize.
not only attack the main tumor site, but are more likely to find and attach themselves to tumor cells circulating in the bloodstream essentially attacking new tumors before they start,
says Quanyin Hu, lead author of the paper and a Ph d. student in the joint biomedical engineering program.
When one of the pseudo-platelets comes into contact with a tumor, three things happen more or less at the same time.
and TRAIL in the pseudo-platelet drug delivery system was significantly more effective against large tumors
and circulating tumor cells than using Dox and TRAIL in a nanogel delivery system without the platelet membrane. e like to do additional preclinical testing on this technique,
Surgeons aggressively removing a tumor run the risk of damaging normal brain tissue and impairing the patient brain functions;
on the other hand, incomplete removal of a tumor results in immediate relapse in 90%of patients. Being able to simultaneously see the surgical field
and the contrast agent identifying cancerous tissue within the augmented microscope may allow surgeons to remove these challenging tumors more accurately
Most women with ovarian cancer will have their tumors come back. ithin two years, 85 percent of women will have their cancer come back in a more aggressive form,
and previously unknown, characteristic of cancerous tumors arising from a variety of organs. e discovered membrane proteins that among the normal tissues,
the biomarker that is found only on growing eggs and tumor cells. The monoclonal antibodies to SAS1B can be thought of as a homing mechanism to guide a miniscule warhead selectively to the surface of cancer cells.
and then after binding on the tumor cell surface, the antibody-drug burrows inside them to release a toxic payload. ou add an antibody with a drug on it
The same biomarkers that will help limit the area of impact for Ovastasis birth control will also help Neoantigenics confine the toxic effects of cancer treatment to growing egg and tumor cells.
especially the mouse model, will be used by academics to isolate healthy cells modified by tumors, and by the pharmaceutical industry in the quest for novel anticancer drugs that block tumor-organ communication,
said Anne Burtey, Ph d.,study author from the Department of Biomedicine, at the University of Bergen in Bergen,
with increased abilities to diffuse within tumors and even reach the healthy cells involved in tumor progression.
To make this discovery, Burtey and colleagues studied the exchange of molecules between cells, by color-coding them with red or blue cellular fluorescent yesor ags.
and kill tumor cells. The engineered cells contain an antibody-like protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)
A signaling domain built into the CAR promotes rapid multiplication of the hunter cells building an army of tumor-killing cells that tests reveal can grow to more than 10000 new cells for each single engineered cell patients receive.
All patients who received the CTL019 hunter cells experienced a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) within a few days after receiving their infusions--a key indicator that the engineered cells have begun proliferating and killing tumor cells in the body.
which also express the CD19 protein had been eliminated along with their tumors. The researchers note that persistent absence of normal B cells following CTL019 treatment indicates continued activity of the gene-modified T cells
which are thought to provide long-term vaccine-like activity preventing tumor recurrence. Since B cells play a role in helping fight infection patients typically receive immunoglobulin replacement to maintain healthy immune function.
or smaller--exhibited enhanced performance in vivo such as greater tissue penetration and enhanced tumor inhibition. Over the last 2-3 decades consensus has been reached that particle size plays a pivotal role in determining their biodistribution tumor penetration cellular internalization clearance from blood plasma and tissues as well as excretion from the body--all of
which impact the overall therapeutic efficacy against cancers stated Li Tang first author of this PNAS article.
Our studies show clear evidence that there is an optimal particle size for anticancer nanomedicines resulting in the highest tumor retention.
Among the three nanoconjugates investigated the 50 nm particle size provided the optimal combination of deep tumor tissue penetration efficient cancer cell internalization as well as slow tumor clearance exhibits the highest efficacy against both
To further develop insight into the size dependency of nanomedicines in tumor accumulation and retention the researchers developed a mathematical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of nanoparticles within a spherically symmetric tumor.
The results are extremely important to guide the future research in designing new nanomedicines for cancer treatment Cheng noted
#Prostate cancers penchant for copper may be a fatal flaw Like discriminating thieves prostate cancer tumors scavenge
This proclivity for copper uptake is something we have known could be an Achilles'heel in prostate cancer tumors as well as other cancers said Donald Mcdonnell Ph d. chairman of the Duke Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and senior author
Our first efforts were to starve the tumors of copper but that was unsuccessful. We couldn't deplete copper enough to be said effective Mcdonnell.
and then use a drug that requires copper to be effective to attack the tumors.
Disulfiram had at one time been a candidate for treating prostate cancer--it homes in on the additional copper in prostate cancer tumors
along with the disulfiram the combination resulted in dramatic reductions in prostate tumor growth among animal models with advanced disease.
or similar compounds and copper especially beneficial for men who have been on hormone therapies that have failed to slow tumor growth.
and oil production also wields control of cellular growth--and tumor growth--in humans. Christoph Benning MSU professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and his colleagues unearthed the protein's potential
In terms of human medicine this discovery gives scientists a promising new model to study tumor suppression and growth.
That is the first step of tumor growth. Story Source The above story is provided based on materials by Michigan State university.
The Weissman team used CRISPR activation to identify a number of tumor suppressor genes that inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Researchers characterize new tumor syndrome Scientists at the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) of the University of Luxembourg have published their findings that mutations in a gene known as ARMC5 promote the growth of benign tumors in the adrenal glands
ARMC5 appears to belong to the group of so-called tumor suppressor genes. It is the first time in years that scientists have characterized such a gene.
Now for the first time a mutation of ARMC5 has been characterized as the cause behind the growth of meningeal tumors.
The results on this tumor syndrome obtained by the group of Dr. Patrick May and PD.
However because the tumor cells multiply faster than other body cells and the number of cells in the tumor increases the blood cortisol level rises in the course of the disease says Dr Schneider.
Then the cortisol level in the body rises and ultimately results in the onset of Cushing's syndrome.
When other scientific workgroups discovered that further benign tumors--in this case meningeal tumors--occur more often in ARMC5-Cushing families the group of Patrick May
We demonstrated for the first time in a patient with an adrenal cortex tumor and simultaneously a meningeal tumor that somatic that is nonhereditary ARMC5 mutations are present in both tumors.
This observation suggests that ARMC5 is a true tumor-suppressor gene. It must now be explored Schneider continues to what extent patients with adrenal cortex tumors ought to be screened for simultaneous presence of meningioma and in
which other types of tumor ARMC5 mutations are responsible for tumor growth: Building upon that we can learn
whether the gene and the metabolic pathways it influences offer new approaches for treating the tumor syndrome.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Université du Luxembourg. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Journal Reference e
#Ultra-fast charging batteries that can be recharged 70 in just two minutes Scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU Singapore) have developed a new battery that can be recharged up to 70 per cent in only
Some studies indicated that Bre1 had a role as a tumor suppressor Strahl said. Other studies showed that it's a cancer promoter.
The researchers showed in mouse models that chronic skin inflammation caused by continuous skin contact with allergens contributes to tumor development.
To investigate whether inflammation from the implant contributed to the tumor the researchers studied mouse models of contact allergy.
The new mix of cells and molecules promotes the development of skin tumors. This model supported cancer development so strongly that some mice developed invasive squamous cell skin cancers similar to the patient's tumor said lead author Shadmehr Demehri MD Phd a dermatologist
and postdoctoral fellow. When the researchers examined the cells and molecules involved in chronic contact allergy in mice they identified several that already had been linked to tumor development.
Some of these cells and molecules also were present in biopsy samples from the patient's ankle.
The CUMC team demonstrated in mice transplants that these tumors can be suppressed by reintroducing KLHL9 protein,
their tumors regressed, providing further evidence that KLHL9 mutations (which were found in 50 percent of the mesenchymal glioblastoma patients),
what type of chemotherapy you attack a tumor with, many cancer cells resort to the same survival tactic:
"This gives us a therapeutic avenue to target autophagy in tumors, "said Josh Andersen, a BYU chemistry professor."
"The idea would be to make tumors more chemo-sensitive. You could target these proteins and the mechanism of this switch to block autophagy,
they forced tumor cells to undergo autophagy by depriving them of oxygen and glucose. A comparison with a control group let them see that the two proteins hook up only when under attack.
and five lncrnas were found to be significantly higher in prostate tumor tissues compared with matched normal tissues.
They completed this study with original analysis of patient material from the Ontario Tumor Bank in Canada and the Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg.
Zeng and his fellow researchers have developed the lab-on-a-chip for early detection of lung cancer--the number-one cancer killer in the U s. Today lung cancer is detected mostly with an invasive biopsy after tumors are larger than 3 centimeters in diameter and even
Tumor biopsy is often impossible for early cancer diagnosis as the developing tumor is too small to see by the current imaging tools.
and more sensitive thus suitable for large population screening to detect early-stage tumors. Zeng said the prototype lab-on-a-chip is made of a widely used silicone rubber called polydimethylsiloxane
Our technique provides a general platform to detecting tumor-derived exosomes for cancer diagnosis he said.
Our long-term goal is to translate this technology into clinical investigation of the pathological implication of exosomes in tumor development.
and is very surprisingsaid La Spada. s let-7 is known to be a tumor suppressor its ability to activate autophagy could be a major component of its anti-tumor forming activitythough La Spada noted that autophagy may also contrarily promote tumor progression
To test this hypothesis the researchers used a device Han had developed previously to capture circulating tumor cells based on their size.
and for treating complex tumors and degenerative spine problems resulting in fewer complications and better outcomes for patients.
The surgeons said the technology has others applications for treating spinal disorders serving as a tool to remove tumors decompress the spinal column
A third study determined that the image-guided technique can be useful for other minimally invasive procedures including thoracic endoscopic spine surgery to remove tumors infections
and other disciplines also tested the response of tumor cells with specific mutations to anticancer drugs.
and a greater number of mutations in the tumors. These include mutations in the same pathway, collectively known as RASOPATHY genes.
and lead author of the study. oss of NF1 requires more accompanying changes to make a tumor,
The studies showed that the method could be used to reduce tumor growth in lung cancer for example.
and location of any abnormalities and judge whether the tumors are invasive. ight now the prohibitive issue is the costatients can afford to pay for this expensive technology,
#Chinese doctor removes kidney tumor with the aid of a 3d printed replica May 23, 2015 By Simonwhile wee seen how developments to additive manufacturing technologies have helped both bring down the cost of getting something 3d printing as well as delivering results faster,
More recently, doctors at the Xiangya Hospital of Urology at Central South University in China were able to leverage 3d printing technology in an effort to help successfully remove a tumor from a 60-year-old woman kidney.
Thanks to the use of a 3d printed model in advance of the surgical procedure, the doctors were not only able to remove the tumor-but also save the kidney itself;
Because the left renal tumor was located directly next to the renal hilum-an area of the kidney that features many vital arteries
Dr. Qi Lin took a series of CT SCANS of the patient kidney, tumor and surrounding area
and were successfully able to remove the tumor while keeping the kidney intact with patient.
and allowed us to pinpoint the tumor, the arteries and the surrounding kidney tissue before surgery,
#Plasmons Influence Carbon-Based Nanoparticles for Sensitizing Cancerous Tumors In a study published in EPJ D,
The sensor will enable doctors to identify tumor markers, whose presence in the body signals the emergence and growth of cancerous tumors.
The sensitivity of the new device is characterized best by one key feature: according to its developers, the sensor can track changes of just a few kilodaltons in the mass of a cantilever in real time.
Theoretically, the nanoparticles would attach to the tumor and emit low energy electrons, destroying the tumor DNA.
The gold-based nanoparticles would be flushed out of the body, Sykes says, unlike free iodine-125,
into tiny titanium capsules and implanting them in tumors. Instead of emitting large amounts of low energy electrons as the gold-bound iodine does,
which was the first genetic-based approach that is able to detect live circulating tumor cells out of the complex matrix that is human blood.
such as the B-allele frequency plot, that have been optimized for the identification of biologically relevant genomic variants in tumor samples s
tumor growth, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. In epithelial cancers cancers of the breast, ovaries, prostate, skin and bladder,
or sirna, into tumor cells. In mouse models, delivering sirna into cancer cells inhibited the expression of Twist,
and dramatically reduced the size of tumors. The study, which was published online in the journal Nanomedicine:
and encourages us to explore further what is happening to the tumor. In previous studies
sirna has been shown to effectively shut down gene expression in tumor cells grown in the laboratory. But the technique had not been effective in living organisms
because enzymes in the blood called nucleases degrade sirna before it can reach tumor cells.
the nanoparticles could accumulate in the tumor cells and the sirna could go to work inhibiting the cellsexpression of Twist.
The study found that giving mice sirna-loaded nanoparticles once a week for six weeks inhibited tumor growth,
which promotes tumor invasion and metastasis in many cancers, said Glackin, an associate professor at the City of Hope who has been studying the function of Twist for 20 years.
genetically engineered to target tumors, has shown significant success against multiple myeloma, a cancer of the plasma cells that is largely incurable.
where myeloma tumors typically are showed found, and a long-term ability to fight the tumors. Relapse was associated generally with a loss of the engineered T-cells. his study suggests that treatment with engineered T-cells is not only safe
but of potential clinical benefit to patients with certain types of aggressive multiple myeloma, says first author Aaron P. Rapoport, M d,
In the clinical study, patientst-cells were engineered to express an affinity-enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for a type of tumor antigen,
which correlates to tumor proliferation and poorer outcomes. According to Adaptimmune, the trial is published the first study of lentiviral vector mediated TCR gene expression in humans.
as scientists have shown that using drugs to block PD-1 coaxes T cells to attack tumors.
which are involved especially in tumor angiogenesis and proliferation of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, Lenvima has been confirmed through X-ray co-crystal structural analysis to demonstrate a new binding mode (Type V) to VEGFR2,
and has demonstrated clinically target tumor regression (tumour shrinkage) in both solid tumor indications of pancreatic and liver cancer.
#Detecting potent tumors using a smartphone! Ms Maryam Sadeghi shows off an early version of Molescope (Picture courtesy:
whether the tumor is benign or malignant in a study of 20 patients,"said Mr Yuki Hasegawa of My Tech.
including circulating tumor cells from blood, paving the way for better cancer treatments. The project will get access both to the BIO-X process support
which was the first genetic-based approach that is able to detect live circulating tumor cells out of the complex matrix that is human blood.
and shrink tumor growth. Jerry W. Shay, Ph d.,professor and vice chairman of cell biology at UT Southwestern,
and colleague, Woodring E. Wright, M d.,Ph d.,professor of cell biology and internal medicine, found that 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine could stop the growth of cancer cells in culture and decrease the growth of tumors in mice.
6-thio-dg caused a decrease in the tumor growth rate superior to that observed with 6-thioguanine treatment.
In addition, 6-thio-dg increased telomere dysfunction in tumor cells in vivo. These results indicate that 6-thio-dg may provide a new telomere-addressed telomerase-dependent anticancer approach."
as well as tumor burden shrinkage in mice,"noted Dr. Shay, who is also associate director of the Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center.
but these drugs have to be administered for long periods of time to successfully trigger cell death and shrink tumors,
because cells in any one tumor have chromosomes with different telomere lengths and any one cell's telomeres must be shortened critically to induce death. 6-thiodg is used preferentially as a substrate by telomerase
in addition to uncovering a gene that may aid tumors in promoting resistance to existing drug therapies.
According to the authors, this is the first study of its kind to use whole-exome sequencing to probe testicular germ cell tumors,
examined tumor samples from 42 patients with testicular cancer. They report previously unidentified chromosome duplications and confirmed data from earlier findings that associated these tumors with the KIT gene,
which has been linked to an array of other cancerous tissues.""Our study is the largest comprehensive sequencing study of testicular tumors published to date,
describing their mutational profile in greater detail than has been possible using previous technologies, says Clare Turnbull, Ph d.,senior author and team leader in predisposition and translational genetics at ICR.
Their preliminary finding of a link between XRCC2 and platinum drug resistance was validated once they sequenced a sample from an additional platinum-resistant tumor. e have identified new potential driver mutations for this type of cancer
This study provides essential general knowledge concerning testicular germ line cell tumor development but more importantly, valuable insight into the genetic underpinnings as to why certain patients develop resistance to chemotherapy h
#New Microchip Design Captures Circulating Tumor Cells Circulating tumor cells (CTCS) represent the metastatic seed that can break away from the primary tumor site,
"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Methods through an article entitled"A microfluidic device for label-free, physical capture of circulating tumor cell clusters."
Interestingly, the data from this small study also showed a rare presence of non-tumor derived immune cells within clusters,
the ability to monitor tumor-immune cell interactions via the blood could be of great value."
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